أَشِحَّةً عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ فَإِذَا جَاءَ الْخَوْفُ رَأَيْتَهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ تَدُورُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ كَالَّذِي يُغْشَىٰ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ ۖ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الْخَوْفُ سَلَقُوكُمْ بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ أَشِحَّةً عَلَى الْخَيْرِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا فَأَحْبَطَ اللَّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ ۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا
Indisposed toward you. And when fear comes, you see them looking at you, their eyes revolving like one being overcome by death. But when fear departs, they lash you with sharp tongues, indisposed toward [any] good. Those have not believed, so Allah has rendered their deeds worthless, and ever is that, for Allah, easy.
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قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الْمُعَوِّقِينَ مِنكُمْ وَالْقَآئِلِينَ لإِخْوَنِهِمْ هَلُمَّ إِلَيْنَا وَلاَ يَأْتُونَ الْبَأْسَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً - أَشِحَّةً عَلَيْكُمْ فَإِذَا جَآءَ الْخَوْفُ رَأَيْتَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ تَدورُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ كَالَّذِى يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الْخَوْفُ سَلَقُوكُم بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ أَشِحَّةً عَلَى الْخَيْرِ أوْلَـئِكَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُواْ فَأَحْبَطَ اللَّهُ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيراً
(18. Allah already knows those among you who keep back (men) from fighting (in Allah's cause), and those who say to their brethren, "Come here towards us,'' while they come not to the battle except a little,)
(19. Being miserly towards you. Then when fear comes, you will see them looking to you, their eyes revolving like one over whom hovers death; but when the fear departs, they will smite you with sharp tongues, miserly towards good. Such have not believed. Therefore, Allah makes their deeds fruitless and that is ever easy for Allah.)Allah tells us that His knowledge encompasses those who sought to tell others not to go out and who said to their brethren, meaning their companions, friend and acquaintances,
هَلُمَّ إِلَيْنَا
(Come here towards us,) meaning, come to where we are in the shade and enjoying fruits. But in spite of that,
وَلاَ يَأْتُونَ الْبَأْسَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً
أَشِحَّةً
(they come not to the battle except a little, being miserly towards you.) i.e., `they are mean and have no love or mercy towards you.' As-Suddi said:
أَشِحَّةً عَلَيْكُمْ
(Being miserly towards you.) means, with the booty.
فَإِذَا جَآءَ الْخَوْفُ رَأَيْتَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ تَدورُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ كَالَّذِى يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ
(Then when fear comes, you will see them looking to you, their eyes revolving like one over whom hovers death;) means, because of the intensity of their fear and terror; this is how afraid these cowards are of fighting.
فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الْخَوْفُ سَلَقُوكُم بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ
(but when the fear departs, they will smite you with sharp tongues,) means, when security is restored, they will speak eloquently and nicely, claiming that they were the bravest and most chivalrous of men, but they are lying. Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
(they will smite you) means, "they will start to talk about you.'' Qatadah said: "But when it comes to the booty, the most miserly of people and the worst to have to share the booty with are those who say, `Give us, give us, we were there with you,' but during battle they were the most cowardly and the most likely to fail to support the truth.'' They are miserly towards good, meaning that there is no goodness in them, for they have combined cowardice with lies and little good. Allah says:
أوْلَـئِكَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُواْ فَأَحْبَطَ اللَّهُ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيراً
(Such have not believed. Therefore Allah makes their deeds fruitless and that is ever easy for Allah.)
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Mereka kikir mengorbankan jiwa untuk berperang, dan kikir mengorbankan harta untuknya. Oleh karena itu, mereka tidak berjihad dengan jiwa dan hartanya.
Karena sifat pengecut yang mencopot hati mereka dan gelisah yang membuat mereka lupa segalanya dan takut jika mereka dipaksa untuk hal yang mereka benci, yaitu perang.
Keadaan menjadi aman dan tenteram, atau ghanimah telah diperoleh dan berhasil dikumpulkan.
Mereka akan berbicara dengan kata-kata yang keras dan mengemukakan dakwaan yang tidak benar. Ketika itu, mereka tampil seakan-akan sebagai orang-orang yang berani.
Mereka tidak mau mengorbankan milik mereka sedikit pun, tetapi mereka menuntut ghanimah. Ini adalah keadaan yang sangat buruk yang ada dalam diri seseorang. Kikir untuk berbuat yang diperintahkan, kikir mengorbankan harta di jalan Allah, kikir mengorbankan jiwa di jalan Allah, kikir dengan apa yang ada padanya, seperti kedudukannya sehingga tidak mau membantu orang lain, kikir dengan ilmunya, nasihatnya dan pendapatnya sehingga tidak memberikannya kecuali jika ia memperoleh keuntungan. Berbeda dengan orang-orang mukmin, Allah menjaga mereka dari kekikiran diri mereka, diberi-Nya mereka taufik untuk mengerjakan apa yang diperintahkan, mereka rela mengorbankan jiwa dan harta mereka di jalan-Nya untuk meninggikan kalimat-Nya, mereka senang memberikan harta mereka pada pos-pos kebaikan, demikian pula memberikan bantuan kepada orang lain dengan kedudukan dan ilmu mereka.
