وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ بِغَيْرِ مَا اكْتَسَبُوا فَقَدِ احْتَمَلُوا بُهْتَانًا وَإِثْمًا مُبِينًا
And those who harm believing men and believing women for [something] other than what they have earned have certainly born upon themselves a slander and manifest sin.
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(And those who malign believing men and believing women undeservedly…) [33:58]. 'Ata' reported that Ibn'Abbas said: “Once, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be well pleased with him, saw a girl from the Helperswith her beauty uncovered. He disliked seeing her beauty and hit her. She complained to her family abouthim and, as a result, they went out to him in order to hurt him. Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verseabout this incident”. Muqatil said: “This verse was revealed about 'Ali ibn Abi Talib who used to be harmedand maligned by a group of hypocrites”. Al-Dahhak and al-Suddi said: “This verse was revealed about thoseadulterers who used to roam the streets of Medina and follow the women who come out at night to relievethemselves. When they saw a woman, they approached her and winked at her. If the woman did not sayanything, they followed her; but if she rebuked them, they left her alone. Actually, these adulterers wereonly after slave girls. But at that time, freewomen were not distinguishable from slave-girls. All women usedto go out wearing a chemise and a headscarf. The women complained to their husbands who mentioned thematter to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and so Allah, exalted is He, revealedthis verse”. The proof for the soundness of the above opinion is the saying of Allah, exalted is He (OProphet! Tell thy wives and thy daughters and the women of the believers to draw their cloaks close roundthem…) [33:59]. Sa'id ibn Muhammad al-Mu'adhdhin informed us> Abu 'Ali al-Faqih> Ahmad ibn al-Husaynibn al-Junayd> Ziyad ibn Ayyub> Hushaym> Husayn> Abu Malik who said: “The believing women were inthe habit of going out at night to relieve themselves, but the hypocrites used to approach and malign them.This verse was revealed about this”. Said al-Suddi: “The houses of Medina used to be narrow. [For thisreason,] women used to wait until nightfall in order to go out to relieve themselves. The corrupt of Medinaalso used to go out at night. Whenever they saw a woman with a cover, they said: 'This is a freewoman',and they left her alone. But whenever they saw a woman without cover, they said: 'This is a slave', andtempted her to commit adultery. Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse about this matter”.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِى الدُّنْيَا وَالاٌّخِرَةِ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ عَذَاباً مُّهِيناً - وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ بِغَيْرِ مَا اكْتَسَبُواْ فَقَدِ احْتَمَلُواْ بُهْتَـناً وَإِثْماً مُّبِيناً
(57. Verily, those who annoy Allah and His Messenger, Allah has cursed them in this world and in the Hereafter, and has prepared for them a humiliating torment.)
(58. And those who annoy believing men and women undeservedly, they bear the crime of slander and plain sin.)
Allah warns and threatens those who annoy Him by going against His commands and doing that which He has forbidden, and who persist in doing so, and those who annoy His Messenger by accusing him of having faults or shortcomings -- Allah forbid. `Ikrimah said that the Ayah:
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ
(Verily, those who annoy Allah and His Messenger,) was revealed concerning those who make pictures or images. In The Two Sahihs, it is reported that Abu Hurayrah said: "The Messenger of Allah said:
«يَقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: يُؤْذِينِي ابْنُ آدَمَ، يَسُبُّ الدَّهْرَ وَأَنَا الدَّهْرُ أُقَلِّبُ لَيْلَهُ وَنَهَارَه»
(Allah says: "The son of Adam annoys Me by inveighing against time, but I am time, for I cause the alternation of night and day.'')'' The meaning of this Hadith is that in the Jahiliyyah they used to say, "How bad time is, it has done such and such to us!'' They used to attribute the deeds of Allah to time, and inveigh against it, but the One Who did that was Allah, may He be exalted. So, He forbade them from this. Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said that the Ayah,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ
(Verily, those who annoy Allah and His Messenger, ) was revealed about those who slandered the Prophet over his marriage to Safiyyah bint Huyay bin Akhtab. The Ayah appears to be general in meaning and to apply to all those who annoy him in any way, because whoever annoys him annoys Allah, just as whoever obeys him obeys Allah.
وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ بِغَيْرِ مَا اكْتَسَبُواْ
(And those who annoy believing men and women undeservedly,) means, they attribute to them things of which they are innocent, which they do not know and do not do.
فَقَدِ احْتَمَلُواْ بُهْتَـناً وَإِثْماً مُّبِيناً
(they bear the crime of slander and plain sin.) This is the most serious slander, to tell or transmit things about the believing men and women that they have not done, in order to bring shame upon them and accuse them of shortcomings. Among those to whom the description most applies are those who disbelieve in Allah and His Messengers, followed by the Rafidites who accuse the Companions of shortcomings and faults of which Allah has stated that they are innocent, and describe them as the opposite of what Allah has said about them. Allah, may He be exalted, has told us that He is pleased with the Migrants and Ansar, and has praised them, but these foolish and ignorant people inveigh against them and accuse them of shortcomings, and say things about them that they did not do and could never have done. In reality, their hearts are misguided, for they condemn those who deserve praise and praise those who deserve condemnation. Abu Dawud recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that it was said: "O Messenger of Allah, what is backbiting (Ghibah)'' He said,
«ذِكْرُكَ أَخَاكَ بِمَا يَكْرَه»
(It is when you mention something about your brother that he dislikes. ) It was asked, "But what if what I say about my brother is true'' He said,
«إِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ مَا تَقُولُ فَقَدِ اغْتَبْتَهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ مَا تَقُولُ فَقَدْ بَهَتَّه»
(If it is true, then you have committed backbiting (Ghibah) about him, and if it is not true, then you have slandered him.) This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Sahih.''
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