إِذْ تَمْشِي أُخْتُكَ فَتَقُولُ هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَكْفُلُهُ ۖ فَرَجَعْنَاكَ إِلَىٰ أُمِّكَ كَيْ تَقَرَّ عَيْنُهَا وَلَا تَحْزَنَ ۚ وَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا فَنَجَّيْنَاكَ مِنَ الْغَمِّ وَفَتَنَّاكَ فُتُونًا ۚ فَلَبِثْتَ سِنِينَ فِي أَهْلِ مَدْيَنَ ثُمَّ جِئْتَ عَلَىٰ قَدَرٍ يَا مُوسَىٰ
[And We favored you] when your sister went and said, 'Shall I direct you to someone who will be responsible for him?' So We restored you to your mother that she might be content and not grieve. And you killed someone, but We saved you from retaliation and tried you with a [severe] trial. And you remained [some] years among the people of Madyan. Then you came [here] at the decreed time, O Moses.
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قَالَ قَدْ أُوتِيتَ سُؤْلَكَ يمُوسَى - وَلَقَدْ مَنَنَّا عَلَيْكَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى - إِذْ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَى أُمِّكَ مَا يُوحَى - أَنِ اقْذِفِيهِ فِى التَّابُوتِ فَاقْذِفِيهِ فِى الْيَمِّ فَلْيُلْقِهِ الْيَمُّ بِالسَّاحِلِ يَأْخُذْهُ عَدُوٌّ لِّى وَعَدُوٌّ لَّهُ وَأَلْقَيْتُ عَلَيْكَ مَحَبَّةً مِّنِّى وَلِتُصْنَعَ عَلَى عَيْنِى إِذْ تَمْشِى أُخْتُكَ فَتَقُولُ هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى مَن يَكْفُلُهُ فَرَجَعْنَـكَ إِلَى أُمِّكَ كَى تَقَرَّ عَيْنُها وَلاَ تَحْزَنَ وَقَتَلْتَ نَفْساً فَنَجَّيْنَـكَ مِنَ الْغَمِّ وَفَتَنَّـكَ فُتُوناً
(36. (Allah) said: "You are granted your request, O Musa!'')
(37. "And indeed We conferred a favor on you another time (before).'')
(38. "When We inspired your mother with that which We inspired.'')
(39. "Saying:
Put him (the child) into the Tabut and put it into the river; then the river shall cast it up on the bank, and there, an enemy of Mine and an enemy of his shall take him.' And I endued you with love from Me, in order that you may be brought up under My Eye.'')
(40. "When your sister went and said:
Shall I show you one who will nurse him' So We restored you to your mother, that she might cool her eyes and she should not grieve. Then you did kill a man, but We saved you from great distress and tried you with a heavy trial.'')
This is a response from Allah to His Messenger, Musa, for what he requested from His Lord. It also contains a reminder of Allah's previous favors upon him. The first was inspiring his mother when she was breastfeeding him and she feared that Fir`awn and his chiefs would kill him. Musa was born during a year in which they (Fir`awn's people) were killing all of the male children. So she placed him in a case and cast him into the river. The river carried him away and she became grieved and distressed, as Allah mentioned about her when He said,
وَأَصْبَحَ فُؤَادُ أُمِّ مُوسَى فَارِغاً إِن كَادَتْ لَتُبْدِى بِهِ لَوْلا أَن رَّبَطْنَا عَلَى قَلْبِهَا
(And the heart of the mother of Musa became empty. She was very near to disclose his (case) had We not strengthened her heart.) 28:10 So the river carried him to the home of Fir`awn.
فَالْتَقَطَهُ ءَالُ فِرْعَوْنَ لِيَكُونَ لَهُمْ عَدُوّاً وَحَزَناً
(Then the people of Fir`awn picked him up, that he might become for them an enemy and a (cause of ) grief.) 28:8 Means that this was a destined matter, decreed by Allah. They were killing the male children of the Israelites for fear of Musa's arrival. Therefore, with Allah having the great authority and the most perfect power, He determined that Musa would not be raised except upon Fir`awn's own bed. He would be sustained by Fir`awn's food and drink, while receiving the love of Fir`awn and his wife. This is why Allah said,
يَأْخُذْهُ عَدُوٌّ لِّى وَعَدُوٌّ لَّهُ وَأَلْقَيْتُ عَلَيْكَ مَحَبَّةً مِّنِّى
(and there, an enemy of Mine and an enemy of his shall take him. And I endued you with love from Me,) This means that I made your enemy love you. Salamah bin Kuhayl said,
وَأَلْقَيْتُ عَلَيْكَ مَحَبَّةً مِّنِّى
(And I endued you with love from Me,) "This means, `I made My creatures love you.' ''
وَلِتُصْنَعَ عَلَى عَيْنِى
(in order that you may be brought up under My Eye.) Abu `Imran Al-Jawni said, "This means, `You will be raised under Allah's Eye.' '' Concerning Allah's statement,
إِذْ تَمْشِى أُخْتُكَ فَتَقُولُ هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى مَن يَكْفُلُهُ فَرَجَعْنَـكَ إِلَى أُمِّكَ كَى تَقَرَّ عَيْنُها
(When your sister went and said: `Shall I show you one who will nurse him' So We restored you to your mother, that she might cool her eyes) When he was accepted into the house of Fir`awn, women were brought in attempts to find someone who might be able to nurse him. But he refused to breast feed from any of them. Allah, the Exalted, says,
وَحَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْمَرَاضِعَ مِن قَبْلُ
(And We had already forbidden (other) foster suckling mothers for him) 28:12 Then, his sister came and said,
هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ يَكْفُلُونَهُ لَكُمْ وَهُمْ لَهُ نَـصِحُونَ
(Shall I direct you to a household who will rear him for you, and look after him in a good manner) 28:12 She meant, "Shall I guide you to someone who can nurse him for you for a fee'' So she took him and they went with her to his real mother. When her breast was presented to him, he took it and they (Fir`awn's family) were extremely happy for this. Thus, they hired her to nurse him and she achieved great happiness and comfort because of him, in this life and even more so in the Hereafter. Allah, the Exalted, says here,
فَرَجَعْنَـكَ إِلَى أُمِّكَ كَى تَقَرَّ عَيْنُها وَلاَ تَحْزَنَ
(So We restored you to your mother, that she might cool her eyes and she should not grieve.) This means that she should not grieve over you.
وَقَتَلْتَ نَفْساً
(Then you killed man,) This means that he killed a Coptic person (the people of Egypt, Fir`awn's people).
فَنَجَّيْنَـكَ مِنَ الْغَمِّ
(but We saved you from great distress) This is what he was feeling due to Fir`awn's family intending to kill him. So he fled from them until he came to the water of the people of Madyan. This is when the righteous man said to him,
لاَ تَخَفْ نَجَوْتَ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّـلِمِينَ
(Fear you not. You have escaped from the people who are wrongdoers.) 28:25
إِذْ تَمْشِى أُخْتُكَ فَتَقُولُ هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى مَن يَكْفُلُهُ فَرَجَعْنَـكَ إِلَى أُمِّكَ كَى تَقَرَّ عَيْنُها وَلاَ تَحْزَنَ وَقَتَلْتَ نَفْساً فَنَجَّيْنَـكَ مِنَ الْغَمِّ وَفَتَنَّـكَ فُتُوناً فَلَبِثْتَ سِنِينَ فِى أَهْلِ مَدْيَنَ ثُمَّ جِئْتَ عَلَى قَدَرٍ يمُوسَى - وَاصْطَنَعْتُكَ لِنَفْسِى - اذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَأَخُوكَ بِـَايَـتِى وَلاَ تَنِيَا فِى ذِكْرِى - اذْهَبَآ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُ طَغَى - فَقُولاَ لَهُ قَوْلاً لَّيِّناً لَّعَلَّهُ يَتَذَكَّرُ أَوْ يَخْشَى
(40. Then you stayed a number of years with the people of Madyan. Then you came here according to the fixed term which I ordained (for you), O Musa!)
(41. And I have chosen you for Myself.)
(42. Go you and your brother with My Ayat, and do not, you both, slacken and become weak in My remembrance.)
(43. Go both of you to Fir
awn, verily, he has transgressed.)
(44. And speak to him mildly, perhaps he may accept admonition or fear (Allah).)
Allah, the Exalted, says in His address to Musa that he had lived among the people of Madyan, avoiding Fir`awn and his chiefs. He worked as a shepherd for his father-in-law until the appointed time for his work ended. Then he met the decree of Allah and His predetermined will, without him having any set appointment. This entire situation was under the control of Allah, Blessed be He, the Most High. He compels His servants and His creatures to whatever end He wills. This is why Allah says,
ثُمَّ جِئْتَ عَلَى قَدَرٍ يمُوسَى
(Then You came here according to the fixed term which I ordained (for you), O Musa!) Mujahid said, "For a set appointment.'' `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Ma`mar reported from Qatadah that he said,
ثُمَّ جِئْتَ عَلَى قَدَرٍ يمُوسَى
(Then You came here according to the fixed term which I ordained (for you), O Musa!) "For the decree of messengership and prophethood.'' Concerning Allah's statement,
وَاصْطَنَعْتُكَ لِنَفْسِى
(And I have chosen you for Myself.) This means, "I have chosen you and selected you to be a Messenger for Myself. This is as I wish and according to My will.'' Concerning the Tafsir of this Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«الْتَقَى آدَمُ وَمُوسَى فَقَالَ مُوسَى: أَنْتَ الَّذِي أَشْقَيْتَ النَّاسَ وَأَخْرَجْتَهُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، فَقَالَ آدَمُ: وَأَنْتَ الَّذِي اصْطَفَاكَ اللهُ بِرِسَالَتِهِ وَاصْطَفَاكَ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ التَّوْرَاةَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَوَجَدْتَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عَلَيَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَنِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَحَجَّ آدَمُ مُوسَى»
(Adam and Musa met, and Musa said, "You are the one who made things difficult for mankind and you caused them to be evicted from Paradise.'' Adam said, "Are you the one whom Allah chose for His Message, and He selected you for Himself and He revealed the Tawrah to you'' Musa replied, "Yes.'' Then Adam said, "Did you find that it was preordained upon me before He (Allah) created me'' Musa replied, "Yes.'' Therefore, Adam defeated Musa's argument.) Both Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded this narration. Concerning Allah's statement,
اذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَأَخُوكَ بِـَايَـتِى
(Go you and your brother with My Ayat,) This means with My proofs, evidences and miracles.
وَلاَ تَنِيَا فِى ذِكْرِى
(And do not, you both, slacken and become weak in My remembrance.) `Ali bin Abi Talhah related from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "This means do not be slow.'' Mujahid reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "This means do not be weak.'' The meaning here is that they should not slacken in the remembrance of Allah. Rather, they both should remember Allah during their meeting with Fir`awn so that the remembrance of Allah can be an aid for them against him. The remembrance of Allah would be their strength and their power that would defeat him. Allah's statement;
اذْهَبَآ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُ طَغَى
(Go both of you to Fir`awn, Verily, he has transgressed.) means that he has rebelled and become haughty and insolent against Allah and he has disobeyed Him.
فَقُولاَ لَهُ قَوْلاً لَّيِّناً لَّعَلَّهُ يَتَذَكَّرُ أَوْ يَخْشَى
(And speak to him mildly, perhaps he may accept admonition or fear (Allah).) This Ayah contains a great lesson. Even though Fir`awn was the most insolent and arrogant of people and Musa was the friend of Allah among His creation at that time, Musa was still commanded to speak to Fir`awn with mildness and softness. Therefore, their invitation to him was with gentle, soft and easy speech that is used by one who is a close friend. This is so that the message may have more effect on the souls, and so it would have deeper and more beneficial results. This is as Allah, the Exalted, says,
ادْعُ إِلِى سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَجَـدِلْهُم بِالَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ
(Invite (mankind) to the way of your Lord with wisdom and fair preaching, and argue with them in a way that is better.) 16:125 Concerning Allah's statement,
لَّعَلَّهُ يَتَذَكَّرُ أَوْ يَخْشَى
(perhaps he may accept admonition or fear (Allah). ) This means that perhaps he will recant from that which he is in of misguidance and destruction,
أَوْ يَخْشَى
(or he will fear) meaning that he will become obedient due to fear of Allah. This is as Allah says,
لِّمَنْ أَرَادَ أَن يَذَّكَّرَ أَوْ أَرَادَ شُكُوراً
(For such who desires to remember or desires to show his gratitude.) 25:62 Thus, to remember means to recant from that which is dangerous, and fear means to attain obedience.
untuk dapat menambahkan tafsir
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Agar ia dapat mengetahui keadaan Musa. Ketika itu, para ibu yang siap menyusukan dihadirkan, namun Musa menolak menyusu kepada salah seorang di antara mereka, lalu saudara perempuannya berkata sebagaimana yang disebutkan dalam ayat di atas.
Yang dibunuh Musa âalaihis salam ini ialah seorang bangsa Qibthi yang sedang berkelahi dengan seorang Bani Israil, sebagaimana yang dikisahkan dalam surah Al Qashash ayat 15. Setelah itu Musa âalaihis salam berdoa dan meminta ampunan kepada Allah, maka Allah mengampuninya, lalu Musa pergi menyelamatkan diri ketika mendengar bahwa para pembesar negeri hendak menangkapnya untuk dibunuh, maka Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala menyelamatkan Beliau dari kemalangan akibat membunuh dan dari pembunuhan yang direncanakan ole para pembesar negeri.
Yakni ternyata engkau tetap istiqamah di atas keadaanmu yang baik.
Nabi Musa âalaihis salam datang ke negeri Mad-yan untuk menyelamatkan diri, di sana Beliau dikawinkan oleh seorang hamba yang saleh (menurut sebagian ahli sejarah, bahwa ia adalah Nabi Syuâaib, namun yang lain tidak berpendapat demikian) dengan salah seorang puterinya dan menetap sepuluh tahun di sana.
Yakni ditetapkan dalam ilmu-Nya untuk datang ke lembah Thuwa menerima wahyu dan kerasulan, yaitu pada saat usia Beliau 40 tahun. Hal ini menunjukkan perhatian Allah kepada Nabi Musa âalaihis salam.
