وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَىٰ
Nor does he speak from [his own] inclination.
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(Didst thou (O Muhammad) observe him who turned away, And gave a little, then was grudging?) [53:33-34]. Ibn ‘Abbas, al-Suddi and al-Musayyib ibn Sharik said: “This was revealed about ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan whoused to spend his wealth on alms and good causes. His milk brother, ‘Abd Allah ibn Abi Sarh, said to him:‘What is this that you are doing? You have almost nothing left’. ‘Uthman said: ‘I have committed sins andmistakes and I seek the pleasure of Allah, glorious and majestic is He, in that which I do; I hope He willpardon me’. ‘Abd Allah said to him: ‘Give me your camel with its load and I will bear for you all your sins’. Hegave him what he asked for and got people to witness it. He also stopped giving some of the alms he usedto give. Allah, glorious and majestic is He, therefore, revealed (Didst thou (O Muhammad) observe him whoturned away, And gave a little, then was grudging?) upon which ‘Uthman returned to what he used to do;he did even better”. Mujahid and Ibn Zayd said: “This was revealed about al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah. Thelatter had followed the religion of the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace. But one of theidolaters reviled him for it, saying: ‘Why did you leave the religion of the elders whom you claimed were inerror and are abiding in hellfire?’ He said: ‘I feared Allah’s chastisement’. The man gave him assurances thathe will bear in his stead the chastisement of Allah, glorious and majestic is He, in exchange for some of hiswealth and on condition that he reverts to his idolatry. Al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah gave the man some of whatthey had agreed but then felt miserly and refused to give him the rest. Allah, exalted is He, then revealedthis verse”.
وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى - مَا ضَلَّ صَـحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَى - وَمَا يَنطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى - إِنْ هُوَ إِلاَّ وَحْىٌ يُوحَى
(1. By the star when it goes down.)
(2. Your companion has neither gone astray nor has he erred.)
(3. Nor does he speak of desire.)
(4. It is only a revelation revealed.)
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ash-Sha`bi and others stated that the Creator swears by whatever He wills among His creation, but the created only vow by the Creator. Allah said,
وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى
(By the star when it goes down.) Ibn Abi Najih reported that Mujahid said, "The star refers to Pleiades when it sets at Fajr.'' Ad-Dahhak said "When the Shayatin are shot with it.'' And this Ayah is like Allah's saying;
فَلاَ أُقْسِمُ بِمَوَقِعِ النُّجُومِ - وَإِنَّهُ لَقَسَمٌ لَّوْ تَعْلَمُونَ عَظِيمٌ - إِنَّهُ لَقُرْءَانٌ كَرِيمٌ - فِى كِتَـبٍ مَّكْنُونٍ - لاَّ يَمَسُّهُ إِلاَّ الْمُطَهَّرُونَ - تَنزِيلٌ مِّن رَّبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ
(So, I swear by the setting of the stars. And verily, that is indeed a great oath, if you but know. That is indeed an honorable recitation. In a Book well-guarded. Which none can touch but the pure. A revelation from the Lord of all that exists.)(56:75-80) Allah said;
مَا ضَلَّ صَـحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَى
(Your companion has neither gone astray nor has erred.) This contains the subject of the oath. This part of the Ayah is the witness that the Messenger of Allah is sane and a follower of Truth. He is neither led astray, such as in the case of the ignorant who does not proceed on any path with knowledge, nor is he one who erred, such as in the case of the knowledgeable, who knows the Truth, yet deviates from it intentionally to something else. Therefore, Allah exonerated His Messenger and his Message from being similar to the misguided ways of the Christians and the erroneous paths of the Jews, such as knowing the Truth and hiding it, while abiding by falsehood. Rather, he, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him, and his glorious Message that Allah has sent him with, are on the perfect straight path, following guidance and what is correct.
Allah said,
وَمَا يَنطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى
(Nor does he speak of desire), asserting that nothing the Prophet utters is of his own desire or wish,
إِنْ هُوَ إِلاَّ وَحْىٌ يُوحَى
(It is only a revelation revealed.), means, he only conveys to the people what he was commanded to convey, in its entirety without additions or deletions. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Umamah said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say,
«لَيَدْخُلَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ بِشَفَاعَةِ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ بِنَبِيَ مِثْلُ الْحَيَّيْنِ أَوْ مِثْلُ أَحَدِ الْحَيَّيْنِ رَبِيعَةَ وَمُضَر»
(Verily, numbers similar to the two tribes, or one of them, Rabi`ah and Mudar, will enter Paradise on account of the intercession of one man, who is not a Prophet.) A man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Is not Rabi`ah a subtribe of Mudar.'' The Prophet said,
«إِنَّمَا أَقُولُ مَا أَقُول»
(I said what I said.) Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr said, "I used to record everything I heard from the Messenger of Allah so it would be preserved. The Quraysh discouraged me from this, saying, `You record everything you hear from the Messenger of Allah , even though he is human and sometimes speaks when he is angry' I stopped recording the Hadiths for a while, but later mentioned what they said to the Messenger of Allah , who said,
«اكْتُبْ، فَوَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا خَرَجَ مِنِّي إِلَّا الْحَق»
(Write! By He in Whose Hand is my soul, every word that comes out of me is the Truth.)'' Abu Dawud also collected this Hadith.
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