۞ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ عَاهَدَ اللَّهَ لَئِنْ آتَانَا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ
And among them are those who made a covenant with Allah, [saying], "If He should give us from His bounty, we will surely spend in charity, and we will surely be among the righteous."
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(And of them is he who made a covenant with Allah…) [9:75]. Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad ibn al-Fadl informedus> Abu 'Amr Muhammad ibn Ja'far ibn Matar> Abu 'Imran Musa ibn Sahl al-Jawni> Hisham ibn 'Ammar>Muhammad ibn Shu'ayb> Mu'adh ibn Rifa'ah al-Salami> Abu 'Abd al-Malik 'Ali ibn Yazid> al-Qasim ibn 'Abdal-Rahman> Abu Umamah al-Bahili said: “One day Tha'labah ibn Hatib al-Ansari went to the Messenger ofAllah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, pray that Allah provides me withwealth'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: 'Woe to you! A little for whichyou give thanks is better than plenty which you cannot bear'. Another time, he said to him: 'Do you not liketo be like the Prophet of Allah. By Him in whose Hand is my soul, if I wanted mountains would flow withgold and silver for me'. Tha'labah said: 'By Him Who sent you with the truth, if you pray that Allah providesme with wealth, I will give each one his due'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace,then prayed: 'O Allah, give Tha'labah wealth!' Tha'labah then acquired some sheep and they multiplied likeworms until Medina became too small to contain all his sheep. He left Medina and settled in one of itsvalleys. At that point, he only prayed Zuhr and 'Asr in congregation but not the other prescribed prayers.Then his sheep multiplied even more and he stopped praying in congregation altogether except for theFriday prayer. His sheep kept multiplying like worms until he finally stopped praying even the Friday prayer.The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, asked about him and when they told him thathis sheep had multiplied so much that he had to leave Medina and stopped praying in congregation, he said:'Woe unto Tha'labah', he said it thrice. Then Allah, glorious and majestic is He, revealed (Take alms of theirwealth, wherewith thou mayst purify them) [9:103] and He also revealed the obligation of Zakah. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, sent two men, one from Juhaynah and one fromBanu Salim, to collect Zakat, and wrote for them instructions how to collect it. He also said to them: 'Go toTha'labah and so-and-so from Banu Salim and collect their Zakah'. When they reached Tha'labah, read himthe letter of the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and ask him for his Zakah, he said:'This is nothing but the exemption tax (Jizyah)! This is nothing but the sister of the exemption tax! I do notknow what this is; go finish your job and then come back to me'. The two men went to the man from BanuSalim and informed him about their business. The man selected the best of his camels and gave them forZakah. When they saw this, they said: 'You are not obligated to do this, nor do we want to take this fromyou'. He said to them: 'No, you should take them, for I am happy to give them; they are my camels, afterall'. They took those camels from him and when they finished their collection, they went back to Tha'labah.He said to them: 'Show me your letter', and after he read it he said: 'This is nothing but the sister of theexemption tax. Go back until I think about what I should do'. The two men left and went to see the Prophet,Allah bless him and give him peace, and the moment he saw them, he said: 'Woe to Tha'labah', before evensaying a word to them. And he prayed that Allah bless the man from Banu Salim. The two men informed theProphet about what Tha'labah and the man from Banu Salim did. Allah, glorious and majestic is He, revealed(And of them is he who made a covenant with Allah (saying): If He give us of His bounty we will give almsand become of the righteous) up to His words (… And because they lied) [9:79]. One of the relatives ofTha'labah was present with the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and he heard whatthe Prophet said about him. He went to Tha'labah and said to him: 'Woe unto you, O Tha'labah, Allah,exalted is He, has revealed about you this and that'. Tha'labah went to see the Prophet, Allah bless him andgive him peace, and begged him to accept from him his Zakah. But the Prophet said to him: 'Allah hasforbidden me from taking your Zakah'. Tha'labah then began dispersing dust on his head, upon which theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said to him: 'This is of your own doing! Icommanded you and you did not obey me'. Tha'labah returned to his house. The Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, died and still did not accept anything from him. When Abu Bakr was sworn inas the new leader, Tha'labah went to see him and said: 'You know my status with the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, as well as my position amongst the Helpers, so accept my Zakah'. AbuBakr said: 'The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, did not accept it and you expect meto accept it?' Abu Bakr died refusing to accept his Zakah. When 'Umar was selected as the leader of theMuslims, Tha'labah went to him and said: 'O leader of the believers, accept my Zakah!' 'Umar replied: 'TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, did not accept it nor did Abu Bakr, so how do youexpect me to accept it?' And he refused to take it from him until he died. When 'Uthman was chosen asCaliph, Tha'labah asked him to accept his Zakah, but 'Uthman said to him: 'The Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, did not accept nor did Abu Bakr and 'Umar, so how can I accept it from you'.And so 'Uthman did not accept his Zakah. Tha'labah died during 'Uthman's reign”.
وَمِنْهُمْ مَّنْ عَـهَدَ اللَّهَ لَئِنْ ءاتَـنَا مِن فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّـلِحِينَ - فَلَمَّآ ءَاتَاهُمْ مِّن فَضْلِهِ بَخِلُواْ بِهِ وَتَوَلَّواْ وَّهُمْ مُّعْرِضُونَ - فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقاً فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ يَلْقَوْنَهُ بِمَآ أَخْلَفُواْ اللَّهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ وَبِمَا كَانُواْ يَكْذِبُونَ - أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ سِرَّهُمْ وَنَجْوَاهُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَّـمُ الْغُيُوبِ
(75. And of them are some who made a covenant with Allah (saying): "If He bestowed on us of His bounty, we will verily, give Sadaqah and will be certainly among the righteous.'')
(76. Then when He gave them of His bounty, they became stingy, and turned away, averse.)
(77. So He punished them by putting hypocrisy into their hearts till the Day whereon they shall meet Him, because they broke that (covenant) with Allah which they had promised to Him and because they used to tell lies.)
(78. Know they not that Allah knows their secret ideas, and their Najwa (secret counsels), and that Allah is the All-Knower of things unseen.)
Allah says, some hypocrites give Allah their strongest oaths that if He enriches them from His bounty, they will give away alms and be among the righteous. However, they did not fulfill their vows or say the truth with their words. The consequence of this action is that hypocrisy was placed in their hearts until the Day they meet Allah the Exalted, on the Day of Resurrection. We seek refuge with Allah from such an end. Allah said,
بِمَآ أَخْلَفُواْ اللَّهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ
(...because they broke that (covenant) with Allah which they had promised to Him) He placed hypocrisy in their hearts because they broke their promise and lied. In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that the Messenger of Allah said,
«آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلَاثٌ: إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ، وَإِذَا ائْتُمِنَ خَان»
(There are three signs for a hypocrite: if he speaks, he lies; if he promises, he breaks the promise; and if he is entrusted, he betrays the trust.) Allah said,
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ سِرَّهُمْ وَنَجْوَاهُمْ
(Know they not that Allah knows their secret ideas, and their Najwa,) Allah states that He knows the secret and what is more hidden than the secret. He has full knowledge of what is in their hearts, even when they pretend that they will give away alms, if they acquire wealth, and will be grateful to Allah for it. Truly, Allah knows them better than they know themselves, for He is the All-Knower of all unseen and apparent things, every secret, every session of counsel, and all that is seen and hidden.
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