ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ اسْتَحَبُّوا الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ
That is because they preferred the worldly life over the Hereafter and that Allah does not guide the disbelieving people.
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(Call unto the way of thy Lord with wisdom and fair exhortation…) [16:125-127]. Abu Mansur Muhammadibn Muhammad al-Mansuri informed us> 'Ali ibn 'Umar al-Hafiz> 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz> al-Hakam ibn Musa> Isma'il ibn 'Ayyash> 'Abd al-Malik ibn Abi Ghaniyyah> al-Hakam ibn 'Utaybah>Mujahid> Ibn 'Abbas who said: “When the idolaters retreated from those who were killed at the Battle ofUhud, The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, went there and saw a scene which hestrongly disliked. And he also saw Hamzah with his stomach ripped open, nose burnt and ears cut off. Hesaid: 'If it were not for the fear of causing more grief to the women or that it becomes a followed practiceafter me, I would leave him until Allah, exalted is He, resurrect him from the bellies of predatory animalsand birds. I shall kill seventy men of them [of the disbelievers of Quraysh] in revenge', He then asked for amantle to cover him with it. When he covered his face, his feet remained uncovered and so he covered themwith some Bulrush. He then placed him forward and said 'Allah is the greatest' ten times. Then, all thoseMuslim dead were brought, one by one, while the body of Hamzah was unmoved from its place, and theProphet, Allah bless him and give him peace, prayed on them. And so He performed seventy prayers onHamzah. There were seventy Muslims who died in this battle. When they were buried and finished with,Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Call unto the way of thy Lord with wisdom and fair exhortation) up to Hiswords (Endure thou patiently (O Muhammad). Thine endurance is only by (the help of) Allah…) [16:127].And so, he was patient and did not mutilate any one”. Isma'il ibn Ibrahim al-Wa'iz informed us> Abu'l-'AbbasAhmad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Isa al-Hafiz> 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz> Bishr ibn al-Walid al-Kindi> Salih al-Murri> Sulayman al-Taymi> Abu 'Uthman al-Nahdi> Abu Hurayrah who said: “When theProphet, Allah bless him and give him peace, got closer to Hamzah, he saw that he was dead. Nothing thathe ever saw was more painful to his heart than that sight. He said: “By Allah, I will kill seventy of them inreturn!” This verse was then revealed (If ye punish, then punish with the like of that wherewith ye wereafflicted. But if ye endure patiently, verily it is better for the patient) [16:126]. Abu Hassan al-Muzakkiinformed us> Abu'l-'Abbas Muhammad ibn Ishaq> Musa ibn Ishaq> Yahya ibn 'Abd al-Hamid al-Humani>Qays ibn Abi Layla> al-Hakam> Muqassim> Ibn 'Abbas who reported that, on the day Hamzah was killedand mutilated, the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: “If I get my hand on theQuraysh I will mutilate seventy men of them. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (If ye punish, then punishwith the like of that wherewith ye were afflicted. But if ye endure patiently, verily it is better for the patient),upon which the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: 'I would rather be patient, OLord!' ” The commentators of the Qur'an said: “When the Muslims saw what the idolaters did to their deadat the Battle of Uhud in terms of ripping open their stomachs, cutting off their male organs and mutilatingthem in the most ugly way, they said: 'If Allah gives us a chance to get our hands on them, we will mutilatethem even worse than what they did; we shall maim them in a way that none of the Arabs did before to anyother Arab; and we shall do this and we shall do that'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give himpeace, stopped at the body of his paternal uncle Hamzah with his nose and ears amputated, his male organscut off and his stomach ripped open. Hind bint 'Utbah had taken a piece of his liver, chewed it andswallowed it but her stomach could not take it and she threw it up. When the Prophet, Allah bless him andgive him peace, heard of this, he said: 'She would have never entered hell if she did digest it; Hamzah is toonoble in the sight of Allah to allow any part of his body to enter hell'. When the Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, saw Hamzah [lying dead and mutilated], he had never seen, before that,anything which was more painful to his heart. And so he said: 'May Allah's mercy be on you; you were, asfar as I know, someone who kept his ties of kinship and did always good deeds. Had it not been for thegrieving of those who survived of your family, it would have pleased me to leave you as you are until youare resurrected [on the Day of Judgement] from different bellies. By Allah, if Allah, exalted is He, gives methe opportunity to lay my hand on them, I will mutilate seventy men of them, for what they did to you'. ButAllah, exalted is He, revealed (If ye punish, then punish with the like of that wherewith ye were afflicted. Butif ye endure patiently, verily it is better for the patient) and so the Prophet, Allah bless him and give himpeace, said: 'I would rather be patient', and then he made amends for the oath he had made”. Here, weneed to mention how Hamzah was killed. 'Amr ibn Abi 'Amr al-Muzakki informed us> Muhammad ibn Makki>Muhammad ibn Yusuf> Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Ju'fi> Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah> Hujayn ibnal-Muthanna> 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Abi Salamah. And we were informed by Muhammad ibnIbrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya> his father> Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Thaqafi> Sa'id ibn Yahya al-Umawi> his father> Muhammad ibn Ishaq> 'Abd Allah ibn al-Fadl ibn 'Ayyash ibn Abi Rabi'ah> Sulaymanibn Yasar> Ja'far ibn 'Amr ibn Umayyah al-Damri who said: “I travelled with 'Ubayd Allah ibn 'Adiyy ibn al-Khiyar through Hums. While we were there 'Ubayd Allah said to me: 'Do you wish to go to visit Wahshiyy toask him how he killed Hamzah'. I said: 'If you want to'. A man said to us: 'You will find him in the courtyardof his house; he is a man who is always drunk. However, if he is sober, he will speak in Arabic and youmight find what you are after'. When we got to him, we greeted him and he raised his head. We said: 'Wehave come to you to tell us about your killing of Hamzah, may Allah have mercy on him'. He said: 'I willrelate to you exactly what I related to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, when heasked me about the same. I was a slave of Jubayr ibn Mut'im ibn 'Adiyy ibn Nawfal whose uncle Tu'aymahibn 'Adiyy was killed at the Battle of Badr. When the Quraysh marched toward Uhud, Jubayr ibn Mut'im saidto me: 'You are free if you kill Hamzah, Muhammad's uncle, as a revenge for the killing of my uncleTu'aymah'. I went out with them. It is to be remembered that I am an Abyssinian who is expert in throwingspears, like all Abyssinians, and I never missed my target. When the two sides met, I went looking forHamzah until I saw him in the middle of the army, like a white-and-black camel, slaughtering people with hissword such that nothing stood in his way. By Allah, I was waiting for my moment, hiding behind a rock ortree, so that he drew closer to me, when Siba' ibn 'Abd al-'Uzza passed me and went toward him. WhenHamzah, may Allah have mercy on him, saw him, he called him: 'Here, O son of a cutter of clitoris!' Then hestruck him on the head and, by Allah, he did not miss. I moved my spear about until I felt comfortable andthrew it at him. It caught him in the lower abdomen and the spear came out from his feet. He made a movetoward me and then collapsed and I left him to die. I went toward him, retrieved my spear and joined thepeople at the camp. I did not want to kill anyone else, for I only killed him to gain my freedom. When I wentback to Mecca, I was emancipated. I stayed there until Islam spread throughout it upon which I travelled toal-Ta'if. In Ta'if, they sent emissaries to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, andmentioned that he does not harm emissaries. And so I went with them to the Messenger of Allah, Allah blesshim and give him peace. When he saw me, he said: 'Are you Wahshiyy?' and when I answered in theaffirmative, he asked again: 'You are the one who killed Hamzah?' I said: 'What happened is exactly as itwas related to you'. He said: 'Could you keep your face away from me?' I left. When the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, died and Musaylimah the liar emerged to the people, I thought to goand kill Musaylimah to cancel out my killing of Hamzah. I went out with people, and what happened to himis now known' ”.
مَن كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ مِن بَعْدِ إيمَـنِهِ إِلاَّ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالإِيمَـنِ وَلَـكِن مَّن شَرَحَ بِالْكُفْرِ صَدْرًا فَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ - ذلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ اسْتَحَبُّواْ الْحَيَوةَ الْدُّنْيَا عَلَى الاٌّخِرَةِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الْكَـفِرِينَ - أُولَـئِكَ الَّذِينَ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ وَسَمْعِهِمْ وَأَبْصَـرِهِمْ وَأُولَـئِكَ هُمُ الْغَـفِلُونَ - لاَ جَرَمَ أَنَّهُمْ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ هُمُ الْخَـسِرونَ
(106. Whoever disbelieves in Allah after his belief - except one who was forced while his heart is at peace with the faith - but whoever opens their breasts to disbelief, on them is wrath from Allah, and theirs will be a terrible torment.)
(107. That is because they preferred the life of this world over that of the Hereafter. And Allah does not guide the people who disbelieve.)
(108. They are those upon whose hearts, hearing (ears) and sight (eyes) Allah has set a seal over. And they are the heedless!)
(109. No doubt, in the Hereafter they will be the losers.)
Allah tells us that He is angry with them who willingly disbelieve in Him after clearly believing in Him, who open their hearts to disbelief finding peace in that, because they understood the faith yet they still turned away from it. They will suffer severe punishment in the Hereafter, because they preferred this life to the Hereafter, and they left the faith for the sake of this world and Allah did not guide their hearts and help them to stand firm in the true religion. He put a seal on their hearts so that they would not be able to understand what is beneficial for them, and He sealed their ears and eyes so that they would not benefit from them. Their faculties did not help them at all, so they are unaware of what is going to happen to them.
لاَ جَرَمَ
(No doubt) means, it is inevitable, and no wonder that those who are like this -
أَنَّهُمْ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ هُمُ الْخَـسِرونَ
(in the Hereafter, they will be the losers.) meaning, they will lose themselves and their families on the Day of Resurrection.
إِلاَّ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالإِيمَـنِ
(except one who was forced while his heart is at peace with the faith) This is an exception in the case of one who utters statements of disbelief and verbally agrees with the Mushrikin because he is forced to do so by the beatings and abuse to which he is subjected, but his heart refuses to accept what he is saying, and he is, in reality, at peace with his faith in Allah and His Messenger . The scholars agreed that if a person is forced into disbelief, it is permissible for him to either go along with them in the interests of self-preservation, or to refuse, as Bilal did when they were inflicting all sorts of torture on him, even placing a huge rock on his chest in the intense heat and telling him to admit others as partners with Allah. He refused, saying, "Alone, Alone.'' And he said, "By Allah, if I knew any word more annoying to you than this, I would say it.'' May Allah be pleased with him. Similarly, when the Liar Musaylimah asked Habib bin Zayd Al-Ansari, "Do you bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah'' He said, "Yes.'' Then Musaylimah asked, "Do you bear witness that I am the messenger of Allah'' Habib said, "I do not hear you.'' Musaylimah kept cutting him, piece by piece, but he remained steadfast insisting on his words. It is better and preferable for the Muslim to remain steadfast in his religion, even if that leads to him being killed, as was mentioned by Al-Hafiz Ibn `Asakir in his biography of `Abdullah bin Hudhafah Al-Sahmi, one of the Companions. He said that he was taken prisoner by the Romans, who brought him to their king. The king said, "Become a Christian, and I will give you a share of my kingdom and my daughter in marriage.'' `Abdullah said: "If you were to give me all that you possess and all that Arabs possess to make me give up the religion of Muhammad even for an instant, I would not do it.'' The king said, "Then I will kill you.'' `Abdullah said, "It is up to you.'' The king gave orders that he should be crucified, and commanded his archers to shoot near his hands and feet while ordering him to become a Christian, but he still refused. Then the king gave orders that he should be brought down, and that a big vessel made of copper be brought and heated up. Then, while `Abdullah was watching, one of the Muslim prisoners was brought out and thrown into it, until all that was left of him was scorched bones. The king ordered him to become a Christian, but he still refused. Then he ordered that `Abdullah be thrown into the vessel, and he was brought back to the pulley to be thrown in. `Abdullah wept, and the king hoped that he would respond to him, so he called him, but `Abdullah said, "I only weep because I have only one soul with which to be thrown into this vessel at this moment for the sake of Allah; I wish that I had as many souls as there are hairs on my body with which I could undergo this torture for the sake of Allah.'' According to some reports, the king imprisoned him and deprived him of food and drink for several days, then he sent him wine and pork, and he did not come near them. Then the king called him and asked him, "What stopped you from eating'' `Abdullah said, "It is permissible for me under these circumstances, but I did not want to give you the opportunity to gloat.'' The king said to him, "Kiss my head and I will let you go.'' `Abdullah said, "And will you release all the Muslim prisoners with me'' The king said, "Yes.'' So `Abdullah kissed his head and he released him and all the other Muslim prisoners he was holding. When he came back, `Umar bin Al-Khattab said, "Every Muslim should kiss the head of `Abdullah bin Hudhafah, and I will be the first to do so.'' And he stood up and kissed his head. May Allah be pleased with them both.
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