إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ ۖ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا ۖ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ
Indeed, Allah [alone] has knowledge of the Hour and sends down the rain and knows what is in the wombs. And no soul perceives what it will earn tomorrow, and no soul perceives in what land it will die. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.
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Lo! Allah! With Him is knowledge of the Hour…) [31:34]. This verse was revealed about al-Harith ibn ‘Amribn Harithah ibn Muharib ibn Hafsah, from the desert, who asked the Prophet, Allah bless him and give himpeace, about the Hour and its exact timing. He also asked: ‘Our land has dried up, when is it going to rain?And I left my wife pregnant, when is she going to give birth? And I know in which land I was born, but inwhich land am I going to die?’ And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. Abu ‘Uthman Sa‘id ibnMuhammad al-Mu’adhdhin informed us> Muhammad ibn Hamdun ibn al-Fadl> Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hafiz> Hamdan al-Sulami> al-Nadr ibn Muhammad> ‘Ikrimah> Iyas ibn Salamah who said: “My fatherrelated to me that he was with the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, when a man came towardhim leading a mare which was followed by her foal. The man asked: ‘Who are you?’ He said: ‘I am theProphet of Allah’. ‘And who is the Prophet of Allah?’ the man asked. The Prophet said: ‘The Messenger ofAllah’. The man asked: ‘When is the Hour going to take place?’ The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him andgive him peace, said: ‘This is of the unseen, and none knows the unseen except Allah’. The man asked:‘When is it going to rain?’ The Prophet said: ‘This is of the unseen, and none knows the unseen exceptAllah’. The man asked: ‘What is in the womb of this mare of mine?’ The prophet said: ‘This is of the unseen,and none knows the unseen except Allah’. The man then said: ‘Show me your sword’. The Prophet, Allahbless him and give him peace, gave him his sword. The man waved the sword and then returned it to theProphet. The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, said to him at that point: ‘Indeed, you would nothave been able to carry out what you intended!’ The man had said before coming: ‘I am going to ask himabout these things and then behead him’ ”. Abu ‘Abd Allah ibn Abi Ishaq> Abu ‘Amr Muhammad ibn Ja‘faribn Matar> Muhammad ibn ‘Uthman ibn Suwayd> Abu Hudhayfah> Sufyan al-Thawri> ‘Abd Allah ibn Dinar>Ibn ‘Umar who related that the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: “The keys ofthe unseen are five and none knows them except Allah, exalted is He: none knows the timing of the Hourexcept Allah; none knows what is hidden in wombs except Allah; none knows what is stored in the morrowexcept Allah; no soul knows in which land it will die, only Allah knows this; and none knows when it will rainexcept Allah”. This was narrated by Bukhari from Muhammad ibn Yusuf from Sufyan.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِى الاٌّرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ مَّاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَداً وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَيمٌ خَبِيرٌ
(34. Verily, Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour, He sends down the rain, and knows that which is in the wombs. No person knows what he will earn tomorrow, and no person knows in what land he will die. Verily, Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware.) The Knower of the Unseen is Allah These are the keys of the Unseen, whose knowledge Allah alone has kept for Himself, and no one else knows them unless Allah tells him about them. The knowledge of
when the Hour will occur' is not known to any Prophet who was sent or any angel who is close to Allah.
لاَ يُجَلِّيهَا لِوَقْتِهَآ إِلاَّ هُوَ
(None can reveal its time but He) (7:187). Similarly, no one but Allah knows when rain will fall, but when He issues the commands, the angels who are entrusted with the task of bringing rain know about it, as do those among His creation whom He wills should know. No one but He knows what is in the wombs of what He wants to create, but when He decrees whether it is to be male or female, and whether it is to be blessed or doomed, the angels who are entrusted with that know about it, as do those among His creation whom He wills should know. No one knows what he will earn tomorrow with regard to this world or the Hereafter.
وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ
(and no person knows in what land he will die.) in his own land or elsewhere, in some other land. No one knows this. This Ayah is like the Ayah,
وَعِندَهُ مَفَاتِحُ الْغَيْبِ لاَ يَعْلَمُهَآ إِلاَّ هُوَ
(And with Him are the keys of the Unseen, none knows them but He.) (6:59) It was reported in the Sunnah that the above five things are called the Keys of the Unseen. Imam Ahmad recorded that Buraydah said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say:
«خَمْسٌ لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلَّا اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِى الاٌّرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ مَّاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَداً وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَيمٌ خَبِيرٌ »
(There are five things which no one knows except Allah: (Verily, Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour, He sends down the rain, and knows that which is in the wombs. No person knows what he will earn tomorrow, and no person knows in what land he will die. Verily, Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware.)) The chain of narrators for this Hadith is Sahih, although they did not recorded it.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah said:
«مَفَاتِيحُ الْغَيْبِ خَمْسٌ لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلَّا اللهُ:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِى الاٌّرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ مَّاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَداً وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَيمٌ خَبِيرٌ »
(The Keys of the Unseen are five, which no one knows except Allah: (Verily, Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour, He sends down the rain, and knows that which is in the wombs. No person knows what he will earn tomorrow, and no person knows in what land he will die. Verily, Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware.)) This was recorded only by Al-Bukhari, which he narrated in the Book of the Rain Prayer in his Sahih. He also recorded it in his Tafsir with a different chain of narrators, stating that `Abdullah bin `Umar said, "The Prophet said:
«مَفَاتِيحُ الْغَيْبِ خَمْس»
(The Keys of the Unseen are five.)'' Then he recited:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِى الاٌّرْحَامِ
(Verily, Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour, He sends down the rain, and knows that which is in the wombs.) This too was recorded only by Al-Bukhari.
In his Tafsir of this Ayah, Al-Bukhari narrated from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah was standing before the people one day when a man came to him and said, `O Messenger of Allah, what is Iman' He said:
«الْإِيمَانُ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ، وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَلِقَائِهِ، وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ الْآخِر»
(Iman is to believe in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers and in the meeting with Him, and to believe in the Resurrection in the Hereafter.) He said: `O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam' He said:
«الْإِسْلَامُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا، وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ، وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَان»
(Islam is to worship Allah Alone and not associate anything in worship with Him, to establish regular prayer, to pay the obligatory Zakah, and to fast in Ramadan.) He said, `O Messenger of Allah, what is Ihsan' He said:
«الْإِحْسَانُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاك»
(Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you do not see Him, then He sees you.) He said, `O Messenger of Allah, when will the Hour come' He said:
«مَا الْمَسْؤُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ، وَلكِنْ سَأُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا: إِذَا وَلَدَتِ الْأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا، وَإِذَا كَانَ الْحُفَاةُ الْعُرَاةُ رُؤُوسَ النَّاسِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا فِي خَمْسٍ لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلَّا اللهُ:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِى الاٌّرْحَامِ
(The one who is asked about it does not know more than the one who is asking, but I will tell you of some of its signs: when the servant woman gives birth to her mistress, that is one of its signs; when the barefoot and naked become leaders of the people, that is one of its signs. The timing of the Hour is one of the five things which no one knows except Allah: (Verily, Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour, He sends down the rain, and knows that which is in the wombs....)) Then the man went away, and the Prophet said,
«رُدُّوهُ عَلَي»
(Bring him back to me.) They went to bring him back, but they could not find him. He said:
«هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُم»
(That was Jibril who came to teach the people their religion.) It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari in the Book of Faith, and by Muslim with several chains of narration. We have discussed this at the beginning of our commentary on Al-Bukhari, where we mentioned at length some Hadiths narrated by the Commander of the faithful `Umar bin Al-Khattab. These were recorded only by Muslim.
وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ
(and no person knows in what land he will die.) Qatadah said, "There are some things which Allah has kept to Himself, and they are not known to any angel who is close to Him or any Prophet who was sent by Him.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ
(Verily, Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour, ) no one among mankind knows when the Hour will come, in which year or month, or whether it will come at night or during the day.
وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ
(He sends down the rain,) and no one knows when rain will come, night or day.
وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِى الاٌّرْحَامِ
(and knows that which is in the wombs.) No one knows what is in the wombs, male or female, red or black, or what it is.
وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ مَّاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَداً
(No person knows what he will earn tomorrow,) whether it will be good or bad. You do not know, O son of Adam, when you will die. You might die tomorrow, you might be stricken by calamity tomorrow.
وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ
(and no person knows in what land he will die.) means, no person knows where his resting place will be, on the land or in the sea, on a plain or in the mountains. It says in the Hadith:
«إِذَا أَرَادَ اللهُ قَبْضَ عَبْدٍ بِأَرْضٍ جَعَلَ لَهُ إِلَيْهَا حَاجَة»
(If Allah wants to take a person's soul in a particular land, He will give him a reason to go there.) In Al-Mu`jam Al-Kabir, Al-Hafiz Abu Al-Qasim At-Tabarani recorded that Usamah bin Zayd said, "The Messenger of Allah said:
«مَا جَعَلَ اللهُ مِيتَةَ عَبْدٍ بِأَرْضٍ إِلَّا جَعَلَ لَهُ فِيهَا حَاجَة»
(Allah does not will that a person should die in a certain land but He gives him a reason to go there.)'' This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Luqman. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. Sufficient for us is Allah and He is the Best Disposer of affairs.
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Telah jelas, bahwa ilmu Allah meliputi yang gaib dan yang tampak, yang zahir (tampak) maupun yang batin (terrsembunyi). Kelima perkara yang disebutkan dalam ayat di atas adalah perkara gaib yang disembunyikan Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala, sehingga tidak diketahui oleh nabi, malaikat yang dekat maupun manusia.
Yakni kapan terjadinya.
Dia sendiri yang menurunkannya, dan mengetahui kapan turunnya.
Dia yang menciptakannya, dan Dia yang mengetahui hal yang terjadi padanya, apakah nantinya dia akan menjadi orang yang berbahagia atau sengsara, dst. Jika ada yang berkata, âBukankah dengan alat canggih sudah dapat diketahui keadaan janin, apakah ia laki-laki atau perempuan?â Maka jawabnya adalah, bahwa ayat tersebut menggunakan lafaz âmaaâ (apa), bukan âmanâ (siapa) yang menunjukkan laki-laki atau perempuan, maka perhatikanlah.
Maksudnya, manusia itu tidak dapat mengetahui dengan pasti apa yang akan diusahakannya besok atau yang akan diperolehnya, Namun demikian mereka diwajibkan berusaha.
Setelah Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala menyebutkan secara khusus lima perkara gaib, maka Dia mengumumkan pengetahuan-Nya, bahwa pengetahuan-Nya meliputi segala sesuatu.
Dia mengenal yang tersembunyi sebagaimana Dia mengenal yang zahir (tampak). Di antara hikmah-Nya yang sempurna adalah Dia menyembunyikan kelima perkara ini karena dalam menyembunyikannya terdapat maslahat sebagaimana telah diketahui dengan jelas bagi orang yang memikirkannya.
