وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ ۖ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا وَمَا خَلْفَنَا وَمَا بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ ۚ وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيًّا
[Gabriel said], "And we [angels] descend not except by the order of your Lord. To Him belongs that before us and that behind us and what is in between. And never is your Lord forgetful -
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(We (angels) come not down save by commandment of thy Lord…) [19:64]. Isma'il ibn Ibrahim ibnMuhammad ibn Hamawayh informed us> Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ma'mar al-Shami> Ishaq ibn Muhammadibn Ishaq al-Rus'ani> his grandfather> al-Mughirah> 'Umar ibn Dharr> his father> Sa'id ibn Jubayr> Ibn'Abbas who said: “The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said [to Gabriel, peace beupon him]: 'O Gabriel, what prevents you from visiting us more often than you do?' And so this verse wasrevealed (We (angels) come not down save by commandment of thy Lord. Unto Him belongeth all that isbefore us and all that is behind us and all that is between those two, and thy Lord was never forgetful). Thiswas a response to Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace”. This wasnarrated by Bukhari from Abi Nu'aym from 'Umar ibn Dharr. Mujahid said: “The angel [Gabriel] took quite awhile to come to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace. When he finally came to himhe said: 'Did I take too long to come to you?' The Prophet said he did, upon which the angel said: 'Whyshould I not delay my coming when you [the community of the believers] do not polish your teeth by usingsmall sticks (siwak), do not cut your nails and do not clean the joints of your fingers'. And then he added(We (angels) come not down save by commandment of thy Lord…)”. 'Ikrimah, al-Dahhak, Qatadah, Muqatiland al-Kalbi said: “Gabriel, peace be upon him, failed to come to the Prophet, Allah bless him and give himpeace, when his people asked him about the people of the Cave, Dhu'l-Qarnayn and the Spirit. He did notknow what to answer them and was hoping that Gabriel, peace be upon him, would come to him with ananswer. When his coming was delayed, the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, wasvery aggrieved. When Gabriel, peace be upon him, finally came, the Prophet said to him: 'You delayed yourcoming so much that I had some misgivings, and I have missed you'. Gabriel, peace be upon him, said: 'Ihave missed you more but I am only a slave who obeys orders. When I am sent, I come; and when I amkept back, I remain where I am kept'. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (We (angels) come not down saveby commandment of thy Lord…)”.
وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلاَّ بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا وَمَا خَلْفَنَا وَمَا بَيْنَ ذلِكَ وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيّاً - رَّبُّ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فَاعْبُدْهُ وَاصْطَبِرْ لِعِبَادَتِهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيّاً
(64. And we descend not except by the command of your Lord. To Him belongs what is before us and what is behind us, and what is between those two; and your Lord is never forgetful.)
(65. Lord of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, so worship Him and abide patiently in His worship. Do you know of any who is similar to Him)
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah said to Jibril,
«مَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تَزُورَنَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا تَزُورُنَا؟»
(What prevents you from visiting us more than you do) Then this Ayah was revealed,
وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلاَّ بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ
(And we descend not except by the command of your Lord.) Al-Bukhari was alone in recording it and he related it with the Tafsir of this Ayah. Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "Jibril was kept from visiting the Messenger of Allah , so he was disturbed and grieved because of this. Then, Jibril came to him and said, `O Muhammad,
وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلاَّ بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ
(And we descend not except by the command of your Lord.)''' Allah said,
لَهُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا وَمَا خَلْفَنَا
(To Him belongs what is before us and what is behind us,) It has been said that the meaning of "what is before us'' refers to that which is in this life and "what is behind us'' refers to the Hereafter.
وَمَا بَيْنَ ذلِكَ
(and what is between those two;) This means what is between two blows of the Sur. This is the opinion of Abu Al-`Aliyah, `Ikrimah and Mujahid. This was also stated by Sa`id bin Jubayr and Qatadah in one narration from them. As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas held this opinion as well. It has also been said,
مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا
(what is before us) means the future matters of the Hereafter.
وَمَا خَلْفَنَا
(what is behind us,) means what has taken place in this life,
وَمَا بَيْنَ ذلِكَ
(what is between those two;) means what happens between this life and the Hereafter. A statement like this explanation has been reported from Ibn `Abbas, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, Ibn Jurayj and Ath-Thawri. Ibn Jarir also preferred this latter interpretation. And Allah knows best. Concerning Allah's statement,
وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيّاً
(and your Lord is never forgetful.) Mujahid said, "This means that your Lord has not forgotten you.'' Allah said,
رَّبُّ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا
(Lord of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them,) He created all of that, He is the Disposer of its affairs, He is the Legi- slator over it and He is in absolute control of it, having no one to oppose His decisions.
فَاعْبُدْهُ وَاصْطَبِرْ لِعِبَادَتِهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيّاً
(so worship Him and abide patiently in his worship. Do you know of any who is similar to Him) `Ali bin Abi Talhah related that Ibn `Abbas said that this means, "Do you know any comparison or some- thing similar to the Lord'' Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Qatadah, Ibn Jurayj and others all said the same. `Ikrimah related that Ibn `Abbas said, "There is no one named Ar-Rahman (the Most Beneficent) other than Him, Blessed and Exalted is He. Most Holy is His Name.''
وَيَقُولُ الإِنْسَـنُ أَإِذَا مَا مِتُّ لَسَوْفَ أُخْرَجُ حَيّاً - أَوَلاَ يَذْكُرُ إلإِنْسَـنُ أَنَّا خَلَقْنَاهُ مِن قَبْلُ وَلَمْ يَكُ شَيْئاً - فَوَرَبِّكَ لَنَحْشُرَنَّهُمْ وَالشَّيَـطِينَ ثُمَّ لَنُحْضِرَنَّهُمْ حَوْلَ جَهَنَّمَ جِثِيّاً
untuk dapat menambahkan tafsir
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Ayat ini sebagai jawaban kepada Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam saat Jibril lama tidak turun bertemu Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, lalu Beliau berkata kepada Jibril, âApa yang menghalangimu untuk berziarah (mengunjungi) kepada kami?â (sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Shahih Bukhari).
Yakni perkara-perkara yang akan datang atau perkara akhirat.
Yakni perkara-perkara yang telah lalu atau perkara dunia.
Yakni yang terjadi saat ini sampai hari kiamat, Dia mengetahui semua itu. Jika sudah jelas bahwa semua perkara milik Allah, dan bahwa kita adalah hamba yang diatur-Nya, maka masalahnya; apakah dikehendaki oleh hikmah ilahiyyah-Nya sehingga Dia mewujudkannya atau tidak sehingga Dia menundanya?
Maksudnya, melupakanmu dan membiarkanmu sebagaimana firman-Nya, âTuhanmu tidak meninggalkan kamu dan tidak (pula) benci kepadamu.â (Terj. Adh Dhuha: 3), Dia senantiasa memperhatikan kamu dan mengatur urusanmu. Oleh karena itu, apabila malaikat Kami tidak turun seperti biasanya, maka janganlah membuat hatimu sedih dan membuat risau pikiranmu. Ketahuilah, bahwa Allah menginginkan hal itu karena ada hikmah di dalamnya.
