هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لَا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَىٰ مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ حَتَّىٰ يَنْفَضُّوا ۗ وَلِلَّهِ خَزَائِنُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلَٰكِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ
They are the ones who say, "Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah until they disband." And to Allah belongs the depositories of the heavens and the earth, but the hypocrites do not understand.
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(They it is who say: Spend not on behalf of those (who dwell) with Allah's messenger…) [63:7]. 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Abdan informed us> Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Hafiz> Abu'l-'AbbasMuhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mahbubi> Sa'id ibn Mas'ud> 'Ubayd Allah ibn Musa> Isra'il> Abu Sa'id al-Azdi>Zayd ibn Arqam who said: “We went out in a military expedition with the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless himand give him peace, and some desert Arabs came along with us. We used to hasten for water but the desertArabs always preceded us to it. Once a desert Arab got to the water first, he would fill the pond, circle itwith stones and place a leather mat on it until his friends would arrive. One man from the Helpers camealong wanting to let his camel drink from one such pond, but a desert Arab refused to let him use the pond.The Helper removed one of the stones encircling the water which caused the water to spill. The desert Arabgrabbed a piece of wood and struck him on the head, fracturing his skull in the process. The Helper went to'Abd Allah ibn Ubayy, the leader of the hypocrites, and informed him of the incident. This Helper was one ofthe followers of Ibn Ubayy. 'Abd Allah ibn Ubayy got very angry and said: 'Do not spend on those who arewith the Messenger of Allah, until they [i.e. the desert Arabs] disperse'. He also said to his followers: 'Whenyou go back to Medina, let the most powerful drive the weakest out of Medina'. Zayd ibn Arqam said: 'I wasriding behind my uncle and I heard what 'Abd Allah said. I told my uncle of what I heard and he informedthe Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him andgive him peace, then summoned 'Abd Allah ibn Ubayy. But the latter denied that he ever said what he wasaccused of and swore that he never said it. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace,believed him and disbelieved me. My uncle came to me and said: 'All you have done is that you caused theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, to loath you and the Muslims to give you the lie'.Nobody had suffered the same distress which I did as a result of this. However, as I was walking one daywith the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, he approached me, rubbed my ear andsmiled at me. I would not have exchanged this for the whole world. The following morning, the Messengerof Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, read Surah al-Munafiqun (When the hypocrites come unto thee(O Muhammad) they say: We bear witness that thou art indeed His messenger… They it is who say: Spendnot on behalf of those (who dwell) with Allah's messenger that they may disperse) [63:1-7] until he reached(… the mightier will soon drive out the weaker) [63:8]' ”. The commentators of the Qur'an and authors ofthe biography of the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: “The Messenger of Allah prepared amilitary expedition against Banu'l-Mustaliq, and on his way to them he camped at a source of water, calledal-Muraysi', which belonged to them. People came forward to get water. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab had with hima hireling from Banu Ghifar by the name of Jahjah ibn Sa'id. The latter led 'Umar's horse to drink. A jostleabout the water ensued between Jahjah and Sinan al-Juhani, the ally of Banu 'Awf from the Khazraj and thetwo of them had a fight. Al-Juhani cried: 'O Helpers [help!]' and the Ghifari shouted: 'O Emigrants [help!]' Apoor man from the Emigrants by the name of Ju'al came to the rescue of Jahjah. 'Abd Allah ibn Ubayy saidto him: 'You, out of all people!' Ju'al said: 'And what stops me from getting involved?' And he let his tongueloose on 'Abd Allah ibn Ubayy. 'Abd Allah ibn Ubayy then said: 'By Him through Whom one swears, I willleave you now, but you will see what will happen to you'. 'Abd Allah was furious. He commented further: 'ByAllah, our situation with these people is as one poet has once said: Fatten your dog, it will devour you.Verily, by Allah, if we do return to Medina, the mighty amongst us shall drive out the weak from it'. By themighty he was referring to himself and by the weak to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give himpeace. He then addressed those who were present from among his own people, saying: 'You have broughtthis on yourselves: you welcomed them in your land and shared with them your wealth. By Allah, if youwere to withhold your surplus of food from Ju'al and his family, they would not oppress you and might evenleave your land. Do not, therefore, spend on them until they disperse from Muhammad'. Zayd ibn Arqam,who was there present, said: 'By Allah, you are the one who is weak, isolated and hated amongst your ownpeople while Muhammad is mighty by the will of the All-merciful and affection of all Muslims. By Allah, I willnever love you after what you have just said!' 'Abd Allah said to him: 'Be quiet, I was just jesting'. Zayd ibnArqam went straight to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give peace, and informed him of whathad happened. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab who was there said: 'O Messenger of Allah, let me strike his neck!' 'Ifyou did that, a lot of people in Yathrib will rise to avenge him', answered the Prophet, Allah bless him andgive him peace. 'Umar said: 'If you dislike that he be killed by a man from the Emigrants, then ask Sa'd ibn'Ubadah, Muhammad ibn Maslamah or 'Ubadah ibn Bishr to kill him'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless himand give him peace, said: 'People will say, in that case, that Muhammad is killing his own Companions'. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, then sent for 'Abd Allah ibn Ubayy and, when hecame, asked him: 'Did you say the things which were reported to me about you?' 'Abd Allah said: 'By Himwho revealed the Book to you, I did not say any such thing; Zayd is a liar!' 'Abd Allah was treated as a nobleand highly-respected person by his people. Those who were present among the Helpers said: 'O Messengerof Allah, 'Abd Allah is our leader and chief, do not believe what one boy of the Helpers says about him; hecould be mistaken about what he has heard and did not report it properly'. The Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, gave 'Abd Allah the benefit of the doubt. The fingers of blame among theHelpers all pointed to Zayd. They all gave him the lie. His uncle said to him: 'All you have done is that theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, has given you the lie and the Muslims detest you'.After this, Zayd was ashamed to go near the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace. When theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, departed he was met by Usayd ibn Hudayr. TheProphet, Allah bless him and give him peace, said to him: 'Did you hear what your man. Abd Allah ibnUbayy, said?' 'And what did he say?' asked Usayd. 'He claimed that upon returning to Medina the mighty willdrive out the weak'. Usayd: 'It is you, O Messenger of Allah, who will drive him out, if you wish. You are themighty and he is the weak'. Then he said: 'O Messenger of Allah, be gentle with him; by Allah, Allah hasbrought you when his people were preparing to crown him as their king. He thinks that you have deprivedhim of kingship'. When 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Ubayy heard about what his father had said, he went tothe Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: 'I heard that you want to kill 'AbdAllah ibn Ubayy for what you heard about him. If you are to do it, command me to kill him. I will bring youhis head! By Allah, the Khazraj know that they do not have a man who is more dutiful toward his parentsthan I am. And I fear that if you were to ask someone to kill him, my ego will not permit me to look at thekiller of 'Abd Allah walking among people and I would kill him and enter hellfire for killing a believer'. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: 'We will rather treat him well as long as he iswith us'. When the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, returned to Medina, Zayd ibnArqam said: 'I stayed at home because of anxiety and shame. Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed Surah al-Munafiqun, confirming my words and giving the lie to 'Abd Allah. When this Surah was revealed, theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, grabbed Zayd's ear and said: 'O Zayd, Allah hasconfirmed what you heard'. 'Abd Allah was then approaching Medina. His son, 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd Allah,went to camp at a spot where all the roads to Medina converged. When 'Abd Allah reached that spot, hisson said to him: 'Go back!' 'Abd Allah exclaimed, 'Woe unto you, what ails you!' His son said: 'By Allah, youwill never enter it except by leave of the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, so that youwould know today who is the mighty and who is the weak'. 'Abd Allah complained to the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, about what his own son did, and the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless himand give him peace, sent to 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd Allah asking him to let his father enter Medina. When hereceived the order of the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, he said: 'Yes, now you canenter!' And he entered Medina. When this Surah was revealed and it was clear that he lied, people said tohim: 'O Abu Hubab! Severe verses of the Qur'an have been revealed about you, why do you not go to theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, so that he asks forgiveness for you'. But he justturned his face away. This is what is referred to by the saying of Allah, exalted is He (And when it said untothem: Come! The messenger of Allah will ask forgiveness for you! They avert their faces…) [63:5]”.
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْاْ يَسْتَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لَوَّوْاْ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَرَأَيْتَهُمْ يَصُدُّونَ وَهُم مُّسْتَكْبِرُونَ - سَوَآءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ لَن يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الْفَـسِقِينَ - هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لاَ تُنفِقُواْ عَلَى مَنْ عِندَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَنفَضُّواْ وَلِلَّهِ خَزَآئِنُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَلَـكِنَّ الْمُنَـفِقِينَ لاَ يَفْقَهُونَ - يَقُولُونَ لَئِن رَّجَعْنَآ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الاٌّعَزُّ مِنْهَا الاٌّذَلَّ وَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَـكِنَّ الْمُنَـفِقِينَ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ
(5. And when it is said to them: "Come, so that the Messenger of Allah may ask forgiveness from Allah for you,'' they twist their heads, and you would see them turning away their faces in pride.)
(6. It is equal to them whether you ask forgiveness or ask not forgiveness for them, Allah will never forgive them. Verily, Allah guides not the people who are the rebellious.)
(7. They are the ones who say: "Spend not on those who are with Allah's Messenger, until they desert him.'' And to Allah belong the treasures of the heavens and the earth, but the hypocrites comprehend not.)
(8. They say: "If we return to Al-Madinah, indeed the more honorable will expel therefrom the weaker.'' But Al-
Izzah belongs to Allah, and to His Messenger, and to the believers, but the hypocrites know not.)
Allah the Exalted states about the hypocrites, may Allah curse them,
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْاْ يَسْتَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لَوَّوْاْ رُءُوسَهُمْ
(And when it is said to them: "Come, so that the Messenger of Allah may ask forgiveness from Allah for you,'' they twist their heads,) meaning, they turn away, ignoring this call in arrogance, belitt- ling what they are invited to. This is why Allah the Exalted said,
وَرَأَيْتَهُمْ يَصُدُّونَ وَهُم مُّسْتَكْبِرُونَ
(and you would see them turning away their faces in pride.) Allah punished them for this behavior, saying,
سَوَآءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ لَن يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الْفَـسِقِينَ
(It is equal to them whether you ask forgiveness or ask not forgiveness for them, Allah will never forgive them. Verily, Allah guides not the people who are the rebellious.) As Allah said in Surat Bara'ah, and a discussion preceded there, and here we will present some of the Hadiths reported that are related to it. Several of the Salaf mentioned that this entire passage was revealed in the case of `Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul, as we will soon mention, Allah willing and our trust and reliance are on Him. In his book, As-Sirah, Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "After the battle of Uhud ended, the Prophet returned to Al-Madinah. `Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul -- as Ibn Shihab narrated to me -- would stand up every Friday, without objection from anyone because he was a chief of his people, when the Prophet would sit on the Minbar, just before he delivered the Jumu`ah Khutbah to the people. `Abdullah bin Ubay would say, `O people! This is the Messenger of Allah with you. Allah has honored us by sending him and gave you might through him. Support him, honor him and listen to and obey him.' He would then sit down. So after the battle of Uhud, even after he did what he did, that is, returning to Al-Madinah with a third of the army, he stood up to say the same words. But the Muslims held on to his clothes and said to him, `Sit down, O enemy of Allah! You are not worthy to stand after you did what you did.' `Abdullah went out of the Masjid crossing people's lines and saying, `By Allah, it is as if I said something awful when I wanted to support him.' Some men from Al-Ansar met him at the gate of the Masjid and asked him what happened. He said, `I just stood up to support him and some men, his Companions, jumped at me, pulled me back and admonished me, as if what I said was an awful thing; I merely wanted to support him.' They said to him, `Woe to you! Go back so that Allah's Messenger asks Allah to forgive you.' He said, `By Allah, I do not wish that he ask Allah to forgive me.''' Qatadah and As-Suddi said, "This Ayah was revealed about `Abdullah bin Ubay. A young relative of his went to Allah's Messenger and conveyed to him an awful statement that `Abdullah said. The Messenger called `Abdullah, who swore by Allah that he did not say anything. The Ansar went to that boy and admonished him. However, Allah sent down what you hear about `Abdullah's case and Allah's enemy was told, `Go to Allah's Messenger,' but he turned his head away, saying that he will not do it.'' Muhammad bin Ishaq said that Muhammad bin Yahya bin Hibban, `Abdullah bin Abi Bakr and `Asim bin `Umar bin Qatadah narrated to him the story of Bani Al-Mustaliq. They said that while the Messenger of Allah was in that area, Jahjah bin Sa`id Al-Ghifari, a hired hand for `Umar, and Sinan bin Wabr fought over the water source. Sinan called out, "O Ansar'', while Al-Jahjah called, "O Muhajirin!'' Zayd bin Arqam and several Ansar men were sitting with `Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul at that time. When `Abdullah heard what happened, he said, "They are bothering us in our land. By Allah, the parable of us and these foolish Quraysh men, is the parable that goes, `Feed your dog until it becomes strong, and it will eat you.' By Allah, when we go back to Al-Madinah, the most mighty will expel the weak from it.'' He then addressed his people who were sitting with him, saying to them, "What have you done to yourselves You let them settle in your land and shared your wealth with them. By Allah, if you abandon them, they will have to move to another area other than yours.'' Zayd bin Arqam heard these words and conveyed them to Allah's Messenger . Zayd was a young boy then. `Umar bin Al-Khattab was with the Messenger and he said, "O Allah's Messenger! Order `Abbad bin Bishr to cut off his head at his neck.'' The Prophet replied,
«فَكَيْفَ إِذَا تَحَدَّثَ النَّاسُ يَا عُمَرُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يَقْتُلُ أَصْحَابَهُ، لَا، وَلَكِنْ نَادِ يَا عُمَرُ الرَّحِيل»
(What if people started saying that Muhammad kills his companions, O `Umar No. However, order the people to start the journey (back to Al-Madinah).) When `Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul was told that his statement reached Allah's Prophet , he went to him and denied saying it. He swore by Allah that he did not utter the statement that Zayd bin Arqam conveyed. `Abdullah bin Ubay was a chief of his people and they said, "O Allah's Messenger! May be the young boy merely guessed and did not hear what was said correctly.'' Allah's Messenger started the journey at an unusual hour of the day and was met by Usayd bin Al-Hudayr, who greeted him acknowledging his prophethood. Usayd said, "By Allah! You are about to begin the journey at an unusual time.'' The Prophet said,
«أَمَا بَلَغَكَ مَا قَالَ صَاحِبُكَ ابْنُ أُبَيَ؟ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ سَيُخْرِجُ الْأَعَزُّ مِنْهَا الْأَذَل»
(Did not the statement of your friend, Ibn Ubay reach you He claimed that when he returns to Al-Madinah, the mighty one will expel the weak one out of it.) Usayd said, "Indeed, you are the mighty one, O Allah's Messenger, and he is the disgraced one.'' Usayd said, "Take it easy with him, O Allah's Messenger! By Allah, when Allah brought you to us, we were about to gather the pearls (of a crown) so that we appoint him king over us. He thinks that you have rid him of his kingship.'' The Messenger of Allah traveled with the people until the night fell, then the rest of the night until the beginning of the next day and then set camp with the people. He wanted to busy them from talking about what had happened. The minute people felt the ground under their feet, they went to sleep and Surat Al-Munafiqin was revealed. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah said, "We were in a battle with Allah's Messenger and a man from the Emigrants kicked an Ansari man. The Ansari man called out, `O Ansar!' and the Emigrant called out, `O Emigrants!' Allah's Messenger heard that and said,
«مَا بَالُ دَعْوَى الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ؟ دَعُوهَا فَإِنَّهَا مُنْتِنَة»
(What is this call of Jahiliyyah Abandon it because it is offensive.) `Abdullah bin Ubay heard that and said, `Have they (the Emigrants) done so By Allah, if we return to Al-Madinah, surely, the more honorable will expel therefrom the meaner.' The Ansar at that time, were more numerous that the Emigrants when the Messenger of Allah came to Al-Madinah, but later on the Emigrants imcreased in number. When this statement reached the Prophet , `Umar got up and said, `O Allah's Messenger! Let me chop off the head of this hypocrite!' The Prophet said:
«دَعْهُ، لَا يَتَحَدَّثُ النَّاسُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يَقْتُلُ أَصْحَابَه»
(Leave him, lest the people say that Muhammad kills his companions.)'' Imam Ahmad, Al-Bukhari and Muslim collected this Hadith. `Ikrimah and Ibn Zayd and others said that when the Prophet and his Companions went back to Al-Madinah,`Abdullah, the son of `Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul, remained by the gate of Al-Madinah holding his sword. People passed by him as they returned to Al-Madinah, and then his father came. `Abdullah, son of `Abdullah, said to his father, "Stay where you are,'' and his father asked what the matter was His son said, "By Allah! You will enter through here until the Messenger of Allah allows you to do so, for he is the honorable one and you are the disgraced.'' When the Messenger of Allah came by, and he used to be in the last lines, `Abdullah bin Ubay complained to him about his son and his son said, "By Allah, O Allah's Messenger! He will not enter it until you say so.'' The Messenger gave his permission to `Abdullah bin Ubay and his son said, "Enter, now that the Messenger of Allah gave you his permission.'' In his Musnad, Abu Bakr `Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr Al-Humaydi recorded from Abu Harun Al-Madani that `Abdullah, the son of `Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul, said to his father, "You will never enter Al-Madinah unless and until you say, `Allah's Messenger is the honorable one and I am the disgraced.'' When the Prophet came, `Abdullah, son of `Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul said to him, "O Allah's Messenger! I was told that you have decided to have my father executed. By He Who has sent you with Truth, I never looked straight to his face out of respect for him. But if you wish, I will bring you his head, because I would hate to see the killer of my father.''
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Imam Bukhari meriwayatkan dengan sanadnya yang sampai kepada Muhammad bin Kaâab Al Qurazhiy ia berkata: Aku mendengar Zaid bin Arqam radhiyallahu 'anhu (berkata), âKetika Abdullah bin Ubay berkata, âJanganlah kamu berinfak kepada orang-orang yang berada di sisi Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam,â ia juga berkata, âSungguh, jika kita telah kembali ke Madinahâ¦dst.â Maka aku beritahukan hal itu kepada Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam lalu orang-orang Anshar mencelaku, dan Abdullah bersumpah bahwa dia tidak berkata demikian, maka aku pulang ke rumah dan tidur, lalu Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam memanggilku dan berkata, âSesungguhnya Allah telah membenarkanmu.â Dan turunlah ayat, âMereka yang berkata (kepada orang-orang Anshar), "Janganlah kamu bersedekahâ¦dst.â
Ini termasuk kerasnya permusuhan mereka kepada Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam dan kaum muslimin ketika mereka melihat kaum muslimin bersatu. Mereka menganggap bahwa tanpa harta dan nafkah mereka (kaum munafik) tentu mereka (kaum muslimin) tidak akan berkumpul membela agama Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam. Sungguh hal ini merupakan sesuatu yang paling aneh, yaitu karena kaum munafik yang sangat senang agama Islam terlantar dan kaum muslimin tersakiti menyangka demikian, dimana sangkaan ini hanyalah laris di kalangan orang-orang yang tidak mengetahui keadaan yang sebenarnya. Oleh karena itulah dalam lanjutan ayat Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala membantah mereka dengan firman-Nya, âPadahal milik Allah-lah perbendaharaan langit dan bumi.â Yakni Dia yang memberi rezeki kepada siapa yang Dia kehendaki dan menghalangi dari siapa yang Dia kehendaki, memudahkan sebab bagi siapa yang Dia kehendaki dan menyusahkan kepada siapa yang Dia kehendaki.
Dia akan memberi rezeki kepada kaum muhajirin dan selain mereka.
Sehingga mengatakan demikian yang isinya memberi kesan bahwa perbendaharaan rezeki ada di tangan mereka dan di bawah kehendak mereka.
