وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ ۚ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ
And to Allah belongs the east and the west. So wherever you [might] turn, there is the Face of Allah. Indeed, Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing.
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(Unto Allah belong the East and the West…) [2:115]. There is a scholarly disagreement regarding theoccasion of revelation of this Qur'anic verse. Abu Mansur al-Mansuri informed us> al-Hafiz 'Ali ibn 'Umar>Abu Muhammad Isma'il ibn 'Ali> al-Hasan ibn 'Ali ibn Shabib al-'Umari> Ahmad ibn 'Ubayd Allah ibn al-Hasan al-'Anbari who said: “I found written in my father's epistle: 'Abd al-Malik al-'Arzami narrated to us>'Ata' ibn Rabah> Jabir ibn 'Abd al-Malik who said: 'The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give himpeace, sent a military expedition in which I was present. It was dark and so we could not determine theprecise direction of the qiblah. Some of us said: we know the exact direction; it is toward the North. Theyprayed and drew lines. Some others said: the qiblah is toward the South. They prayed and drew lines. Whenit was morning and the sun had risen up, they discovered that their lines were pointed to a differentdirection to that of the qiblah. When we returned from our journey we asked the Prophet, Allah bless himand give him peace, about this but he did not give us an answer. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed thisverse (Unto Allah belong the East and the West…)' ”. Abu Mansur informed us> 'Ali> Yahya ibnSa'id>Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Ahmasi> Waki'> Ash'ath al-Samman> 'Asim ibn 'Ubayd Allah> 'Abd Allahibn 'Amir ibn Rabi'ah> his father who said: “We were praying with the Prophet, Allah bless him and give himpeace, while on a journey. And because it was a dark night we could not determine the precise direction ofthe qiblah. Each man prayed toward whichever direction he thought was right. In the following morning, wementioned what had happened to the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and then the verse(Unto Allah belong the East and the West…) was revealed”. Ibn 'Umar is of the opinion that the above verseis about voluntary offering of supererogatory prayers. Abu'l-Qasim ibn Sa'dan informed us> Muhammad ibn'Abd Allah al-Hafiz> Muhammad ibn Ya'qub> Abu'l-Bukhturi 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Shakir> AbuUsamah> 'Abd al-Malik ibn Sulayman> Sa'id ibn Jubayr> Ibn 'Umar who said: “The verses (Unto Allahbelong the East and the West…) was revealed so that one prays toward whatever direction one's mountdirects one upon offering supererogatory prayer”. Said Ibn 'Abbas, according to the narration of 'Ata': “Whenthe Negus died, Gabriel came to the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: 'The Negus hasdied, so perform the prayer of the dead over him'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give himpeace, summoned his Companions, aligned them in rows, went to the front and said: 'Allah has commandedme to perform the prayer of the dead over the Negus who has died, so do pray over him'. And theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and his Companions prayed over him. TheCompanions of the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said in between themselves:'How could we possibly pray over a man who prayed toward other than our own qiblah', this is because theNegus prayed toward Jerusalem which was the qiblah until he died but which was subsequently changedtoward the Ka'bah. Allah, exalted is He, therefore, revealed this verse (… and whithersoever ye turn, there isAllah's Countenance…)”. Qatadah, on the other hand, is of the opinion that the above verse was abrogatedby the saying of Allah, exalted is He (wheresoever ye may be, turn your faces (when ye pray) toward it)[2:144]. This is also the opinion of Ibn 'Abbas, according to the report of 'Ata' al-Khurasani. He also said:“The first of the Qur'an to be abrogated is the question of the qiblah. Allah, exalted is He, says (Unto Allahbelong the East and the West and whithersoever ye turn, there is Allah's Countenance). Thus, Allah'sMessenger, Allah bless him and give him peace, prayed toward Jerusalem and left praying toward theAncient House. Then, Allah directed him to pray toward the Ancient House”. He said: “And in the report of'Ali ibn Abi Talhah al-Walibi that when Allah's Messenger, Allah bless him and give him peace, migrated toMedina which was mainly populated by the Jews, Allah commanded him to pray toward Jerusalem. The Jewswere happy. He prayed toward this direction over thirteen months. But the Messenger of Allah, Allah blesshim and give him peace, liked the qiblah of Abraham. So when Allah, exalted is He, directed him to it, theJews felt uncomfortable and said: (What hath turned them from the qiblah which they formerly observed?)[2:142], Allah, exalted is He, revealed: (whithersoever ye turn, there is Allah's Countenance)”.
وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّواْ فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ
(115. And to Allah belong the east and the west, so wherever you turn (yourselves or your faces) there is the Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne). Surely, Allah is Sufficient (for His creatures' needs), Knowing.)
This ruling brought comfort to the Messenger of Allah and his Companions, who were driven out of Makkah and had to depart from the area of Al-Masjid Al-Haram. In Makkah, the Messenger of Allah used to pray in the direction of Bayt Al-Maqdis, while the Ka`bah was between him and the Qiblah. When the Messenger migrated to Al-Madinah, he faced Bayt Al-Maqdis for sixteen or seventeen months, and then Allah directed him to face Al-Ka`bah in prayer. This is why Allah said,
وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّواْ فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ
(And to Allah belong the east and the west, so wherever you turn (yourselves or your faces) there is the Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne)). `Ali bin Abi Talhah said that Ibn `Abbas said, "The first part of the Qur'an that was abrogated was about the Qiblah. When the Messenger of Allah migrated to Al-Madinah, which was inhabited by the Jews, he was at first commanded to face Bayt Al-Maqdis. The Jews were happy, and the Messenger of Allah faced Bayt Al-Maqdis for some ten months. However, the Messenger of Allah liked to face the Qiblah of Ibrahim (Al-Ka`bah at Makkah), and he used to look to the sky and supplicate. So Allah revealed,
قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَآءِ
(Verily, We have seen the turning of your (Muhammad's) face towards the heaven) until,
فَوَلُّواْ وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ
(turn your faces (in prayer) in that direction) (2:144). The Jews were disturbed by this development and said, `What made them change the direction of the Qiblah that they used to face' Allah revealed,
قُل لّلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ
(Say (O Muhammad ): "To Allah belong both, east and the west'') and,
فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّواْ فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ
(So wherever you turn (yourselves or your faces) there is the Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne)).'' `Ikrimah said that Ibn `Abbas said,
فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّواْ فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ
(So wherever you turn (yourselves or your faces) there is the Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne)) means, "Allah's direction is wherever you face, east or west.'' Mujahid said that,
فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّواْ فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ
(So wherever you turn (yourselves or your faces) there is the Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne)) means, "Wherever you may be, you have a Qiblah to face, that is, Al-Ka`bah.'' However, it was said that Allah sent down this Ayah before the order to face the Ka`bah. Ibn Jarir said, "Others said that this Ayah was revealed to the Messenger of Allah permitting the one praying voluntary prayers to face wherever they wish in the east or west, while traveling, when in fear and when facing the enemy.'' For instance, Ibn `Umar used to face whatever direction his animal was headed and proclaim that the Messenger of Allah did the same, explaining the Ayah,
فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّواْ فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ
(So wherever you turn (yourselves or your faces) there is the Face of Allah).'' That Hadith was also collected by Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Marduwyah, and its origin is in the Two Sahihs from Ibn `Umar and `Amr bin Rabi`ah without mentioning the Ayah. In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded that Nafi` said that whenever Ibn `Umar was asked about the prayer during times of fear, he used to describe it and would then say, "When the sense of fear is worse than that, pray while standing, or while riding, whether facing the Qiblah or not.'' Nafi` then said, "I think Ibn `Umar mentioned that from the Prophet .'' It was also said that the Ayah was revealed about those who are unable to find the correct direction of the Qiblah in the dark or due to cloudy skies and, thus, prayed in a direction other than the Qiblah by mistake.
In his Tafsir of this Ayah (2:115), Al-Hafiz Ibn Marduwyah recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«مَا بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ قِبْلَةٌ لِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَأَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَأَهْلِ الْعِرَاق»
(What is between the east and the west is the Qiblah for the people of Al-Madinah, Ash-Sham and `Iraq.) At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah recorded this Hadith with the wording,
«مَا بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ قِبْلَة»
(What is between the east and the west is a Qiblah.) Ibn Jarir said, "The meaning of Allah's statement;
إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ
(Surely, Allah is Sufficient (for His creatures' needs), Knowing) is that Allah encompasses all His Creation by providing them with sufficient needs and by His generosity and favor. His statement,
(Knowing) means He is knowledgeable of their deeds and nothing escapes His watch, nor is He unaware of anything. Rather, His knowledge encompasses everything.''
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