فَلَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمْ ۚ وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمَىٰ ۚ وَلِيُبْلِيَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْهُ بَلَاءً حَسَنًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
And you did not kill them, but it was Allah who killed them. And you threw not, [O Muhammad], when you threw, but it was Allah who threw that He might test the believers with a good test. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing.
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(And thou (Muhammad) threwest not when thou didst throw, but Allah threw…) [8:17]. 'Abd al-Rahman ibnAhmad al-'Attar informed us> Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Bayya'> Isma'il ibn Muhammadibn al-Fadl al-Sha'rani> his grandfather> Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir al-Hizami> Muhammad ibn Fulayh> Musaibn 'Uqbah> Ibn Shihab> Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab> his father who said: “On the Day of the Battle of Uhud,Ubayy ibn Khalaf came looking for the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace but some believing menstopped him. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, ordered them to let him go andthey did. He was then received by Mus'ab ibn 'Umayr, who belonged to the tribe of Banu 'Abd al-Dar. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, saw Ubayy's clavicle through a hole in the armour,and he stabbed him in it with his spear. No blood came out of his wound but Ubayy fell from his horse andbroke a rib. His companions came to him and found him mooing like a bull. They said to him: 'How weakyou are, this is nothing but a scratch!' He said: 'By Him in whose hand is my soul, if the pain from which Iam suffering were to be inflicted on all the people of al-Majaz, they would all die'. Ubayy then died to hellbefore reaching Mecca, away with the dwellers of the Fire! And Allah, exalted is He, revealed the verse (Andthou (Muhammad) threwest not when thou didst throw, but Allah threw…)”. Safwan ibn 'Amr reported that'Abd al-Rahman ibn Jubayr related that on the day of the conquest of Khaybar, the Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, asked for a bow, and so they brought a long bow. He said: “Bring me anotherone”, and so they brought him a bow whose handle fills one's palm. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless himand give him peace, threw an arrow toward the fortress which hit and killed Kinanah ibn Abi al-Huqayq whilehe was in his bed, and so Allah, exalted is He, revealed (And thou (Muhammad) threwest not when thoudidst throw, but Allah threw…). However, most Qur'anic commentators are of the opinion that the aboveverse was revealed about the handful of valley dust that the Messenger of Allah threw on the idolaters onthe Day of Badr. In that occasion he threw the handful of dust and said: “Let the faces be distorted”, andsome of this dust went into the eyes of every single idolater. Said Hakim ibn Hizam: “On the Day of Badr, weheard a noise coming down from heaven. It was like the noise made by dust when it falls into a basin. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, threw that dust and we were defeated. Hence thewords of Allah, exalted is He (And thou (Muhammad) threwest not when thou didst throw, but Allah threw)”.
فَلَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُمْ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمْ وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمَى وَلِيُبْلِىَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْهُ بَلاَءً حَسَنًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ - ذلِكُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مُوهِنُ كَيْدِ الْكَـفِرِينَ
(17. You killed them not, but Allah killed them. And you threw not when you did throw, but Allah threw, that He might test the believers by a fair trial from Him. Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower). (18. This (is the fact) and surely Allah weakens the deceitful plots of the disbelievers.)
Allah states that He creates the actions that the servants perform and that whatever good actions they take, it is He Who should be praised for them, for He directed and helped them perform these actions. Allah said,
فَلَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُمْ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمْ
(You killed them not, but Allah killed them.) meaning, it is not because of your power and strength that you killed the pagans, who were many while you were few. Rather, it is He Who gave you victory over them, just as He said in another Ayah,
وَلَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِبَدْرٍ وَأَنتُمْ أَذِلَّةٌ
(And Allah has already made you victorious at Badr, when you were a weak little force.) 3:123, and,
لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ فِى مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنكُمْ شَيْئاً وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُم مُّدْبِرِينَ
(Truly, Allah has given you victory on many battlefields, and on the day of Hunayn when you rejoiced at your great number, but it availed you naught and the earth, vast as it is, was straitened for you, then you turned back in flight.) 9:25 Allah, the Exalted and Ever High, states that victory does not depend on numbers or collecting weapons and shields. Rather, victory is from Him, Exalted He is.
كَم مِّن فِئَةٍ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتْ فِئَةٍ كَثِيرَةً بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصَّـبِرِينَ
(How often has a small group overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave'' And Allah is with the patient.) 2:249 Allah then mentioned the handful of sand that His Prophet threw at the disbelievers during the day of Badr, when he went out of his bunker. While in the bunker, the Prophet invoked Allah humbly and expressing his neediness before Allah. He then threw a handful of sand at the disbelievers and said,
«شَاهَتِ الْوُجُوه»
(Humiliated be their faces.) He then commanded his Companions to start fighting with sincerity and they did. Allah made this handful of sand enter the eyes of the idolators, each one of them were struck by some of it and it distracted them making each of them busy. Allah said,
وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمَى
(And you threw not when you did throw, but Allah threw.) Therefore, it is Allah Who made the sand reach their eyes and busied them with it, not you (O Muhammad) . Muhammad bin Ishaq said that Muhammad bin Ja`far bin Az-Zubayr narrated to him that `Urwah bin Az-Zubayr said about Allah's statement,
وَلِيُبْلِىَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْهُ بَلاَءً حَسَنًا
(that He might test the believers by a fair trial from Him. ) "So that the believers know Allah's favor for them by giving them victory over their enemy, even though their enemy was numerous, while they were few. They should thus know His right and express gratitude for His favor on them.'' Similar was said by Ibn Jarir. It is stated in a Hadith,
«وَكُلَّ بَلَاءٍ حَسَنٍ أَبْلَانَا»
(Every trail (from Allah) is a favor for us.) Allah said next,
إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
(Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) Allah hears the supplication and knows those who deserve help and triumph. Allah said,
ذلِكُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مُوهِنُ كَيْدِ الْكَـفِرِينَ
(This (is the fact) and surely Allah weakens the deceitful plots of the disbelievers.) This is more good news, aside from the victory that the believers gained. Allah informed them that He will weaken the plots of the disbelievers in the future, degrade them and make everything they have perish and be destroyed, all praise and thanks are due to Allah.
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