قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ مَالِكَ الْمُلْكِ تُؤْتِي الْمُلْكَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَتَنْزِعُ الْمُلْكَ مِمَّنْ تَشَاءُ وَتُعِزُّ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَتُذِلُّ مَنْ تَشَاءُ ۖ بِيَدِكَ الْخَيْرُ ۖ إِنَّكَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
Say, "O Allah, Owner of Sovereignty, You give sovereignty to whom You will and You take sovereignty away from whom You will. You honor whom You will and You humble whom You will. In Your hand is [all] good. Indeed, You are over all things competent.
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(Say: O Allah! Owner of Sovereignty!) [3:26]. Ibn 'Abbas and Anas ibn Malik said: “When the Messenger ofAllah, Allah bless him and give him peace, conquered Mecca and promised his nation the kingdoms of Persiaand Byzantium, the hypocrites and Jews said: 'How far fetched! How far fetched! How on earth canMuhammad conquer the kingdoms of Persia and Byzantium? They are too mighty and strong for that. AreMecca and Medina not enough for Muhammad that he covets the kingdoms of Persia and Byzantium?' Andso Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse”. Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Marwazi informed in his epistle>Abu'l-Fadl Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Haddadi> Muhammad ibn Yahya> Ishaq ibn Ibrahim> Rawh ibn'Ubadah> Sa'id> Qatadah who said: “It was mentioned to us that the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless himand give him peace, requested Allah to grant his nation the kingdoms of Persia and Byzantium, and so Allah,exalted is He, revealed (Say: O Allah! Owner of Sovereignty!)”. The master Abu Ishaq al-Tha'alibi informedus> 'Abd Allah ibn Hamid al-Wazzan> Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Matiri> Hammad ibn al-Hasan> Muhammadibn Khalid ibn 'Athmah> Kathir ibn 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn 'Awf> his father> his father who said: “On theday of the Confederates, the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, drew lines indicatingwhere the Ditch was to be dug and he assigned ten men for every forty cubits. 'Amd ibn 'Awf said: 'Myself,Salman [al-Farisi], Hudhayfah [ibn al-Yaman] al-Nu'man ibn Muqarrin al-Muzani and six men of the Helperswere assigned to dig forty cubits. We dug until we reached beneath Dhu Nab whereupon we came upon arock of flint which broke our steel and proved extremely hard to break. And so we told Salman to go up andinform the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, about this rock and to consult him abouteither to go round it or command us something else about it, for we did not like going beyond the line hedrew. So Salman went up to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, who had on him aTurkish collar. He said: 'O Messenger of Allah! We came across a white rock of flint inside the ditch whichhas broken our steel and proved very hard to break, for we did everything we could to break it but in vain.Please tell us what to do, for we do not like going beyond the line you drew'. The Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, went down to the ditch along with Salman while the remaining nine peopleremained at the verge of it. He took the axe from Salman and struck the rock with one mighty blow whichsplit it into two, and a light shone from its two sides, such that it was like lighting a lamp in a dark room.The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, pronounced the Takbir which is usuallypronounced after a conquest and the Muslims did the same. Then he struck it again with a blow and a lightshone from its two sides, such that it was like lighting a lamp in a dark room. The Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, pronounced the Takbir which is usually pronounced after a conquest and theMuslims did the same. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, struck it a third timeupon which the rock broke into pieces and a light shone, such that it was like lighting a lamp in a dark room.The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, pronounced the Takbir which is usuallypronounced after a conquest and the Muslims did the same. He then held the hand of Salman and climbedup. Salman said: 'May my mother and father be your ransom, O Messenger of Allah, I saw something whichI had never seen before'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, turned to the peoplepresent and said: 'Did you see that which Salman is talking about?' They said: 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah!'He said: 'I struck the first time and the light which you saw shone and through it I could see the palaces ofal-Hirah and the cities of Chosroes resembling the teeth of dogs. Gabriel, peace be upon him, informed methen that my nation will conquer them. Then I struck a second time and in that light I could see the redpalaces of the land of Byzantium resembling the teeth of dogs. Gabriel, peace be upon him, informed methen that my nation will conquer them. Then I struck the rock with my third blow and the light which yousaw shone and I saw the palaces of San'a' resembling the teeth of dogs. Gabriel, peace be upon him,informed me then that my nation will conquer them. So receive the good news'. The Muslims were happy tohear the good news. They said: 'Praise be to Allah, it is a true promise; he has promised us victory afterdigging the Trench'. But the hypocrites said: 'Are you not amazed that he is raising your hope for nothingand is promising you something which is clearly untrue. He informs you that he can see from Yathrib thepalaces of al-Hira and the cities of Chosroes and that you will conquer them. All this while you are diggingthis ditch because of fear and are unable to show yourselves'. Allah then revealed in the Qur'an (And whenthe hypocrites, and those in whose hearts is a disease, were saying: Allah and His messenger promised usnaught but delusion) [33:12], and Allah, exalted is He, revealed about this incident: (Say: O Allah! Owner ofSovereignty!)”.
قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ مَـلِكَ الْمُلْكِ تُؤْتِى الْمُلْكَ مَن تَشَآءُ وَتَنزِعُ الْمُلْكَ مِمَّن تَشَآءُ وَتُعِزُّ مَن تَشَآءُ وَتُذِلُّ مَن تَشَآءُ بِيَدِكَ الْخَيْرُ إِنَّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ - تُولِجُ الَّيْلَ فِى الْنَّهَارِ وَتُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِى الَّيْلِ وَتُخْرِجُ الْحَىَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَتُخْرِجُ الَمَيِّتَ مِنَ الْحَىِّ وَتَرْزُقُ مَن تَشَآءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ
(26. Say: "O Allah! Possessor of the power, You give power to whom You will, and You take power from whom You will, and You endue with honor whom You will, and You humiliate whom You will. In Your Hand is the good. Verily, You are able to do all things.)
(27. You make the night to enter into the day, and You make the day to enter into the night, You bring the living out of the dead, and You bring the dead out of the living. And You give wealth and sustenance to whom You will, without limit.)
Allah said,
(Say) O Muhammad , while praising your Lord, thanking Him, relying in all matters upon Him and trusting in Him.
اللَّهُمَّ مَـلِكَ الْمُلْكِ
(O Allah! Possessor of the power) meaning, all sovereignty is Yours,
تُؤْتِى الْمُلْكَ مَن تَشَآءُ وَتَنزِعُ الْمُلْكَ مِمَّن تَشَآءُ وَتُعِزُّ مَن تَشَآءُ وَتُذِلُّ مَن تَشَآءُ
(You give power to whom You will, and You take power from whom You will, and You endue with honor whom You will, and You humiliate whom You will.) meaning, You are the Giver, You are the Taker, it is Your will that occurs and whatever You do not will, does not occur. This Ayah encourages thanking Allah for the favors He granted His Messenger and his Ummah. Allah transferred the prophethood from the Children of Israel to the Arab, Qurashi, Makkan, unlettered Prophet, the Final and Last of all Prophets and the Messenger of Allah to all mankind and Jinn. Allah endowed the Prophet with the best of qualities from the prophets before him. Allah also granted him extra qualities that no other Prophet or Messenger before him was endowed with, such as granting him (more) knowledge of Allah and His Law, knowledge of more of the matters of the past and the future, such as what will occur in the Hereafter. Allah allowed Muhammad's Ummah to reach the eastern and western parts of the world and gave dominance to his religion and Law over all other religions and laws. May Allah's peace and blessings be on the Prophet until the Day of Judgment, and as long as the day and night succeed each other. This is why Allah said,
قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ مَـلِكَ الْمُلْكِ
(Say: "O Allah! Possessor of the power,'') meaning, You decide what You will concerning Your creation and You do what you will. Allah refutes those who thought that they could decide for Allah,
وَقَالُواْ لَوْلاَ نُزِّلَ هَـذَا الْقُرْءَانُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِّنَ الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ عَظِيمٍ
(And they say: "Why is not this Qur'an sent down to some great man of the two towns (Makkah and Ta'if)'') 43:31. Allah refuted them by saying,
أَهُمْ يَقْسِمُونَ رَحْمَةَ رَبِّكَ
(Is it they who would portion out the Mercy of your Lord) 43:32, meaning, "We decide for Our creation what We will, without resistance or hindrance by anyone. We have the perfect wisdom and the unequivocal proof in all of this, and We give the prophethood to whom We will.'' Similarly, Allah said,
اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ حَيْثُ يَجْعَلُ رِسَالَتَهُ
(Allah knows best with whom to place His Message) and,
انظُرْ كَيْفَ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ
(See how We prefer one above another (in this world)) 17: 21 Allah said,
تُولِجُ الَّيْلَ فِى الْنَّهَارِ وَتُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِى الَّيْلِ
(You make the night enter into the day, and You make the day enter into the night) meaning, You take from the length of one of them and add it to the shortness of the other, so that they become equal, and take from the length of one of them and add it to the other so that they are not equal. This occurs throughout the seasons of the year: spring, summer, fall and winter. Allah's statement,
وَتُخْرِجُ الْحَىَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَتُخْرِجُ الَمَيِّتَ مِنَ الْحَىِّ
(You bring the living out of the dead, and You bring the dead out of the living.) means, You bring out the seed from the plant and the plant from the seed; the date from its seed and the date's seed from the date; the faithful from the disbeliever and the disbeliever from the faithful; the chicken from the egg and the egg from the chicken, etc.
وَتَرْزُقُ مَن تَشَآءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ
(And You give wealth and sustenance to whom You will, without limit.) meaning, You give whomever You will innumerable amounts of wealth while depriving others from it, out of wisdom, and justice.
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