وَمَنْ يَكْسِبْ إِثْمًا فَإِنَّمَا يَكْسِبُهُ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
And whoever commits a sin only earns it against himself. And Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.
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وَمَن يَعْمَلْ سُوءاً أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ يَجِدِ اللَّهَ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً - وَمَن يَكْسِبْ إِثْماً فَإِنَّمَا يَكْسِبُهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيماً حَكِيماً - وَمَن يَكْسِبْ خَطِيئَةً أَوْ إِثْماً ثُمَّ يَرْمِ بِهِ بَرِيئاً فَقَدِ احْتَمَلَ بُهْتَـناً وَإِثْماً مُّبِيناً - وَلَوْلاَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ وَرَحْمَتُهُ لَهَمَّتْ طَّآئِفَةٌ مِّنْهُمْ أَن يُضِلُّوكَ وَمَا يُضِلُّونَ إِلاَّ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَضُرُّونَكَ مِن شَىْءٍ وَأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَـبَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُ وَكَانَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ عَظِيماً
(110. And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but afterwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
(111. And whoever earns sin, he earns it only against himself. And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.)
(112. And whoever earns a fault or a sin and then blames it on someone innocent, he has indeed burdened himself with falsehood and a manifest sin.)
(113. Had not the grace of Allah and His mercy been upon you, a party of them would certainly have made a decision to mislead you, but they mislead none except their own selves, and no harm can they do to you in the least. Allah has sent down to you the Book, and the Hikmah, and taught you that which you knew not. And ever great is the grace of Allah unto you.)
Allah emphasizes His generosity and kindness, in that He forgives whoever repents to Him from whatever evil they commit. Allah said,
وَمَن يَعْمَلْ سُوءاً أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ يَجِدِ اللَّهَ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً
(And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but afterwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) `Ali bin Abi Talhah said that Ibn `Abbas commented about this Ayah, "Allah informs His servants of His forgiveness, forbearing generosity and expansive mercy. So whoever commits a sin, whether minor or major,
ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ يَجِدِ اللَّهَ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً
(but afterwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) even if his sins were greater than the heavens, the earth and the mountains.'' Imam Ahmad recorded that `Ali said, "Whenever I hear anything from the Messenger of Allah, Allah benefits me with whatever He wills of that. Abu Bakr told me, and Abu Bakr has said the truth, that the Messenger of Allah said,
«مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يُذْنِبُ ذَنْبًا، ثُمَّ يَتَوَضَّأُ فَيُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ لِذلِكَ الذَّنْبِ، إِلَّا غَفَرَ لَه»
(No Muslim commits a sin and then performs ablution, prays two Rak`ahs and begs Allah for forgiveness for that sin, but He forgives him.) He then recited these two Ayat,
وَمَن يَعْمَلْ سُوءاً أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ
(And whoever does evil or wrongs himself), and,
وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا فَعَلُواْ فَـحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُواْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ
(And those who, when they have committed Fahishah or wronged themselves with evil).'' Allah's statement,
وَمَن يَكْسِبْ إِثْماً فَإِنَّمَا يَكْسِبُهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ
(And whoever earns sin, he earns it only against himself.) is similar to His statement,
وَلاَ تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى
(And no bearer of burdens shall bear the burden of another). So no one will avail anyone else. Rather, every soul, and none else, shall carry its own burden. This is why Allah said,
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيماً حَكِيماً
(And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) meaning, this occurs due to His knowledge, wisdom, fairness and mercy.
وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُ
(and taught you that which you knew not.), before this revelation was sent down to you. Similarly, Allah said,
وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ
(And thus We have sent to you (O Muhammad ) a Ruh (a revelation, and a mercy) of Our command. You knew not what is the Book) until the end of the Surah. Allah said,
وَمَا كُنتَ تَرْجُو أَن يُلْقَى إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَـبُ إِلاَّ رَحْمَةً مِّن رَّبِّكَ
(And you were not expecting that the Book (this Qur'an) would be sent down to you, but it is a mercy from your Lord). So Allah said;
وَكَانَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ عَظِيماً
(And ever great is the grace of Allah unto you (O Muhammad )).
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Mencakup dosa kecil maupun dosa besar.
Hukumannya baik hukuman dunia maupun akhirat ditanggung oleh dirinya, tidak ditanggung oleh yang lain sebagaimana firman Allah Ta'ala, "Bahwasanya seorang yang berdosa tidak akan memikul dosa orang lain," (Terj. An Najm: 38). Akan tetapi, jika kemaksiatan nampak dan tidak diingkari, maka hukuman dan dosanya bisa menimpa secara merata, dan yang demikian masih termasuk ke dalam surat An Najm ayat 38 tersebut, karena orang yang tidak mengingkari hal yang wajib diingkari padahal dirinya mampu, maka sama saja ia telah mengerjakan kesalahan. Dalam ayat di atas terdapat bukti keadilan Allah dan kebijaksanaan-Nya, di mana Dia tidak menghukum orang lain karena kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang dan tidak menghukum lebih dari dosa yang dilakukan.
Yakni Maha sempurna ilmu dan kebijaksanaan-Nya. Di antara ilmu-Nya dan kebijaksanaan-Nya adalah Dia mengetahui dosa dan apa saja yang timbul daripadanya, sebab yang mendorong untuk melakukannya, hukuman dari perbuatan yang dilakukan. Dia juga mengetahui keadaan orang yang berdosa, jika seseorang melakukannya karena hawa nafsu dalam hatinya yang memerintahkan kepada keburukan, namun ia senantiasa kembali kepada Tuhannya di setiap waktunya, maka Dia akan mengampuni dan memberinya taufiq untuk bertobat. Sebaliknya, jika kemaksiatan dilakukan karena meremehkan perhatian Allah kepadanya dan meremehkan siksa-Nya, maka orang seperti ini nampaknya jauh dari ampunan dan taufiq-Nya untuk bertobat.
