۞ لَا يُحِبُّ اللَّهُ الْجَهْرَ بِالسُّوءِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ إِلَّا مَنْ ظُلِمَ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ سَمِيعًا عَلِيمًا
Allah does not like the public mention of evil except by one who has been wronged. And ever is Allah Hearing and Knowing.
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(Allah loveth not the utterance of harsh speech…) [4:148]. Said Mujahid: “One man sought hospitality withsome people. However, because they did not show him proper hospitality, he complained about them. Andso this verse was revealed, giving him dispensation to complain”.
لاَّ يُحِبُّ اللَّهُ الْجَهْرَ بِالسُّوءِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ إِلاَّ مَن ظُلِمَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ سَمِيعاً عَلِيماً - إِن تُبْدُواْ خَيْراً أَوْ تُخْفُوهْ أَوْ تَعْفُواْ عَن سُوءٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوّاً قَدِيراً
(148. Allah does not like that the evil should be uttered in public except by him who has been wronged. And Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Knower.)
(149. Whether you disclose a good deed or conceal it, or pardon an evil, verily, Allah is Ever Pardoning, All-Powerful.)
`Ali bin Abi Talhah said that Ibn `Abbas commented on the Ayah,
لاَّ يُحِبُّ اللَّهُ الْجَهْرَ بِالسُّوءِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ
(Allah does not like that the evil should be uttered in public) "Allah does not like that any one should invoke Him against anyone else, unless one was wronged. In this case, Allah allows one to invoke Him against whoever wronged him. Hence Allah's statement,
إَلاَّ مَن ظَلَمَ
(except by him who has been wronged.) Yet, it is better for one if he observes patience.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri commented, "One should not invoke Allah (for curses) against whoever wronged him. Rather, he should supplicate, `O Allah! Help me against him and take my right from him.''' In another narration, Al-Hasan said, "Allah has allowed one to invoke Him against whoever wronged him without transgressing the limits.'' `Abdul-Karim bin Malik Al-Jazari said about this Ayah; "When a man curses you, you could curse him in retaliation. But if he lies about you, you may not lie about him.
وَلَمَنِ انتَصَرَ بَعْدَ ظُلْمِهِ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِّن سَبِيلٍ
(And indeed whosoever takes revenge after he has suffered wrong, for such there is no way (of blame) against them. )'' Abu Dawud recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«المُسْتَبَّانِ مَا قَالَا، فَعَلَى الْبَادِئ مِنْهُمَا مَا لَمْ يَعْتَدِ الْمَظْلُوم»
(Whatever words are uttered by those who curse each other, then he who started it will carry the burden thereof, unless the one who was wronged transgresses the limit.) Allah said,
إِن تُبْدُواْ خَيْراً أَوْ تُخْفُوهْ أَوْ تَعْفُواْ عَن سُوءٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوّاً قَدِيراً
(Whether you disclose a good deed, or conceal it, or pardon an evil; verily, Allah is Ever Pardoning, All-Powerful.) Meaning when you, mankind, admit to a good favor done to you, or conceal it, and forgive those who wrong you, then this will bring you closer to Allah and increase your reward with Him. Among Allah's attributes is that He forgives and pardons His servants, although He is able to punish them. Hence Allah's statement,
فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوّاً قَدِيراً
(Verily, Allah is Ever Pardoning, All-Powerful.) It was reported that some of the angels who carry Allah's Throne praise Him saying, "All praise is due to You for Your forbearing even though You have perfect knowledge (in all evil committed).'' Some of them supplicate, "All praise is due to You for Your forgiving even though You have perfect ability (to punish).'' An authentic Hadith states,
«مَا نَقَصَ مَالٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ، وَلَا زَادَ اللهُ عَبْدًا بِعَفْوٍ إِلَّا عِزًّا، وَمَنْ تَوَاضَعَ للهِ رَفَعَهُ الله»
(No charity shall ever decrease wealth, and Allah will only increase the honor of a servant who pardons, and he who is humble for Allah's sake, then Allah will elevate his grade.)
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Dia membenci, murka dan akan menghukum pelakunya.
Perkataan buruk misalnya mencela orang, memaki, menuduh, menerangkan keburukan-keburukan orang lain, menyinggung perasaan seseorang, dan sebagainya. Mafhum ayat di atas menunjukkan bahwa Allah menyukai perkataan yang baik, seperti dzikr, kata-kata yang baik dan lembut, dsb.
Dengan mengemukakan kepada hakim atau penguasa keburukan-keburukan orang yang menzaliminya tanpa berdusta, menambah-nambah dan tidak sampai menyalahkan orang yang tidak berbuat zalim. Namun demikian, memaafkannya dan tidak membalasnya lebih utama.
Karena ayat di atas membicarakan tentang perkataan yang buruk, demikian juga termasuk perkataan yang baik dan yang mubah, maka Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala memberitahukan bahwa Dia Maha Mendengar, Dia mendengar perkataan kamu, oleh karena itu, berhati-hatilah kamu dari berkata-kata yang dapat membuat Tuhanmu benci sehingga kamu diberi hukuman. Dalam ayat ini juga terdapat dorongan untuk berkata-kata yang baik.
Dia mengetahui niatmu dan sebab keluar perkataan itu.
