إِلَّا مَنْ تَابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا فَأُولَٰئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ اللَّهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ حَسَنَاتٍ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا
Except for those who repent, believe and do righteous work. For them Allah will replace their evil deeds with good. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.
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(And those who cry not unto any other god along with Allah…) [25:68-70]. Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘alibi informedus> al-Hasan ibn Ahmad al-Makhladi> al-Mu’ammil ibn al-Hasan ibn ‘Isa> al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah al-Za‘farani> Hajjaj> Ibn Jurayj> Ya‘la ibn Muslim> Sa‘id ibn Jubayr> Ibn ‘Abbas who said: “Someidolaters who had committed many murders and fornicated numerous times went to the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: ‘What you say and call for is good, if only you could inform uswhether there is any expiation for the things we have committed’. As a response, this verse was revealed(And those who cry not unto any other god along with Allah) up to His words (Allah is ever Forgiving,Merciful) [25:70]”. This was narrated by Muslim> Ibrahim ibn Dinar> Hajjaj. Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibnYahya al-Muzakki informed us> his father> Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Thaqafi> Ibrahim al-Hanzali andMuhammad ibn al-Sabbah> Jarir> Mansur and al-A‘mash> Abu Wa’il> ‘Amr ibn Shurahbil> Abu Maysarah>‘Abd Allah ibn Mas‘ud who said: “I asked the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace: ‘Whatis the greatest sin?’ He said: ‘It is to ascribe an equal to Allah when it is Him Who has created you’. I asked:‘What comes after that?’ he said: ‘It is to kill your child for fear that he might compete with you over food’. Iasked: ‘What comes after that?’ he said: ‘It is to commit adultery with the wife of your neighbour’. Allah,exalted is He, then revealed these verses to confirm his answers (And those who cry not unto any other godalong with Allah, nor take the life which Allah hath forbidden save in (course of) justice, nor commitadultery…)”. This was narrated by Bukhari> Musaddid> Yahya and also by Muslim> ‘Uthman ibn AbiShaybah> Jarir. Abu Bakr ibn al-Harith informed us> ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ja‘far> Ahmad ibnMuhammad ibn Ibrahim> Isma‘il ibn Ishaq> al-Haruth ibn al-Zubayr> Abu Rashid, the client of al-Lahibiyyin> Sa‘id ibn Salim al-Qaddah> Ibn Jurayh> ‘Ata’> Ibn ‘Abbas who said: “Wahshiyy went to theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: ‘I came to you seeking sanctuary; sogrant me sanctuary in order that I can hear the speech of Allah’. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless himand give him peace, said to him: ‘I had wished to see you without sanctuary, but since you have asked mefor sanctuary, you are in my sanctuary until you hear the speech of Allah’. Wahshiyy said: ‘I have associatedothers with Allah, killed souls which Allah, exalted is He, has made forbidden and committed adultery. DoesAllah accept my repentance?’ The Messenger of Allah, exalted is He, did not answer him and then the verse(And those who cry not unto any other god along with Allah, nor take the life which Allah hath forbiddensave in (course of) justice, nor commit adultery…) was revealed. The Prophet recited it to Wahshiyy but thelatter said: ‘I see here a condition; it is possible that I may not do any righteous works. I will stay in yoursanctuary so that I can hear the speech of Allah, exalted is He’. The verse: (Lo! Allah forgiveth not that apartner should be ascribed unto Him. He forgiveth (all) save that to whom He will) [4:48] was then revealed.Wahshiyy was summoned and the verse was recited to him. He said: ‘I could be among (save that to whomHe will). I will remain in your sanctuary so that I can hear the speech of Allah’. The verse (Say: O My slaveswho have been prodigal to their own hurt! Despair not of the mercy of Allah…) [39:53] was then revealed,upon which Wahshiyy said: ‘Yes, now I do not see any conditions’, and so he embraced Islam”.
وَالَّذِينَ لاَ يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَـهَا ءَاخَرَ وَلاَ يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِى حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ وَلاَ يَزْنُونَ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثَاماً - يُضَـعَفْ لَهُ الْعَذَابُ يَوْمَ الْقِيـمَةِ وَيَخْلُدْ فِيهِ مُهَاناً - إِلاَّ مَن تَابَ وَءَامَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلاً صَـلِحاً فَأُوْلَـئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ اللَّهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ حَسَنَـتٍ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً - وَمَن تَابَ وَعَمِلَ صَـلِحاً فَإِنَّهُ يَتُوبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَتاباً
(68. And those who invoke not any other god along with Allah, nor kill such person as Allah has forbidden, except for just cause, nor commit illegal sexual intercourse -- and whoever does this shall receive Athama.)
(69. The torment will be doubled for him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide therein in disgrace;)
(70. Except those who repent and believe, and do righteous deeds; for those, Allah will change their sins into good deeds, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
(71. And whosoever repents and does righteous good deeds; then indeed he has repented to Allah Mataba.)
Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was asked which sin is the most serious'' He said:
«أَنْ تَجْعَلَ للهِ نِدًّا وَهُوَ خَلَقَك»
(That you appoint a rival to Allah when He has created you.) He asked, "Then what'' He said:
«أَنْ تَقْتُلَ وَلَدَكَ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَطْعَمَ مَعَك»
(That you kill your child for fear that he may eat with you.) He said, "Then what'' He said:
«أَنْ تُزَانِي حَلِيلَةَ جَارِك»
(That you commit adultery with your neighbor's wife.) `Abdullah said, "Then Allah revealed, confirming that:
وَالَّذِينَ لاَ يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَـهَا ءَاخَرَ
(And those who invoke not any other god along with Allah....)'' This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i, and by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. It was narrated that Sa`id bin Jubayr heard Ibn `Abbas saying that some of the people of Shirk killed a great deal and committed Zina a great deal, then they came to Muhammad and said: "What you are saying and calling people to is good, if only you would tell us that there is a way to expiate for what we have done.'' Then the Ayah:
وَالَّذِينَ لاَ يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَـهَا ءَاخَرَ
(And those who invoke not any other god along with Allah...) was revealed, as was the Ayah,
قُلْ يعِبَادِىَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُواْ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ
(Say: "O My servants who have transgressed against themselves!'') (39:53).
وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثَاماً
(and whoever does this shall receive Athama.) It was recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr said: "Athama is a valley in Hell.'' `Ikrimah also said that Athama refers to valleys in Hell in which those who commit unlawful sexual acts will be punished. This was also narrated from Sa`id bin Jubayr and Mujahid. As-Suddi said that Athama referred to punishment, which is closer to the apparent meaning of the Ayah. This interpretation makes it interchangeable with what comes next, the Ayah:
يُضَـعَفْ لَهُ الْعَذَابُ يَوْمَ الْقِيـمَةِ
(The torment will be doubled for him on the Day of Resurrection,) i.e., repetitive and intensified.
وَيَخْلُدْ فِيهِ مُهَاناً
(and he will abide therein in disgrace;) scorned and humiliated.
إِلاَّ مَن تَابَ وَءَامَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلاً صَـلِحاً
(Except those who repent and believe, and do righteous deeds;) means, those who do these evil deeds will be punished in the manner described,
إِلاَّ مَن تَابَ
(Except those who repent), that is; those who repent in this world to Allah from all of those deeds, for then Allah will accept their repentance. This is evidence that the repentance of the murderer is acceptable, and there is no contradiction between this and the Ayah in Surat An-Nisa':
وَمَن يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِناً مُّتَعَمِّداً
(And whoever kills a believer intentionally) (4:93), because even though this was revealed in Al-Madinah, the meaning is general, and it could be interpreted to refer to one who does not repent, because this Ayah states that forgiveness is only for those who repent. Moreover Allah says:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ
(Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him, but He forgives except that to whom He wills) (4:48). And in the authentic Sunnah, it is reported from the Messenger of Allah that the repentance of a murderer is acceptable, as was stated in the story of the person who killed one hundred men and then repented, and Allah accepted his repentance, and other Hadiths.
فَأُوْلَـئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ اللَّهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ حَسَنَـتٍ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً
(for those, Allah will change their sins into good deeds, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:
«إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُ آخِرَ أَهْلِ النَّارِ خُرُوجًا مِنَ النَّارِ، وَآخِرَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ دُخُولًا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ، يُؤْتَى بِرَجُلٍ فَيَقُولُ: نَحُّوا عَنْهُ كِبَارَ ذُنُوبِهِ وَسَلُوهُ عَنْ صِغَارِهَا، قَالَ: فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: عَمِلْتَ يَوْمَ كَذَا، كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَعَمِلْتَ يَوْمَ كَذَا، كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَيَقُولُ: نَعَمْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُنْكِرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا، فَيُقَالُ: فَإِنَّ لَكَ بِكُلِّ سَيِّئَةٍ حَسَنَةً، فَيَقُولُ: يَا رَبِّ عَمِلْتُ أَشْيَاءَ لَا أَرَاهَا ههُنَا»
(I know the last person who will be brought forth from Hell, and the last person who will enter Paradise. A man will be brought and it will be said, "Take away his major sins and ask him about his minor sins.'' So it will be said to him: "On such and such a day, you did such and such, and on such and such a day, you did such and such.'' He will say, "Yes, and he will not be able to deny anything.'' Then it will be said to him: "For every evil deed you now have one good merit.'' He will say: "O Lord, I did things that I do not see here.'') He (Abu Dharr) said: "And the Messenger of Allah smiled so broadly that his molars could be seen.'' Muslim recorded it. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu Jabir heard Makhul say, "A very old man with sunken eyes came and said, `O Messenger of Allah, a man betrayed others and did immoral deeds, and there was no evil deed which he did not do. If (his sins) were to be distributed among the whole of mankind, they would all be doomed. Is there any repentance for him'' The Messenger of Allah said:
(Have you become Muslim) He said, "As for me, I bear witness that there is no God but Allah Alone, with no partner or associate, and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.'' The Prophet said:
«فَإِنَّ اللهَ غَافِرٌ لَكَ مَا كُنْتَ كَذَلِكَ، وَمُبَدِّلُ سَيِّئَاتِكَ حَسَنَات»
(Allah will forgive you for whatever you have done like that, and will replace your evil deeds with good merits.) The man said: "O Messenger of Allah, even my betrayals and immoral actions'' The Prophet said:
«وَغَدَرَاتُكَ وَفَجَرَاتُك»
(Even your betrayals and immoral actions.) "The man went away saying `La ilaha illallah' and `Allahu Akbar.''' Allah tells us how His mercy extends to all His creatrues, and that whoever among them repents to Him, He will accept his repentance for any sin, great or small. Allah says:
وَمَن تَابَ وَعَمِلَ صَـلِحاً فَإِنَّهُ يَتُوبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَتاباً
(And whosoever repents and does righteous good deeds; then indeed he has repented to Allah Mataba.) meaning, Allah will accept his repentance. This is like the Ayat:
وَمَن يَعْمَلْ سُوءاً أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ يَجِدِ اللَّهَ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً
(And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but afterwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful) (4:110).
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ
(Know they not that Allah accepts repentance from His servants...) (9:104).
قُلْ يعِبَادِىَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُواْ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ لاَ تَقْنَطُواْ مِن رَّحْمَةِ اللَّهِ
(Say: "O My servants who have transgressed against themselves! Despair not of the mercy of Allah.'') (39:53) - for those who repent to Him.
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Imam Bukhari meriwayatkan dengan sanadnya yang sampai kepada Saâid bin Jubair, ia berkata, âAbdurrahman bin Abzaa memerintahkan aku dengan mengatakan, âBertanyalah kepada Ibnu Abbas tentang kedua ayat ini, apa perkara kedua (orang yang disebut dalam ayat tersebut)?â Yaitu ayat, âDan janganlah kamu membunuh jiwa yang diharamkan Allah (membunuhnya), melainkan dengan suatu (alasan) yang benarâ¦dst.â (Terj. Al Israaâ: 33) dan ayat, âDan barang siapa yang membunuh seorang mukmin dengan sengaja ...dst.â (Terj. An Nisaaâ: 93) Maka aku bertanya kepada Ibnu Abbas, ia menjawab, âKetika turun ayat yang ada dalam surah Al Furqan, orang-orang musyrik Mekah berkata, âKami telah membunuh jiwa yang diharamkan Allah dan kami telah menyembah selain Allah serta mengerjakan perbuatan-perbuatan keji.â Maka Allah menurunkan ayat, âkecuali orang-orang yang bertobatâ¦dst.â Adapun yang disebutkan dalam surah An Nisaaâ itu adalah seorang yang sudah mengenal Islam dan syariatnya, lalu ia melakukan pembunuhan, maka balasannya adalah neraka Jahanam, ia kekal di dalamnya.â Kemudian aku menyebutkanya kepada Mujahid, ia berkata, âKecuali orang yang menyesali (perbuatannya).â
Dari dosa-dosa tersebut dan lainnya, yaitu dengan berhenti melakukannya pada saat itu juga, menyesali perbuatan itu dan berniat keras untuk tidak mengulangi lagi.
Kepada Allah dengan iman yang sahih yang menghendaki untuk meninggalkan maksiat dan mengerjakan ketaatan.
Yakni amal yang diperintahkan syariâ (Allah dan Rasul-Nya) dengan ikhlas karena Allah.
Dalam hal ini ada dua pendapat: Pendapat pertama, perbuatan mereka yang buruk diganti dengan perbuatan yang baik. Ibnu Abbas radhiyallahu anhuma berkata, âMereka adalah kaum mukmin, di mana sebelum beriman, mereka berada di atas kejahatan, lalu Allah menjadikan mereka benci kepada kejahatan, maka Allah alihkan mereka kepada kebaikan, sehingga Allah merubah kejahatan mereka dengan kebaikan. Saâid bin Jubair berkata, âAllah merubah penyembahan mereka kepada berhala menjadi menyembah kepada Ar Rahman, yang sebelumnya memerangi kaum muslimin menjadi memerangi orang-orang musyrik dan Allah merubah mereka yang sebelumnya menikahi wanita musyrikah menjadi menikahi wanita mukminah.â Al Hasan Al Basri berkata, âAllah merubah mereka yang sebelumnya amal buruk menjadi amal saleh, yang sebelumnya syirk menjadi ikhlas dan yang sebelumnya berbuat zina menjadi menikah, dan yang sebelumnya kafir menjadi muslim.â Pendapat kedua, keburukan yang telah berlalu itu berubah karena tobat nashuha, kembali kepada Allah dan ketaatan menjadi kebaikan.
Bagi orang yang bertobat.
Kepada hamba-hamba-Nya, di mana Dia mengajak mereka bertobat setelah mereka menghadapkan kepada-Nya dosa-dosa besar, lalu Dia memberi mereka taufik untuk bertobat dan menerima tobat itu.
