يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ وَأَوْلَادِكُمْ عَدُوًّا لَكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ ۚ وَإِنْ تَعْفُوا وَتَصْفَحُوا وَتَغْفِرُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
O you who have believed, indeed, among your wives and your children are enemies to you, so beware of them. But if you pardon and overlook and forgive - then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
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(O ye who believe! Lo! among your wives and your children there are enemies for you, therefor beware ofthem. And if ye efface and overlook and forgive, then lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful) [64:14]. Said Ibn‘Abbas: “Some men used to embrace Islam but, upon trying to migrate, were prevented from doing so bytheir families and children. The latter would plead with them, saying: ‘We plead with you, by Allah, not toleave your family and clan and depart to Medina where you have no family or wealth’. Some of these mentook pity on their family and children and stayed back, thus failing to migrate, and so Allah, exalted is He,revealed this verse”. Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Shaybani informed us> Abu’l-Fadl Ahmad ibnIsma‘il ibn Yahya ibn Hazim> ‘Umar ibn Muhammad ibn Bujayr> Muhammad ibn ‘Umar al-Maqdimi> Ash‘athibn ‘Abd Allah> Shu‘bah> Isma‘il ibn Abi Khalid who said: “Some men used to embrace Islam but then facedthe rebuke of their families and children, and so this verse was revealed (O ye who believe! Lo! among yourwives and your children there are enemies for you, therefor beware of them…)”. Reporting from Ibn ‘Abbas,‘Ikrimah said: “This refers to those who were prevented by their families from emigrating to Medina. Whenthey finally migrated and saw that people had gained a clear understanding of the religion, they were aboutto punish those members of their family who prevented them from migrating, and so Allah, exalted is He,revealed (And if ye efface and overlook and forgive, then lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful)”.
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ وَأَوْلـدِكُمْ عَدُوّاً لَّكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ وَإِن تَعْفُواْ وَتَصْفَحُواْ وَتَغْفِرُواْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ - إِنَّمَآ أَمْوَلُكُمْ وَأَوْلَـدُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ وَاللَّهُ عِنْدَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ - فَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ وَاسْمَعُواْ وَأَطِيعُواْ وَأَنْفِقُواْ خَيْراً لاًّنفُسِكُمْ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ - إِن تُقْرِضُواْ اللَّهَ قَرْضاً حَسَناً يُضَـعِفْهُ لَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ شَكُورٌ حَلِيمٌ - عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ
(14. O you who believe! Verily, among your wives and your children there are enemies for you; therefore beware of them! But if you pardon (them) and overlook, and forgive, then verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
(15. Your wealth and your children are only a Fitnah, whereas Allah! With Him is a great reward.)
(16. So have Taqwa of Allah as much as you can; listen and obey, and spend in charity; that is better for yourselves. And whosoever is saved from his own greed, then they are the successful ones.)
(17. If you lend to Allah a handsome loan, He will double it for you, and will forgive you. And Allah is Shakur, Halim,)
(18. All-Knower of the unseen and seen, the Almighty, the All-Wise.)
Allah states that some wives and children are enemies to their husbands and fathers, in that they might be busied with them rather than with performing the good deeds. Allah said in another Ayah,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تُلْهِكُمْ أَمْوَلُكُمْ وَلاَ أَوْلَـدُكُمْ عَن ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْخَـسِرُونَ
(O you who believe! Let not your properties or you children divert you from the remembrance of Allah. And whosoever does that then they are the losers.) (63:9) Allah the Exalted said here,
(therefore, beware of them!) for your religion, according to Ibn Zayd. Mujahid explained the Ayah ,
إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ وَأَوْلـدِكُمْ عَدُوّاً لَّكُمْ
(Verily, among your wives and your children there are enemies for you;) by saying, "They might direct the man to sever his relation or disobey his Lord. The man, who loves his wives and children, might obey them in this case.'' Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn `Abbas said to a man who asked him about this Ayah,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ وَأَوْلـدِكُمْ عَدُوّاً لَّكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ
(O you who believe! Verily, among your wives and your children there are enemies for you; therefore beware of them!) "There were men who embraced Islam in Makkah and wanted to migrate to Allah's Messenger . However, their wives and children refused to allow them. Later when they joined Allah's Messenger , they found that those who were with him (the Companions) have gained knowledge in the religion, so they were about to punish their wives and children. Allah the Exalted sent down this Ayah,
وَإِن تَعْفُواْ وَتَصْفَحُواْ وَتَغْفِرُواْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
(But if you pardon (them) and overlook, and forgive, then verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.)'' At-Tirmidhi collected this Hadith and said that it is Hasan Sahih. Allah's statement,
إِنَّمَآ أَمْوَلُكُمْ وَأَوْلَـدُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ وَاللَّهُ عِنْدَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ
(Your wealth and your children are only a Fintah, whereas Allah! With Him is a great reward.) Allah said that the wealth and children are a test and trial from Allah the Exalted for His creatures, so that He knows those who obey Him and those who disobey Him. Allah's statement,
وَاللَّهُ عِنْدَهُ
(whereas Allah! With Him) meaning, on the Day of Resurrection,
أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ
(is a great reward.) As Allah said;
زُيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ حُبُّ الشَّهَوَتِ مِنَ النِّسَآءِ وَالْبَنِينَ وَالْقَنَـطِيرِ الْمُقَنطَرَةِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ وَالْخَيْلِ الْمُسَوَّمَةِ وَالأَنْعَـمِ وَالْحَرْثِ ذَلِكَ مَتَـعُ الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَاللَّهُ عِندَهُ حُسْنُ الْمَأَبِ
(Beautified for men is the love of things they covet; women children, Qanatir Al-Muqantarah of gold and silver, branded beautiful horses, cattle and well-tilled land. This is the pleasure of the present world's life; but Allah has the excellent return with him.) (3:14), and the Ayah after it. Imam Ahmad recorded that Buraydah said, "The Messenger of Allah was giving a speech and Al-Hasan and Husayn came in wearing red shirts, walking and tripping. The Messenger descended from the Minbar, held them and placed them in front of them and said,
«صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ، نَظَرْتُ إِلَى هَذَيْنِ الصَّبِيَّيْنِ يَمْشِيَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ، فَلَمْ أَصْبِرْ حَتْى قَطَعْتُ حَدِيثِي وَرَفَعْتُهُمَا»
(Allah and His Messenger said the truth,`Verily, your wealth and your children are a Fitnah.' I saw these two boys walking and tripping and could not be patient until I stopped my speech and picked them up.)'' This was recorded by the Sunan compilers, and At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.''
Allah said,
فَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ
(So have Taqwa of Allah as much as you can;) meaning, as much as you are able and can bear or endure. The Two Sahihs recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«إِذَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِأَمْرٍ فَائْتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ، وَمَا نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْهُ فَاجْتَنِبُوه»
(When I command you to do something, do as much as you can of it, and whatever I forbid for you, then avoid it.) Allah's statement,
وَاسْمَعُواْ وَأَطِيعُواْ
(listen and obey,) means, obey what Allah and His Messenger command you to do and do not stray from it to the right or left. Do not utter a statement or make a decision before Allah and His Messenger issue a statement or decision. Do not ignore what you were ordered to do, nor commit what you were forbidden from doing.
Allah the Exalted said,
وَأَنْفِقُواْ خَيْراً لاًّنفُسِكُمْ
(and spend in charity; that is better for yourselves.) meaning, give from what Allah has granted you to your relatives, the poor, the needy and the weak. Be kind to Allah's creatures, just as Allah was and still is kind with you. This will be better for you in this life and the Hereafter. Otherwise, if you do not do it, it will be worse for you in this life and the Hereafter. Allah said;
وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
(And whosoever is saved from his own greed, then they are the successful ones.) This was explained with a similar Ayah in Surat Al-Hashr, where we also mentioned the relevant Hadiths. Therefore, we do not need to repeat them here, all praise and gratitude is due to Allah. Allah the Exalted said,
إِن تُقْرِضُواْ اللَّهَ قَرْضاً حَسَناً يُضَـعِفْهُ لَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ
(If you lend to Allah a handsome loan, He will double it for you, and will forgive you.) meaning, whatever you spend, then Allah will replace it, and on Him will be the reward of whatever you give away in charity. Allah considered giving charity as if it is a loan to Him, just as Allah said in a Qudsi Hadith,
«مَنْ يُقْرِضُ غَيْرَ ظَلُومٍ وَلَا عَدِيم»
("Who will give a loan to He Who is neither unjust nor poor'') This is why Allah the Exalted said in Surat Al-Baqarah,
فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً
(So that He may multiply it to him many times) (2:245) Allah said;
وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ
(and will forgive you.) meaning, He will erase your mistakes,
وَاللَّهُ شَكُورٌ
(And Allah is Shakur) meaning, He gives abundantly in return for what was little,
(Halim) means, He forgives, pardons, covers and absolves the sins, mistakes, errors and shortcomings,
عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ
(All-Knower of the unseen and seen, the Almighty, the All-Wise.) Its explanation has already preceded several times. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat At-Taghabun, all the praise and appreciation is due to Allah.
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Tirmidzi berkata: Telah menceritakan kepada kami Muhammad bin Yahya, telah menceritakan kepada kami Muhammad bin Yusuf, telah menceritakan kepada kami Israil, telah menceritakan kepada kami Simak bin Harb dari Ikrimah dari Ibnu Abbas, bahwa ia ditanya oleh seseorang tentang ayat ini, âWahai orang-orang yang beriman! sesungguhnya di antara istri-istrimu dan anak-anakmu ada yang menjadi musuh bagimu, maka berhati-hatilah kamu terhadap mereka.â Ia berkata, âMereka ini adalah laki-laki yang masuk Islam dari penduduk Mekah. Mereka ingin mendatangi Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, tetapi istri dan anak-anak mereka menolak ditinggalkan oleh mereka karena hendak datang kepada Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam. Ketika mereka telah datang kepada Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, mereka melihat orang-orang telah paham agama, maka mereka hendak menghukum (keluarga) mereka, maka Allah menurunkan ayat, âWahai orang-orang yang beriman! Sesungguhnya di antara istri-istrimu dan anak-anakmu ada yang menjadi musuh bagimu, maka berhati-hatilah kamu terhadap merekaâ¦dst.â (Tirmidzi mengatakan bahwa hadits tersebut hasan shahih. Syaikh Muqbil, âHadits tersebut juga diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Jarir juz 28 hal. 124, Hakim juz 2 hal. 490, ia berkata, âShahih isnadnya, namun keduanya (Bukhari dan Muslim) tidak meriwayatkan.â Adz Dzahabi mendiamkan pernyataan Hakim, dan diriwayatkan pula oleh Ibnu Abi Hatim sebagaimana dalam Tafsir Ibnu Katsir juz 4 hal. 376. Hadits ini berpusat pada Simak dari Ikrimah, sedangkan riwayat Simak dari Ikrimah adalah mudhtharib (guncang), sehingga hadits tersebut dhaâif.â)
Ayat ini merupakan peringatan dari Allah kepada kaum mukmin agar tidak terlalaikan oleh istri dan anak, karena sebagiannya ada yang menjadi musuh bagi mereka, yakni yang menghalangi mereka dari kebaikan. Oleh karena itu, sikap yang harus mereka lakukan adalah berwaspada, tetap melakukan perintah Allah, mengutamakan keridhaan-Nya karena di sisi-Nya ada pahala yang besar dan mengutamakan akhirat daripada dunia yang fana.
Maksudnya, terkadang istri atau anak dapat menjerumuskan suami atau ayahnya untuk melakukan perbuatan-perbuatan yang tidak dibenarkan agama atau menghalanginya dari mengerjakan kebaikan seperti berjihad dan berhijrah.
Oleh karena larangan menaati istri dan anak jika di sana terdapat bahaya terhadap seorang hamba memberikan kesan agar bersikap keras kepada mereka, maka Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala menghilangkan kesan ini dan memerintahkan mereka untuk memaafkan, tidak memarahi dan mengampuni mereka. Hal itu, karena sikap tersebut (memberi maaf) terdapat banyak maslahat.
Hal itu, karena balasan disesuaikan dengan jenis amalan. Barang siapa yang memaafkan, maka Allah akan memaafkannya, barang siapa yang mengampuni maka Allah akan mengampuninya, dan barang siapa yang bermuâamalah dengan Allah dengan amal yang dicintai-Nya, maka Allah akan mencintainya, demikian pula barang siapa yang bermuâamalah dengan manusia dengan amal yang dicintai mereka niscaya manusia mencintainya.
