إِنَّ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ وَهَٰذَا النَّبِيُّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ۗ وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
Indeed, the most worthy of Abraham among the people are those who followed him [in submission to Allah] and this prophet, and those who believe [in his message]. And Allah is the ally of the believers.
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(Lo! those of mankind who have the best claim to Abraham are those who followed him, and this Prophet…)[3:68]. Said Ibn 'Abbas: “The leaders of the Jews said: 'By Allah, O Muhammad, you know that we have thebetter claim to Abraham's religion than you or anybody else; and you know that he was a Jew. You are onlyresentfully envious!' And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse”. Al-Kalbi also related from Abu Salihthat Ibn 'Abbas said - and the same is reported by 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Ghanm from the Companions of theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and this was also mentioned by Muhammad ibnIshaq ibn Yasar, such that the wordings of their narrations are mixed up with each other - : “When Ja'far ibnAbi Talib and his fellow companions migrated to Abyssinia and settled there and the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, migrated to Medina which was followed by the Battle of Badr, theQuraysh called for a meeting in Dar al-Nadwah and said: 'We have to exact revenge for those of us whowere killed at Badr from the Companions of Muhammad who are with the Negus. Collect, therefore, somemoney and gift it to the Negus and he will give you in exchange your people who are staying with him. Forthis mission, select two of your men who are known for their good judgement'. And so they sent 'Amr ibn al-'As and 'Umarah ibn Abi Mu'ayt with gifts, tanned skins and other things. They sailed across the sea toAbyssinia. When they entered in on the Negus, they prostrated themselves and greeted him. They said: 'Ourpeople are grateful to you and want to give you sincere advice for they wish you good. They have sent us toyou to warn you about the people who came to you because they represent a liar who has emergedamongst us, claiming he is Allah's Messenger. None of us, except fools, followed him. We had made it veryhard on them and drove them away to the canyons of our land. No one was allowed to go to them, andnone of them was allowed to leave; they were destroyed by hunger and thirst. When things got tough, hesent you his cousin to corrupt your religion, kingdom and subjects. So beware of them and hand them overto us to suffice you their matter'. They also said to him: 'The proof for what we say is that they will notprostrate to you or greet you with the greeting with which people greet you, out of repulsion from yourreligion and way of life'. The Negus summoned them, and when they came, Ja'far shouted at the door: 'Theparty of Allah asks your permission to enter'. Upon hearing them, the Negus said: 'Order the crier to repeatwhat he said'. When Ja'far repeated what he said, the Negus said: 'Indeed, let them enter with Allah'sassurance and safety'. 'Amr ibn al-'As looked at his companion and said: 'Do you not see how they referunintelligently to the party of Allah?' They did not like at all what they had heard. The Companions enteredbut did not prostrate themselves to the Negus. 'Amr ibn al-'As said: 'Do you not see how too proud they areto prostrate themselves before you?' The Negus asked them: 'What prevents you from prostratingyourselves before me and greeting me with the greeting with which I am greeted by people from all overthe world?' They said: 'We only prostrate ourselves to Allah Who created and made you king. What youmentioned was our salutation when we used to worship idols. Allah then sent among us a true Prophet whocommanded us to greet by means of a greeting which is pleasing to Allah, the greeting of peace, thegreeting of the inhabitants of Paradise'. The Negus knew that what he said was the truth and that it wasmentioned in the Torah and the Gospel. He said: 'Who is the caller who was seeking permission for the partyof Allah to enter?' Ja'far identified himself and then spoke. He said: 'You are a king among the kings of thepeople of this earth, as you are of the people of the Book. Abundant talk and injustice will not do with you,and I would like to answer you on behalf of my companions. Command one of these men to speak and letthe other one listen so that you can hear our dialogue'. 'Amr said to Ja'far: 'You speak!' Ja'far said to theNegus: 'Ask this man: are we slaves or freemen? If we are runaway slaves, then by all means do return usto our masters'. The Negus asked: 'Are they slaves or freemen?' He said: 'They are respected freemen!' TheNegus said: 'They have escaped from slavery'. Ja'far said: 'Ask them: have we shed any blood without anylegitimate right for retaliation to be exacted from us?' 'Amr said: 'They have not shed even a single drop ofblood'. Ja'far added: 'Ask them: have we wrongfully taken the property of any people which we are nowasked to give back?' The Negus said: 'O 'Amr! I will pay it back even if it is a kantar'. 'Amr said: 'They havenot taken even one kerat'. The Negus said: 'In that case, what do you want from them?' 'Amr said: 'Wewere all following one religion, the religion of our forefathers, but they left that and followed a differentreligion while we continue to follow it. Their people have therefore sent us so that you hand them over tous'. The Negus asked: 'What is the religion which you had previously followed and the one you are followingnow? Tell me the truth!' Ja'far said: 'The religion which we used to follow and which we have nowabandoned is the religion and matter of Satan; we used to disbelieve in Allah, glorious and majestic is He,and worship stones. As for the religion to which we have reverted, it is Allah's religion, Islam, which wasbrought to us by a Messenger from Allah who also brought a Scripture like the Scripture brought by Jesus; infact both Scriptures agree with one another'. The Negus said: 'O Ja'far! You have mentioned a very seriousmatter; be deliberate!' The Negus then ordered that the bells be rang by which he summoned all his priestsand monks. When they all gathered, he said: 'I implore you by Allah Who revealed the Gospel to Jesus: isthere any mention of a prophet sent by Allah in the interval between the advent of Jesus and the Day ofJudgement?' They said: 'Yes, by Allah! Jesus has given the good news of his advent. He said: whoeverbelieves in this prophet believes in him and whoever disbelieves in this prophet disbelieves in him'. TheNegus turned to Ja'far and said: 'What does this man say, command and forbid you?' Ja'far said: 'He recitesunto us the Book of Allah, enjoins good, forbids evil, commands good treatment of one's neighbours,keeping ties with one's kin, showing goodness toward orphans and he also commands us to worship Allahalone without any associate'. The Negus said: 'Recite to us some of what he used to recite to you'. Ja'farrecited to Him Surah the Spider and Surah the Byzantines. The eyes of the Negus and those with him[among his subjects] overflowed with tears. They said: 'O Ja'far, give us more of this wholesome speech'.Ja'far read Surah the Cave. At this point, 'Amr wanted to provoke the Negus. He said: 'They slander Jesusand his mother!' The Negus asked: 'What do they say about Jesus and his mother?' Ja'far read to themSurah Mary and when he recited the section which mentions Jesus and his mother, the Negus picked up afragment from a tooth pick (Siwak) - so small that it could get into one's eye-and said: 'By Allah! Jesus didnot add to what you have said more than this [i.e. the fragment that he picked]'. He then turned towardJa'far and his companions and said: 'Go wherever you want in my land. You are safe. Whoever insults orharms you will face a penalty. Receive the good news and do not be afraid. Today, no harm shall ever befallthe party of Abraham'. 'Amr asked: 'And who are the party of Abraham?' He said: 'They are these peopleand the leader who sent them here as well as all those who follow them'. The idolaters denied this andclaimed that it was them who were following the religion of Abraham. The Negus returned the money that'Amr and his companion had gifted him, saying: 'Your gift is a bribe, so take it back. Allah has appointed meas a king and did not take a bribe from me'. Ja'far said: 'And we left. We lived in a good land withhonourable neighbours'. Allah, glorious and majestic is He, revealed to the Messenger of Allah, Allah blesshim and give him peace, in Medina about their dispute regarding Abraham (Lo! those of mankind who havethe best claim to Abraham are those who followed him) i.e. those who follow his religion and way, (and thisProphet) i.e. Muhammad, Allah bless him and give him peace, (and those who believe (with him) and Allahis the Protecting Guardian of the believers)”. Abu Hamid Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Warraq informed us> AbuAhmad Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Jazari> 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Hatim> Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj> Waki'>Sufyan ibn Sa'id> his father> Abu'l-Duha> 'Abd Allah who reported that the Messenger of Allah, Allah blesshim and give peace, said: “Every prophet has supporters from among other prophets, and my support is myforefather and my Lord's intimate friend Abraham”. He then recited: (Lo! those of mankind who have thebest claim to Abraham are those who followed him, and this Prophet).
يأَهْلَ الْكِتَـبِ لِمَ تُحَآجُّونَ فِى إِبْرَهِيمَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَتِ التَّورَاةُ وَالإْنْجِيلُ إِلاَّ مِن بَعْدِهِ أَفَلاَ تَعْقِلُونَ - هأَنتُمْ هَـؤُلاءِ حَـجَجْتُمْ فِيمَا لَكُم بِهِ عِلمٌ فَلِمَ تُحَآجُّونَ فِيمَا لَيْسَ لَكُمْ بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنتُمْ لاَ تَعْلَمُونَ - مَا كَانَ إِبْرَهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَلاَ نَصْرَانِيًّا وَلَكِن كَانَ حَنِيفًا مُّسْلِمًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ - إِنَّ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِإِبْرَهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ وَهَـذَا النَّبِىُّ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَاللَّهُ وَلِىُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
(65. O people of the Scripture! Why do you dispute about Ibrahim, while the Tawrah and the Injil were not revealed till after him Have you then no sense)
(66. Verily, you are those who have disputed about that of which you have knowledge. Why do you then dispute concerning that of which you have no knowledge It is Allah Who knows, and you know not.)
(67. Ibrahim was neither a Jew nor a Christian, but he was a true Muslim Hanifa and he was not of the Mushrikin )
(68. Verily, among mankind who have the best claim to Ibrahim are those who followed him, and this Prophet and those who have believed. And Allah is the Wali (Protector and Helper) of the believers.)
Allah censures the Jews and Christians for their dispute with Muslims over Ibrahim Al-Khalil and the claim each group made that he was one of them. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Christians of Najran and Jewish rabbis gathered before the Messenger of Allah and disputed in front of him. The rabbis said, `Ibrahim was certainly Jewish.' The Christians said, `Certainly, Ibrahim was Christian.' So Allah sent down,
يأَهْلَ الْكِتَـبِ لِمَ تُحَآجُّونَ فِى إِبْرَهِيمَ
(O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians)! Why do you dispute about Ibrahim,) meaning, `How is it that you, Jews, claim that Ibrahim was Jew, although he lived before Allah sent down the Tawrah to Musa How is it that you, Christians, claim that Ibrahim was Christian, although Christianity came after his time'' This is why Allah said,
أَفَلاَ تَعْقِلُونَ
(Have you then no sense) Allah then said,
هأَنتُمْ هَـؤُلاءِ حَـجَجْتُمْ فِيمَا لَكُم بِهِ عِلمٌ فَلِمَ تُحَآجُّونَ فِيمَا لَيْسَ لَكُمْ بِهِ عِلْمٌ
c(Verily, you are those who have disputed about that of which you have knowledge. Why do you then dispute concerning that of which you have no knowledge) This Ayah criticizes those who argue and dispute without knowledge, just as the Jews and Christians did concerning Ibrahim. Had they disputed about their religions, which they had knowledge of, and about the Law that was legislated for them until Muhammad was sent, it would have been better for them. Rather, they disputed about what they had no knowledge of, so Allah criticized them for this behavior. Allah commanded them to refer what they have no knowledge of to He Who knows the seen and unseen matters and Who knows the true reality of all things. This is why Allah said,
وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنتُمْ لاَ تَعْلَمُونَ
(It is Allah Who knows, and you know not.) Allah said,
مَا كَانَ إِبْرَهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَلاَ نَصْرَانِيًّا وَلَكِن كَانَ حَنِيفًا مُّسْلِمًا
(Ibrahim was neither a Jew nor a Christian, but he was a true Muslim Hanifa), shunning Shirk and living in Iman,
وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ
(and he was not of the Mushrikin.) This Ayah is similar to the Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah,
وَقَالُواْ كُونُواْ هُودًا أَوْ نَصَـرَى تَهْتَدُواْ
(And they say, "Be Jews or Christians, then you will be guided...'') 2:135. Allah said next,
إِنَّ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِإِبْرَهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ وَهَـذَا النَّبِىُّ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَاللَّهُ وَلِىُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
(Verily, among mankind who have the best claim to Ibrahim are those who followed him, and this Prophet and those who have believed. And Allah is the Wali (Protector and Helper) of the believers.) This Ayah means, "The people who have the most right to be followers of Ibrahim are those who followed his religion and this Prophet, Muhammad , and his Companions from the Muhajirin, Ansar and those who followed their lead.'' Sa`id bin Mansur recorded that Ibn Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«إِنَّ لِكُلِّ نَبِيَ وُلَاةً مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ، وَإِنَّ وَلِيِّي مِنْهُمْ أَبِي وَخَلِيلُ رَبِّي عَزَّ وَجَل»
(Every Prophet had a Wali (supporter, best friend) from among the Prophets. My Wali among them is my father Ibrahim, the Khalil (intimate friend) of my Lord, the Exalted and Most Honored) The Prophet then recited,
إِنَّ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِإِبْرَهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ
(Verily, among mankind who have the best claim to Ibrahim are those who followed him...) Allah's statement,
وَاللَّهُ وَلِىُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
(And Allah is the Wali (Protector and Helper) of the believers.) means, Allah is the Protector of all those who believe in His Messengers.
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Maksudnya: Paling berhak dengan Nabi Ibrahim 'alaihis salam.
Karena kebanyakan syari'at Beliau sama dengan syari'at Nabi Ibrahim 'alaihis salam.
Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam dan orang-orang yang beriman inilah yang lebih cocok mengatakan bahwa mereka di atas agama Nabi Ibrahim 'alaihis salam. Adapun orang-orang yang membuang agamanya ke belakang punggungnya seperti orang-orang Yahudi, Nasrani dan orang-orang musyrik, bukanlah di atas agama Nabi Ibrahim 'alaihis salam, dan Beliau berlepas diri dari mereka.
Dari ayat 65-68 dapat diambil beberapa kesimpulan, di antaranya:
