وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ ۚ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ذِكْرَىٰ لِلذَّاكِرِينَ
And establish prayer at the two ends of the day and at the approach of the night. Indeed, good deeds do away with misdeeds. That is a reminder for those who remember.
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(Establish worship at the two ends of the day and in some watches of the night. Lo! good deeds annul illdeeds…) [11:114]. Master Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi informed us> Abu 'Amr ibn Matar> Ibrahim ibn 'Ali>Yahya ibn Yahya> Abu'l-Ahwas> Simak> Ibrahim> 'Alqamah> al-Aswad> 'Abd Allah who said: “A mancame to the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I have fondled awoman at the end of Medina. However, I have touched her without making love to her; here I am, sentenceme to whatever judgment you see fit!' 'Umar exclaimed: 'Allah had concealed your sin if only you had kept itconcealed'. The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, did not answer him. The man left. Anotherman went after him, called him back and recited to him this verse. One man asked: 'O Messenger of Allah, isthis for him specifically?' He said: 'No, it is for all people' ”. This was narrated by Muslim from Yahya ibnYahya and by Bukhari from Yazid ibn Zuray'. 'Amr ibn Abi 'Amr informed us> Muhammad ibn Makki>Muhammad ibn Yusuf> Muhammad ibn Isma'il> Bishr ibn Yazid ibn Zuray'> Sulayman al-Taymi> Abu'Uthman al-Nahdi> Ibn Mas'ud who reported that a man kissed a woman after which he went to theProphet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and informed him of what he did. Allah, exalted is He, thenrevealed this verse (Establish worship at the two ends of the day and in some watches of the night…) up tothe end of the verse. The man asked: “Does this apply specifically to me?” He said: “It applies to whoeverpractises it from among my community”. Muhammad ibn Musa ibn al-Fadl informed us> Muhammad ibnYa'qub al-Umawi> al-'Abbas al-Duri> Ahmad ibn Hanbal al-Marwazi> Muhammad ibn al-Mubarak> Suwayd>'Uthman ibn Mawhab> Musa ibn Talhah> Abu'l-Yusr ibn 'Amr who said: “A woman whose husband was sentwith an army by the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, came to me and said: 'I want to buy onesilver coin worth of dates'. I liked the woman and so I said: 'I have in the house dates which are muchbetter than these, so come with me'. I touched her and kissed her. I then went to the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, and related to him what happened. He said to me: 'You have betrayed aman who is fighting for the sake of Allah in relation to his wife with the like of this'. And he put his headdown on me. I thought I was of the dwellers of hellfire and that Allah would never forgive me. But thenAllah, exalted is He, revealed (Establish worship at the two ends of the day and in some watches of thenight…). The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, sent for me and recited it to me”. Nasr ibn Bakribn Ahmad al-Wa'iz> Abu Sa'id 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Sijzi> Muhammad ibn Ayyub al-Razi> 'Ali ibn'Uthman> Musa ibn Isma'il> 'Ubayd Allah ibn 'Asim (the wording is that of 'Ali)> Hammad ibn Salamah> 'Aliibn Zayd> Yusuf ibn Mahran> Ibn 'Abbas who said: “A man went to 'Umar and said: 'A woman came to buyfrom me, I took her inside an antechamber and did with her everything except intercourse'. 'Umar said:'Woe unto you, her husband is absent fighting for the sake of Allah!' I said: 'Yes, he is!' He said: 'Go to AbuBakr [and see what he says]'. He went to Abu Bakr and he said exactly as 'Umar said. He said: 'Go to theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and ask him'. He went to the Prophet, Allah blesshim and give him peace, and related to him what he had already related to Abu Bakr and 'Umar. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace said: 'Is her husband away fighting for the sake ofAllah?' When the man confirmed it, the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, did notspeak with him. This verse was then revealed (Establish worship at the two ends of the day and in somewatches of the night. Lo! good deeds annul ill deeds…), and the man asked: 'O Messenger of Allah, is thisfor me specifically or is it for everyone?' 'Umar struck his chest and said: 'No, it is for everyone'. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, laughed and said: ' 'Umar is right!' ”. Abu Mansurinformed us> Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Tusi> 'Ali ibn 'Umar al-Hafiz> al-Husayn ibn Isma'il al-Mahamili> Yusuf ibn Musa> Jarir> 'Abd al-Malik ibn 'Umayr> 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla> Mu'adh ibnJabal who reported that he was sitting with the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, when a mancame and said: “O Messenger of Allah, what do you say about a man who touches a woman who is unlawfulfor him to touch, such that he does everything that a man usually does with his lawfully wedded wife, exceptthat he does not have intercourse with her?” The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, said to him:“Perform minor ritual ablutions properly and then stand up to pray”. Then, Allah, exalted is He, revealed thisverse (Establish worship at the two ends of the day and in some watches of the night…) up to its end.Mu'adh ibn Jabal asked: “Is this for him specifically or for all Muslims?” He replied: “It is for all Muslims”.Master Abu Tahir al-Ziyadi informed us> Hajib ibn Ahmad> 'Abd al-Rahim ibn Munib> al-Fadl ibn Musa al-Sinani> Sufyan al-Thawri> Simak ibn Harb> Ibrahim> 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Yazid> Ibn Mas'ud who said: “Aman came to the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I havefondled a woman except that I did not sleep with her'. Allah, exalted is He, revealed [as a response](Establish worship at the two ends of the day and in some watches of the night. Lo! good deeds annul illdeeds)”.
وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَوةَ طَرَفَىِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفاً مِّنَ الَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَـتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّـيِّئَـتِ ذلِكَ ذِكْرَى لِلذَكِرِينَ - وَاصْبِرْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
(114. And perform the Salah, at the two ends of the day and in some hours of the night. Verily, the good deeds remove the evil deeds. That is a reminder for the mindful.)
(115. And be patient; verily, Allah wastes not the reward of the doers of good.)
`Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said,
وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَوةَ طَرَفَىِ النَّهَارِ
(And perform the Salah, at the two ends of the day) "This is referring to the morning prayer (Subh) and the evening prayer (Maghrib).'' The same was said by Al-Hasan and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. In one narration reported by Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and others, Al-Hasan said, "It means the morning prayer (Subh) and the late afternoon prayer (`Asr).'' Mujahid said, "It is the morning prayer at the beginning of the day and the noon prayer (Zuhr) and late afternoon prayer (`Asr) at the end of the day.'' This was also said by Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi and Ad-Dahhak in one narration from him.
وَزُلَفاً مِّنَ الَّيْلِ
(and in some hours of the night.) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Al-Hasan and others said, "This means the night prayer (`Isha').'' Ibn Al-Mubarak reported from Mubarak bin Fadalah that Al-Hasan said,
وَزُلَفاً مِّنَ الَّيْلِ
(and in some hours of the night.) "This means the evening (Maghrib) and late night (`Isha') prayers. The Messenger of Allah said,
«هُمَا زُلَفَا اللَّيْلِ: الْمَغْرِبُ وَالْعِشَاء»
(They are the approach of the night: Maghrib and `Isha'.) The same was said by Mujahid, Muhammad bin Ka`b, Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak (that this means the Maghrib and `Isha' prayers). It should be noted that this verse was revealed before the five daily prayers were made obligatory during the night of Isra' (the Prophet's night journey to Jerusalem). At that time there were only two obligatory prayers: a prayer before sunrise and a prayer before sunset. During the late night another prayer (Tahajjud) was also made obligatory upon the Prophet and his nation. Later, this obligation was abrogated for his nation and remained obligatory upon him . Finally, this obligation was abrogated for the Prophet as well, according to one opinion. Allah knows best.
Concerning Allah's statement,
إِنَّ الْحَسَنَـتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّـيِّئَـتِ
(Verily, the good deeds remove the evil deeds.) This is saying that the performance of good deeds is an expiation of previous sins. This has been mentioned in a Hadith recorded by Imam Ahmad and the Sunan Compilers, that the Commander of the faithful, `Ali bin Abi Talib, said, "Whenever I used to hear a narration from the Messenger of Allah (), Allah would cause me to benefit by it however He willed. If anyone informed me of any statement that he said, I would make him swear (by Allah) that the Prophet said it. If he swore by Allah, then I would believe him. Abu Bakr once told me -- and Abu Bakr was truthful -- that he heard the Messenger of Allah say,
«مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يُذْنِبُ ذَنْبًا فَيَتَوَضَّأُ وَيُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ إِلَّا غُفِرَ لَه»
(There is not any Muslim who commits a sin, then he makes Wudu' and prays two units of prayer, except that he will be forgiven (that sin).) In the Two Sahihs it is recorded that the Commander of the faithful, `Uthman bin `Affan made Wudu' for the people (to see), just like the Wudu' of the Messenger of Allah . Then he said, "I saw the Messenger of Allah make Wudu' like this, and he said,
«مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ وُضُوئِي هَذَا ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ لَا يُحَدِّثُ فِيهِمَا نَفْسَهُ غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّم مِنْ ذَنْبِه»
(Whoever makes Wudu' like this Wudu' of mine, then he prays two units of prayer in which he does not speak to himself, he will be forgiven for his previous sins.) In the Sahih it is recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ أَنَّ بِبَابِ أَحَدِكُمْ نَهْرًا غَمْرًا، يَغْتَسِلُ فِيهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ، هَلْ يُبْقِي مِنْ دَرَنِهِ شَيْئًا؟»
(Do you think that if there was a flowing river at the door of anyone of you and he bathed in it five times every day, would there be any dirt left on him) They said, "No, O Messenger of Allah!'' He () said;
«كَذَلِكَ الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ يَمْحُو اللهُ بِهِنَّ الذُّنُوبَ وَالْخَطَايَا»
(This is like the five daily prayers, for Allah uses them to wipe away the sins and wrongdoings.) Muslim recorded in his Sahih that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah used to say,
«الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ، وَالْجُمُعَةُ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ، وَرَمَضَانُ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ، مُكَفِّرَاتٌ لِمَا بَيْنَهُنَّ مَا اجْتُنِبَتِ الْكَبَائِر»
(The five daily prayers, Jumu`ah (Friday prayer) to Jumu`ah and (the fast of) Ramadan to Ramadan are expiations for whatever sins were committed between them, as long as you stay away from the major sins.) Al-Bukhari recorded Ibn Mas`ud saying that a man kissed a woman (who was not his relative or wife). He then came to the Prophet and informed him about the incident. Thus, Allah revealed,
وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَوةَ طَرَفَىِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفاً مِّنَ الَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَـتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّـيِّئَـتِ
(And perform Salah, at the two ends of the day and in some hours of the night. Verily, the good deeds remove the evil deeds.)11:114 The man then said, "O Messenger of Allah, is this only for me'' The Prophet replied,
«لِجَمِيعِ أُمَّتِي كُلِّهِم»
(This is for all of my (Ummah) followers.) Al-Bukhari recorded this narration in the Book of Prayer as well and the Book of Tafsir. Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that a man came to `Umar and said that a woman came to do business with him. During the course of their business, he took her into his place and did everything with her except the actual act of sexual intercourse. `Umar said, "Woe unto you! She probably was a woman whose husband is away (fighting) in the path of Allah.'' The man said, "Of course she was.'' `Umar then said, "Go to Abu Bakr and ask him about this.'' The man went to Abu Bakr and asked him about the matter. Abu Bakr said, "She probably was a woman whose husband is away (fighting) in the path of Allah,'' just as `Umar had said. Then he went to the Prophet and told him the same story. The Prophet said,
«فَلَعَلَّهَا مُغِيبَةٌ فِي سَبِيلِ الله»
(She probably was a woman whose husband is away (fighting) in the path of Allah.) Then a verse of Qur'an was revealed,
وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَوةَ طَرَفَىِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفاً مِّنَ الَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَـتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّـيِّئَـتِ
(And perform the Salah, at the two ends of the day and in some hours of the night. Verily, the good deeds remove the evil deeds.) The man then said, "O Messenger of Allah! Is this verse only for me, or does it apply to all of the people in general'' `Umar then struck the man on his chest with his hand and said, "No, rather it is for all of the people in general.'' Then the Messenger of Allah said,
«صَدَقَ عُمَر»
(`Umar has spoken the truth.)
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