وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكَ لَيَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ مَنْ يَسُومُهُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ ۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ الْعِقَابِ ۖ وَإِنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
And [mention] when your Lord declared that He would surely [continue to] send upon them until the Day of Resurrection those who would afflict them with the worst torment. Indeed, your Lord is swift in penalty; but indeed, He is Forgiving and Merciful.
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(He it is Who did create you from a single soul…) [7:189] up to (… but are themselves created) [7:191].Said Mujahid: “Initially, all the children of Adam and Eve died in their infancy. And so, Satan whispered tothem: 'If a boy is born to you, call him 'Abd al-Harith [the slave of al-Harith]'. The name of Satan was, priorto that, al-Harith. Adam and Eve did as he asked them to do, hence the words of Allah, exalted is He: (Butwhen He gave unto them aright, they ascribed to Him partners in respect of that which He had giventhem…)”.
وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكَ لَيَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَـمَةِ مَن يَسُومُهُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ الْعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
(167. And (remember) when your Lord declared that He would certainly keep on sending against them, till the Day of Resurrection, those who would afflict them with a humiliating torment. Verily, your Lord is quick in retribution and certainly He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
(Ta'dhdhana) means `declared', according to Mujahid, or `ordained', according to others. This part of the Ayah indicates a vow,
لَيَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ
(that He will keep on sending against them) against the Jews,
إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَـمَةِ مَن يَسُومُهُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ
(till the Day of Resurrection, those who would afflict them with a humiliating torment.) on account of their disobedience, defying Allah's orders and Law and using tricks to transgress the prohibitions. It was reported that Musa required the Jews to pay the production tax for seven or thirteen years, and he was the first to do so. Also, the Jews fell under the humiliating rule of the Greek Kushdanin, Chaldeans and later on the Christians, who subjugated and disgraced them, and required them to pay the Jizyah (tribute tax). When Islam came and Muhammad was sent, they became under his power and had to pay the Jizyah, as well. Therefore, the humiliating torment mentioned here includes disgrace and paying the Jizyah, as Al-`Awfi narrated from Ibn `Abbas. In the future, the Jews will support the Dajjal (False Messiah); and the Muslims, along with `Isa, son of Mary, will kill the Jews. This will occur just before the end of this world. Allah said next,
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ الْعِقَابِ
(Verily, your Lord is quick in retribution), with those who disobey Him and defy His Law,
وَإِنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
(and certainly He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) for those who repent and go back to Him. This Ayah mentions both the mercy, as well as, the punishment, so that no despair is felt. Allah often mentions encouragement and warning together, so that hearts always have a sense of hope and fear.
وَقَطَّعْنَـهُمْ فِي الاٌّرْضِ أُمَمًا مِّنْهُمُ الصَّـلِحُونَ وَمِنْهُمْ دُونَ ذَلِكَ وَبَلَوْنَـهُمْ بِالْحَسَنَـتِ وَالسَّيِّئَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ
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Seperti kehinaan dan kerendahan, termasuk pula kewajiban membayar jizyah (pajak). Demikianlah keadaan mereka, Allah mengirimkan kepada mereka Nabi Sulaiman, setelahnya Raja Bukhtanasshir yang membunuh dan menawan mereka serta menetapkan mereka untuk membayar pajak yang mereka serahkan kepada orang-orang Majusi sampai diutusnya Nabi kita Muhammad shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, dan Beliau menetapkan pemungutan pajak dari mereka. Mereka senantiasa dalam kehinaan dan di bawah kekuasaan orang lain.
Kepada orang yang bermaksiat, sehingga Allah menyegerakan hukuman kepadanya di dunia.
Kepada orang yang bertobat dan taat kepada-Nya. Dia akan mengampuni dosa-dosa itu, menutupi aiab-aibnya, dan merahmatinya dengan menerima ketaatan mereka dan memberinya balasan.
