لَا يَتَّخِذِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكَافِرِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۖ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَيْءٍ إِلَّا أَنْ تَتَّقُوا مِنْهُمْ تُقَاةً ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ ۗ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ
Let not believers take disbelievers as allies rather than believers. And whoever [of you] does that has nothing with Allah, except when taking precaution against them in prudence. And Allah warns you of Himself, and to Allah is the [final] destination.
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(Let not the believers take disbelievers for their friends in preference to believers…) [3:28]. Said Ibn 'Abbas:“A group of Jews including al-Hajjaj ibn 'Amr, Kahmas ibn Abi al-Huqayq and Qays ibn Zayd used to keepclose company with a group of Helpers to try to make them renounce their religion. And so a group ofpeople comprising Rifa'ah ibn al-Mundhir, 'Abd Allah ibn Jubayr and Sa'id ibn Khaythamah said to this groupof Helpers: 'Stay away from these Jews and beware of keeping their company lest they drive you away fromyour religion'. The group of Helpers refused to stop seeing them or keep their company, and so Allah,exalted is He, revealed this verse”. And al-Kalbi said: “This verse was revealed about the hypocrites: 'AbdAllah ibn Ubayy and his companions. They allied themselves with the Jews and the idolaters, supplying themwith information, hoping that they would have the upper hand over the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless himand give him peace. And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse, warning the believers against actinglike them”. Juwaybir reported from al-Dahhak that Ibn 'Abbas said: “This verse was revealed about 'Ubadahibn al-Samit who was among those who took part in Badr and a trusted man. He had allies from among theJews. And when the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, marched to the Battle of theConfederates, 'Ubadah said: 'O Prophet of Allah! I have with me five hundred men from the Jews, and I amof the opinion to take them with me to impress the enemy. Because of this, Allah, exalted is He, revealed(Let not the believers take disbelievers for their friends in preference to believers)' ”.
لاَّ يَتَّخِذِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ إِلاَ أَن تَتَّقُواْ مِنْهُمْ تُقَـةً وَيُحَذِّرْكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ
(28. Let not the believers take the disbelievers as friends instead of the believers, and whoever does that, will never be helped by Allah in any way, unless you indeed fear a danger from them. And Allah warns you against Himself, and to Allah is the final return.)
Allah prohibited His believing servants from becoming supporters of the disbelievers, or to take them as comrades with whom they develop friendships, rather than the believers. Allah warned against such behavior when He said,
وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ
(And whoever does that, will never be helped by Allah in any way) meaning, whoever commits this act that Allah has prohibited, then Allah will discard him. Similarly, Allah said,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ عَدُوِّى وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ
(O you who believe! Take not My enemies and your enemies as friends, showing affection towards them), until,
وَمَن يَفْعَلْهُ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَآءَ السَّبِيلِ
(And whosoever of you does that, then indeed he has gone astray from the straight path.) 60:1. Allah said,
يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَتُرِيدُونَ أَن تَجْعَلُواْ للَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ سُلْطَاناً مُّبِيناً
(O you who believe! Take not for friends disbelievers instead of believers. Do you wish to offer Allah a manifest proof against yourselves) 4:144, and,
يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ
(O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends, they are but friends of each other. And whoever befriends them, then surely, he is one of them.) 5:51. Allah said, after mentioning the fact that the faithful believers gave their support to the faithful believers among the Muhajirin, Ansar and Bedouins,
وَالَّذينَ كَفَرُواْ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ إِلاَّ تَفْعَلُوهُ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَفَسَادٌ كَبِيرٌ
(And those who disbelieve are allies of one another, (and) if you do not behave the same, there will be Fitnah and oppression on the earth, and a great mischief and corruption.) 8:73. Allah said next,
إِلاَ أَن تَتَّقُواْ مِنْهُمْ تُقَـةً
(unless you indeed fear a danger from them) meaning, except those believers who in some areas or times fear for their safety from the disbelievers. In this case, such believers are allowed to show friendship to the disbelievers outwardly, but never inwardly. For instance, Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Ad-Darda' said, "We smile in the face of some people although our hearts curse them.'' Al-Bukhari said that Al-Hasan said, "The Tuqyah is allowed until the Day of Resurrection.'' Allah said,
وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ
(And Allah warns you against Himself.) meaning, He warns you against His anger and the severe torment He prepared for those who give their support to His enemies, and those who have enmity with His friends,
وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ
(And to Allah is the final return) meaning, the return is to Him and He will reward or punish each person according to their deeds.
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Wali jamaknya auliyaa, yang berarti teman yang akrab, pemimpin, pelindung atau penolong. Termasuk juga mencintai dan membela orang-orang kafir meninggalkan kaum mukmin. Semua ini dilarang.
Misalnya dengan mengadakan hudnah (genjatan senjata), atau menampakkan seakan-akan berwala' dengan mereka di lisan, namun hati tidak setuju. Hal ini dilakukan sebelum Islam berjaya, dan diperuntukkan bagi orang yang tinggal di sebuah negeri sedangkan dia tidak memiliki kekuatan di sana.
Oleh karena itu, janganlah mengerjakan perbuatan yang mendatangkan kemurkaan-Nya seperti dengan bermaksiat dan berwala' kepada orang-orang kafir tanpa alasan menjaga diri dari sesuatu yang kamu takuti.
Semua makhluk akan kembali kepada Allah untuk dihisab dan diberi pembalasan.
