وَلِرَبِّكَ فَاصْبِرْ
But for your Lord be patient.
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(Leave Me (to deal) with him whom I created lonely…) [74:11-24]. Abu’l-Qasim al-Hudhami informed us>Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Nu‘aym Muhammad ibn ‘Ali al-Saghani> Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Dabari> ‘Abd al-Razzaq> Ma‘mar> Ayyub al-Sikhtiyyani> ‘Ikrimah> Ibn ‘Abbas who related that al-Walid ibn al-Mughirahwent to the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, who read the Qur’an to him and it seemed as if hisheart softened to it. Abu Jahl heard of this. He went to him and said: “O uncle, your clan want to collectmoney to give it to you, for you went to Muhammad exposing yourself to his message”. He said: “TheQuraysh know well that I am among its wealthiest”. Abu Jahl said: “Then say something about him whichwill let your people know that you condemn and dislike him”. He said: “But what shall I say? By Allah, thereis not a man among you who is more knowledgeable about poetry and its composition than me. By Allah,what he says does not resemble any poetry. By Allah, the speech which he utters is sweet and graceful,fruitful at the top, copious at the bottom; it has the upper hand and nothing has the upper hand over it. Butlet me think about what I shall say about it. Then he said [as reported by the Qur’an] (This is naught elsethan magic from of old) [74:24], which he simply learnt from others”. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed(Leave Me (to deal) with him whom I created lonely…), and the other verses which follows it. Mujahid said:“Al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah was in the habit of visiting the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, andAbu Bakr so much so that the Quraysh thought he was going to embrace Islam. Abu Jahl then said to him:‘The Quraysh claim that you visit Muhammad and Ibn Abi Quhafah to share food with them’. Al-Walid said tothe Quraysh: ‘You are people of noble lineages and sound minds, but you claim that Muhammad is mad.Have you ever seen him seized by a bout of madness?’ They said: ‘No!’ He said: ‘And you claim that he is asoothsayer; have you ever seen him soothsaying?’ They said: ‘No!’ He said: ‘You claim that he is a poet;have you ever heard him utter poetry?’ They said: ‘No!’ He said: ‘You claim that he is a liar; have you evercaught him lying?’ They said: ‘No!’ The Quraysh said to al-Walid: ‘What is he, then?’ He thought for a while,looked and frowned and then said: ‘He is nothing but a sorcerer’, hence Allah’s saying (For lo! he didconsider; then he planned…) [74:12] up to His saying (This is naught else than magic from of old)”.
يأَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ - قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ - وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ - وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ - وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ - وَلاَ تَمْنُن تَسْتَكْثِرُ - وَلِرَبِّكَ فَاصْبِرْ - فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى النَّاقُورِ - فَذَلِكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَوْمٌ عَسِيرٌ - عَلَى الْكَـفِرِينَ غَيْرُ يَسِيرٍ
(1. O you enveloped in garments!)
(2. Arise and warn!)
(3. And magnify your Lord!)
(4. And purify your garments!)
(5. And keep away from Ar-Rujz!)
(6. And give not a thing in order to have more.)
(7. And be patient for the sake of your Lord!)
(8. Then, when the Naqur is sounded.)
(9. Truly, that Day will be a Hard Day.)
(10. Far from easy for the disbelievers.)
It has been confirmed in the Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim on the authority of Abu Salamah that Jabir bin `Abdullah informed him that he heard the Messenger of Allah speaking about the time period (of the pause in) revelation. The Prophet said,
«فَبَيْنَا أَنَا أَمْشِي إِذْ سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَرَفَعْتُ بَصَرِي قِبَلَ السَّمَاءِ، فَإِذَا الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي جَاءَنِي بِحِرَاءَ، قَاعِدٌ عَلَى كُرْسِيَ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، فَجُئِثْتُ مِنْهُ حَتْى هَوَيْتُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَجِئْتُ إِلَى أَهْلِي فَقُلْتُ: زَمِّلُونِي زَمِّلُونِي فَزَمَّلُونِي. فَأَنْزَلَ (اللهُ تَعَالى):
يأَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ - قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ
إلى
ثُمَّ حَمِيَ الْوَحْيُ وَتَتَابَع»
(While I was walking I heard a voice from the sky. So I lifted my gaze towards the sky and saw the same angel who had come to me at the cave of Hira'. He was sitting on a chair between the sky and the earth. So I fled from him (in fear) until I fell down to the ground. Then, I went to my family and I said, `Wrap me up, wrap me up. So, they wrapped me up! So Allah revealed, (O you wrapped up! Arise and warn!) until (And keep away) Here, Abu Salamah added, `Ar-Rujz means idols.' (After this, the revelation started coming strongly and frequently in succession.) This is the wording of Al-Bukhari. The way this Hadith is narrated necessitates that revelation had descended before this. This is due to the Prophet's statement,
«فَإِذَا الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي جَاءَنِي بِحِرَاء»
(The same angel who had come to me at the cave of Hira'.)'' That angel was Jibril, who had came to him with Allah's statement,
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ - خَلَقَ الإِنسَـنَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ - اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الاٌّكْرَمُ - الَّذِى عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ - عَلَّمَ الإِنسَـنَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ
(Read! In the Name of your Lord Who has created. He has created man from a clot. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught by the pen. He has taught man that which he knew not.) (96:1-5) After this first occurrence (in the cave) there was a period of time that passed, then the angel descended again. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Salamah bin `Abdur-Rahman that Jabir bin `Abdullah informed him that he heard the Messenger of Allah saying,
«ثُمَّ فَتَرَ الْوَحْيُ عَنِّي فَتْرَةً، فَبَيْنَا أَنَا أَمْشِي سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، فَرَفَعْتُ بَصَرِي قِبَلَ السَّمَاءِ، فَإِذَا الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي جَاءَنِي، قَاعِدٌ عَلى كُرْسِيَ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، فَجُئِثْتُ مِنْهُ فَرَقًا حَتْى هَوَيْتُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَجِئْتُ أَهْلِي فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ: زَمِّلُونِي زَمِّلُونِي فَزَمَّلُونِي، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالى:
يأَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ - قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ - وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ - وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ - وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ
ثُمَّ حَمِيَ الْوَحْيُ وَتَتَابَع»
(Then the revelation ceased coming to me for a period of time.Then, while I was walking, I heard a voice from the sky. So I lifted my gaze towards the sky to see the same angel who had come to me, sitting on a chair between the sky and the earth. So I fled from him a short distance before I fell down to the ground. Then I came to my family and said to them, `Wrap me up, wrap me up! So, they wrapped me up! Then Allah revealed, (O you wrapped up! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord. And purify your garments. And keep away from Ar-Rujz!)( After this, the revelation started coming strongly and frequently in succession.) They both (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded this Hadith by way of Az-Zuhri. At-Tabarani recorded from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "Verily, Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah prepared some food for the Quraysh. So when they had eaten from it he said, `What do you have to say about this man' Some of them said, `He is a magician.' Others said, `He is not a magician.' Then some of them said, `He is a soothsayer.' But others said, `He is not a soothsayer.' Some of them said, `He is a poet.' But others said, `He is not a poet.' Some of them said, `This is magic from that of old.' Thus, they eventually all agreed that it was magic from ancient times. Then, when this news reached the Prophet , he became grieved, covered his head and wrapped himself up. This is when Allah revealed,
يأَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ - قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ - وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ - وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ - وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ - وَلاَ تَمْنُن تَسْتَكْثِرُ - وَلِرَبِّكَ فَاصْبِرْ
(O you enveloped in garments! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord (Allah)! And purify your garments! And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! And give not a thing in order to have more (or consider not your deeds of obedience to Allah as a favour to Him). And be patient for the sake of your Lord (i.e., perform your duty to Allah)!) Concerning Allah's statement,
قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ
(Arise and warn!) means, prepare to go forth with zeal and warn the people. With this the Prophet attained messengership just as he attained prophethood with the first revelation.
وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ
(And magnify your Lord!) to declare the greatness of Him. Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas;
وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ
(And purify your garments!) "This means, do not let your garments that you wear be from earnings that are unlawful.'' It has also been said, "Do not wear your clothes in disobedience.'' Muhammad bin Sirin said,
وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ
(And purify your garments!) "This means clean them with water.'' Ibn Zayd said, "The idolators would not clean themselves, so Allah commanded him to clean himself and his garments.'' This view was preferred by Ibn Jarir. Sa`id bin Jubayr said,
وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ
(And purify your garments!) "This means purify your heart and your intentions.'' Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi and Al-Hasan Al-Basri both said, "And beautify your character.'' Concerning Allah's statement,
وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ
(And keep away from Ar-Rujz!) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas, "Ar-Rujz are idols, so keep away from them.'' Similar to this was said by Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Qatadah, Az-Zuhri and Ibn Zayd, "Verily, it is the idols.'' This is like Allah's statement,
يأَيُّهَا النَّبِىِّ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَلاَ تُطِعِ الْكَـفِرِينَ وَالْمُنَـفِقِينَ
(O Prophet! have Taqwa of Allah, and obey not the disbelievers and the hypocrites.) (33:1) and Allah's statement,
وَقَالَ مُوسَى لاًّخِيهِ هَـرُونَ اخْلُفْنِى فِى قَوْمِى وَأَصْلِحْ وَلاَ تَتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ
(And Musa said to his brother Harun: "Replace me among my people, act well and follow not way of the corrupters.'') (7:142) Then Allah says,
وَلاَ تَمْنُن تَسْتَكْثِرُ
(And give not a thing in order to have more.) Ibn `Abbas said, "Do not give any gift seeking to get (back in return) more than it.'' Khusayf reported from Mujahid;
وَلاَ تَمْنُن تَسْتَكْثِرُ
(And give not a thing (Tamnun) in order to have more.) "Do not slacken in seeking more good. Tamnun in the language of the Arabs means to become weak.'' Concerning Allah's statement,
وَلِرَبِّكَ فَاصْبِرْ
(And be patient for the sake of your Lord!) meaning, make your patience with their harms be for the Face of your Lord, the Mighty and Majestic. This was stated by Mujahid. Ibrahim An-Nakha`i said, "Be patient in your giving for the sake of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic.''
Concerning Allah's statement,
فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى النَّاقُورِ - فَذَلِكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَوْمٌ عَسِيرٌ - عَلَى الْكَـفِرِينَ غَيْرُ يَسِيرٍ
(Then, when the Naqur is sounded. Truly, that Day will be a Hard Day -- far from easy for the disbelievers) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ash-Sha`bi, Zayd bin Aslam, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd, all said,
(Naqur) "It is the Trumpet.'' Mujahid said, "It is in the shape of a horn.'' Ibn Abi Hatim narrated that Abu Sa`id Al-Ashaj told them that Asbat bin Muhammad related to them from Mutarrif, from `Atiyah Al-`Awfi, from Ibn `Abbas,
فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى النَّاقُورِ
(Then, when the Trumpet is sounded.) The Messenger of Allah said,
«كَيْفَ أَنْعَمُ وَصَاحِبُ الْقَرْنِ قَدِ الْتَقَمَ الْقَرْنَ وَحَنَى جَبْهَتَهُ يَنْتَظِرُ مَتَى يُؤْمَرُ فَيَنْفُخُ؟»
(How can I be comfortable when the one with the horn has placed it in his mouth, leaned his forehead forward, and is waiting to be commanded so that he can blow) The Companions of the Messenger of Allah said, "What do you command us, O Messenger of Allah'' He replied,
«قُولُوا: حَسْبُنَا اللهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ، عَلَى اللهِ تَوَكَّلْنَا»
(Say: "Allah is sufficient for us, and what an excellent Trustee He is. We put our trust in Allah.'') It has been recorded like this by Imam Ahmad on the authority of Asbat. Concerning Allah's statement,
فَذَلِكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَوْمٌ عَسِيرٌ
(Truly, that Day will be a Hard Day.) meaning, severe.
عَلَى الْكَـفِرِينَ غَيْرُ يَسِيرٍ
(Far from easy for the disbelievers.) meaning, it will not be easy for them. This is as Allah says,
يَقُولُ الْكَـفِرُونَ هَـذَا يَوْمٌ عَسِرٌ
(The disbelievers will say: "This a Hard Day.'') (54:8) We have reported from Zurarah bin Awfa, the judge of Al-Basrah, that he lead the people in the morning prayer and he recited this Surah. Then, when he reached Allah's statement,
فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى النَّاقُورِ - فَذَلِكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَوْمٌ عَسِيرٌ - عَلَى الْكَـفِرِينَ غَيْرُ يَسِيرٍ
(Then, when the Naqur is sounded. Truly, that Day will be a Hard Day -- far from easy for the disbelievers.) he made a moaning sound and then he fell down dead. May Allah have mercy on him.
ذَرْنِى وَمَنْ خَلَقْتُ وَحِيداً - وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُ مَالاً مَّمْدُوداً - وَبَنِينَ شُهُوداً - وَمَهَّدتُّ لَهُ تَمْهِيداً - ثُمَّ يَطْمَعُ أَنْ أَزِيدَ - كَلاَّ إِنَّهُ كان لاٌّيَـتِنَا عَنِيداً - سَأُرْهِقُهُ صَعُوداً - إِنَّهُ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ - فَقُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ - ثُمَّ قُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ - ثُمَّ نَظَرَ - ثُمَّ عَبَسَ وَبَسَرَ - ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ - فَقَالَ إِنْ هَـذَآ إِلاَّ سِحْرٌ يُؤْثَرُ - إِنْ هَـذَآ إِلاَّ قَوْلُ الْبَشَرِ - سَأُصْلِيهِ سَقَرَ - وَمَآ أَدْرَاكَ مَا سَقَرُ - لاَ تُبْقِى وَلاَ تَذَرُ
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Terhadap menjalankan perintah dan menjauhi larangan, dan haraplah pahala dan keridhaan Allah dengan kesabaranmu itu. Maka Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam melaksanakan perintah Tuhannya, segera melakukannya dan memberikan peringatan kepada manusia serta menerangkan kepada mereka semua tuntutan ilahi dengan ayat-ayat yang jelas, Beliau juga mengagungkan Allah Taâala dan mengajak manusia untuk mengagungkan-Nya, dan Beliau bersihkan amal Beliau baik yang tampak maupun yang tersembunyi dari semua keburukan serta menjauhi semua yang dapat menjauhikan diri dari Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala seperti patung dan para penyembahnya, keburukan dan para pelakunya. Beliau memiliki jasa terhadap manusia setelah nikmat Allah tanpa menuntut balasan dan rasa syukur dari mereka, Beliau juga bersabar karena Allah dengan sabar yang sangat sempurna; Beliau sabar dalam menjalankan perintah Allah, sabar dalam menjauhi larangan Allah dan terhadap taqdir Allah yang pedih sehingga Beliau melebihi para rasul ulul âazmi yang lain, maka semoga shalawat Allah dan salam dilimpahkan kepadanya.
