وَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا قَرْيَةً كَانَتْ آمِنَةً مُطْمَئِنَّةً يَأْتِيهَا رِزْقُهَا رَغَدًا مِنْ كُلِّ مَكَانٍ فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ اللَّهِ فَأَذَاقَهَا اللَّهُ لِبَاسَ الْجُوعِ وَالْخَوْفِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ
And Allah presents an example: a city which was safe and secure, its provision coming to it in abundance from every location, but it denied the favors of Allah. So Allah made it taste the envelopment of hunger and fear for what they had been doing.
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(Call unto the way of thy Lord with wisdom and fair exhortation…) [16:125-127]. Abu Mansur Muhammadibn Muhammad al-Mansuri informed us> 'Ali ibn 'Umar al-Hafiz> 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz> al-Hakam ibn Musa> Isma'il ibn 'Ayyash> 'Abd al-Malik ibn Abi Ghaniyyah> al-Hakam ibn 'Utaybah>Mujahid> Ibn 'Abbas who said: “When the idolaters retreated from those who were killed at the Battle ofUhud, The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, went there and saw a scene which hestrongly disliked. And he also saw Hamzah with his stomach ripped open, nose burnt and ears cut off. Hesaid: 'If it were not for the fear of causing more grief to the women or that it becomes a followed practiceafter me, I would leave him until Allah, exalted is He, resurrect him from the bellies of predatory animalsand birds. I shall kill seventy men of them [of the disbelievers of Quraysh] in revenge', He then asked for amantle to cover him with it. When he covered his face, his feet remained uncovered and so he covered themwith some Bulrush. He then placed him forward and said 'Allah is the greatest' ten times. Then, all thoseMuslim dead were brought, one by one, while the body of Hamzah was unmoved from its place, and theProphet, Allah bless him and give him peace, prayed on them. And so He performed seventy prayers onHamzah. There were seventy Muslims who died in this battle. When they were buried and finished with,Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Call unto the way of thy Lord with wisdom and fair exhortation) up to Hiswords (Endure thou patiently (O Muhammad). Thine endurance is only by (the help of) Allah…) [16:127].And so, he was patient and did not mutilate any one”. Isma'il ibn Ibrahim al-Wa'iz informed us> Abu'l-'AbbasAhmad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Isa al-Hafiz> 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz> Bishr ibn al-Walid al-Kindi> Salih al-Murri> Sulayman al-Taymi> Abu 'Uthman al-Nahdi> Abu Hurayrah who said: “When theProphet, Allah bless him and give him peace, got closer to Hamzah, he saw that he was dead. Nothing thathe ever saw was more painful to his heart than that sight. He said: “By Allah, I will kill seventy of them inreturn!” This verse was then revealed (If ye punish, then punish with the like of that wherewith ye wereafflicted. But if ye endure patiently, verily it is better for the patient) [16:126]. Abu Hassan al-Muzakkiinformed us> Abu'l-'Abbas Muhammad ibn Ishaq> Musa ibn Ishaq> Yahya ibn 'Abd al-Hamid al-Humani>Qays ibn Abi Layla> al-Hakam> Muqassim> Ibn 'Abbas who reported that, on the day Hamzah was killedand mutilated, the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: “If I get my hand on theQuraysh I will mutilate seventy men of them. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (If ye punish, then punishwith the like of that wherewith ye were afflicted. But if ye endure patiently, verily it is better for the patient),upon which the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: 'I would rather be patient, OLord!' ” The commentators of the Qur'an said: “When the Muslims saw what the idolaters did to their deadat the Battle of Uhud in terms of ripping open their stomachs, cutting off their male organs and mutilatingthem in the most ugly way, they said: 'If Allah gives us a chance to get our hands on them, we will mutilatethem even worse than what they did; we shall maim them in a way that none of the Arabs did before to anyother Arab; and we shall do this and we shall do that'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give himpeace, stopped at the body of his paternal uncle Hamzah with his nose and ears amputated, his male organscut off and his stomach ripped open. Hind bint 'Utbah had taken a piece of his liver, chewed it andswallowed it but her stomach could not take it and she threw it up. When the Prophet, Allah bless him andgive him peace, heard of this, he said: 'She would have never entered hell if she did digest it; Hamzah is toonoble in the sight of Allah to allow any part of his body to enter hell'. When the Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, saw Hamzah [lying dead and mutilated], he had never seen, before that,anything which was more painful to his heart. And so he said: 'May Allah's mercy be on you; you were, asfar as I know, someone who kept his ties of kinship and did always good deeds. Had it not been for thegrieving of those who survived of your family, it would have pleased me to leave you as you are until youare resurrected [on the Day of Judgement] from different bellies. By Allah, if Allah, exalted is He, gives methe opportunity to lay my hand on them, I will mutilate seventy men of them, for what they did to you'. ButAllah, exalted is He, revealed (If ye punish, then punish with the like of that wherewith ye were afflicted. Butif ye endure patiently, verily it is better for the patient) and so the Prophet, Allah bless him and give himpeace, said: 'I would rather be patient', and then he made amends for the oath he had made”. Here, weneed to mention how Hamzah was killed. 'Amr ibn Abi 'Amr al-Muzakki informed us> Muhammad ibn Makki>Muhammad ibn Yusuf> Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Ju'fi> Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah> Hujayn ibnal-Muthanna> 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Abi Salamah. And we were informed by Muhammad ibnIbrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya> his father> Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Thaqafi> Sa'id ibn Yahya al-Umawi> his father> Muhammad ibn Ishaq> 'Abd Allah ibn al-Fadl ibn 'Ayyash ibn Abi Rabi'ah> Sulaymanibn Yasar> Ja'far ibn 'Amr ibn Umayyah al-Damri who said: “I travelled with 'Ubayd Allah ibn 'Adiyy ibn al-Khiyar through Hums. While we were there 'Ubayd Allah said to me: 'Do you wish to go to visit Wahshiyy toask him how he killed Hamzah'. I said: 'If you want to'. A man said to us: 'You will find him in the courtyardof his house; he is a man who is always drunk. However, if he is sober, he will speak in Arabic and youmight find what you are after'. When we got to him, we greeted him and he raised his head. We said: 'Wehave come to you to tell us about your killing of Hamzah, may Allah have mercy on him'. He said: 'I willrelate to you exactly what I related to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, when heasked me about the same. I was a slave of Jubayr ibn Mut'im ibn 'Adiyy ibn Nawfal whose uncle Tu'aymahibn 'Adiyy was killed at the Battle of Badr. When the Quraysh marched toward Uhud, Jubayr ibn Mut'im saidto me: 'You are free if you kill Hamzah, Muhammad's uncle, as a revenge for the killing of my uncleTu'aymah'. I went out with them. It is to be remembered that I am an Abyssinian who is expert in throwingspears, like all Abyssinians, and I never missed my target. When the two sides met, I went looking forHamzah until I saw him in the middle of the army, like a white-and-black camel, slaughtering people with hissword such that nothing stood in his way. By Allah, I was waiting for my moment, hiding behind a rock ortree, so that he drew closer to me, when Siba' ibn 'Abd al-'Uzza passed me and went toward him. WhenHamzah, may Allah have mercy on him, saw him, he called him: 'Here, O son of a cutter of clitoris!' Then hestruck him on the head and, by Allah, he did not miss. I moved my spear about until I felt comfortable andthrew it at him. It caught him in the lower abdomen and the spear came out from his feet. He made a movetoward me and then collapsed and I left him to die. I went toward him, retrieved my spear and joined thepeople at the camp. I did not want to kill anyone else, for I only killed him to gain my freedom. When I wentback to Mecca, I was emancipated. I stayed there until Islam spread throughout it upon which I travelled toal-Ta'if. In Ta'if, they sent emissaries to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, andmentioned that he does not harm emissaries. And so I went with them to the Messenger of Allah, Allah blesshim and give him peace. When he saw me, he said: 'Are you Wahshiyy?' and when I answered in theaffirmative, he asked again: 'You are the one who killed Hamzah?' I said: 'What happened is exactly as itwas related to you'. He said: 'Could you keep your face away from me?' I left. When the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, died and Musaylimah the liar emerged to the people, I thought to goand kill Musaylimah to cancel out my killing of Hamzah. I went out with people, and what happened to himis now known' ”.
وَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلاً قَرْيَةً كَانَتْ ءَامِنَةً مُّطْمَئِنَّةً يَأْتِيهَا رِزْقُهَا رَغَدًا مِّن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ اللَّهِ فَأَذَاقَهَا اللَّهُ لِبَاسَ الْجُوعِ وَالْخَوْفِ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَصْنَعُونَ - وَلَقَدْ جَآءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَهُمْ ظَـلِمُونَ
(112. And Allah gives the example of a township (Makkah), it was secure and peaceful: its provision coming to it in abundance from every place, but it (its people) denied the favors of Allah. So Allah made it taste extreme hunger (famine) and fear, because of what they did.)
(113. There has come to them a Messenger from among themselves, but they denied him, so the torment seized them while they were wrongdoers.)
This example refers to the people of Makkah, which had been secure, peaceful and stable, a secure sanctuary while men were being snatched away from everywhere outside of it. Whoever entered Makkah, he was safe, and he had no need to fear, as Allah said:
وَقَالُواْ إِن نَّتَّبِعِ الْهُدَى مَعَكَ نُتَخَطَّفْ مِنْ أَرْضِنَآ أَوَلَمْ نُمَكِّن لَّهُمْ حَرَماً ءَامِناً يُجْبَى إِلَيْهِ ثَمَرَاتُ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ رِّزْقاً مِّن لَّدُنَّا
(And they say: "If we follow the guidance with you, we would be snatched away from our land.'' Have We not established a secure sanctuary (Makkah) for them, to which are brought fruits of all kinds, a provision from Ourselves.) 28:57 Similarly, Allah says here:
يَأْتِيهَا رِزْقُهَا رَغَدًا
(its provision coming to it in abundance) meaning, with ease and in plenty,
مِّن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ اللَّهِ
(from every place, but it (its people) denied the favors of Allah.) meaning, they denied the blessings of Allah towards them, the greatest of which was Muhammad being sent to them, as Allah said:
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُواْ نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّواْ قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ - جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا وَبِئْسَ الْقَرَارُ
(Have you not seen those who have changed the favors of Allah into disbelief, and caused their people to dwell in the abode of destruction; Hell, in which they will burn, - and what an evil place to settle in!) (14:28-29). Hence Allah replaced their former blessings with the opposite, and said:
فَأَذَاقَهَا اللَّهُ لِبَاسَ الْجُوعِ وَالْخَوْفِ
(So Allah made it taste extreme hunger (famine) and fear,) meaning, He inflicted it and made them taste of hunger after fruits of all kinds and provision in abundance from every place had been brought to it. This was when they defied the Messenger of Allah and insisted on opposing him, so he supplicated against them, asking Allah to send them seven years like the seven years of Yusuf (i.e., seven years of famine), and they were stricken with a year in which everything that they had was destroyed, and they ate `Alhaz', which is the hair of the camel mixed with its blood when it is slaughtered.
(and fear). This refers to the fact that their sense of security was replaced with fear of the Messenger of Allah and his Companions after they had migrated to Al-Madinah. They feared the power and the attack of his armies, and they started to lose and face the destruction of everything that belonged to them, until Allah made it possible for His Messenger to conquer Makkah. This happened because of their evil deeds, their wrongdoing and their rejection of the Messenger that Allah sent to them from among themselves. He reminded them of this blessing in the Ayah:
لَقَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُؤمِنِينَ إِذْ بَعَثَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولاً مِّنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ
(Indeed, Allah blessed the believers when He sent Messenger from among themselves to them.) (3:164) and,
فَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ يأُوْلِى الأَلْبَـبِ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ قَدْ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ ذِكْراًرَسُولاً
(So have Taqwa of Allah! O men of understanding who have believed, Allah has indeed revealed to you a reminder (this Qur'an). (And has also sent to you) a Messenger.) 65:10-11 and:
كَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا فِيكُمْ رَسُولاً مِّنْكُمْ يَتْلُواْ عَلَيْكُمْ آيَـتِنَا وَيُزَكِّيكُمْ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ الْكِتَـبَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ
(Similarly (as a blessing), We have sent a Messenger to you from among you, reciting Our Ayat to you, and purifying you, and teaching you the Book (the Qur'an) and the Hikmah (i.e. Sunnah).) Until
وَلاَ تَكْفُرُونِ
(and do not be ungrateful.) 2:151-152 Allah changed the situation of the disbelievers and made it the opposite of what it had been, so they lived in fear after being secure, they were hungry after having plenty of provisions. After the believers lived in fear, Allah granted them security, giving them ample provisions after they lived in poverty, making them rulers, governors and leaders of mankind. This is what we say about the example that was given of the people of Makkah. It was also the opinion of Al-`Awfi and Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam, and Malik narrated it from Az-Zuhri as well. May Allah have mercy on them all.
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Dengan mendustakan Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam yang mereka kenal amanah dan kejujurannya.
Maksudnya, kelaparan dan ketakutan itu meliputi mereka seperti halnya pakaian meliputi tubuh mereka.
Mereka merasakan kemarau panjang selama tujuh tahun.
Dengan sariyyah (pasukan kecil) yang dikirim Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam.
Berupa kufur dan tidak bersyukur. Allah tidaklah menzalimi mereka, akan tetapi merekalah yang menzalimi diri mereka sendiri. Ayat ini menunjukkan bahwa jalan keluar dari musibah yang menimpa di berbagai negeri adalah dengan bersyukur kepada Allah, yakni dengan beriman kepada rasul dan bertakwa kepada Allah (masuk Islam dan mengamalkan ajaran-ajarannya), dan bahwa musibah yang menimpa tidak lain disebabkan melakukan yang sebaliknya, lihat pula surah Al Aâraaf: 96-99, surah Sabaâ: 15-17, dan surah Yunus: 98. Ada banyak faidah dari musibah, di antaranya sebagai penebus dosa bagi orang mukmin, sebagai azab bagi orang kafir, dan sebagai pelajaran bagi orang-orang yang masih hidup agar mereka tidak melakukan hal yang sama. Orang yang cerdas adalah orang yang dapat mengambil pelajaran dari musibah yang menimpa orang lain.
