فَإِنْ رَجَعَكَ اللَّهُ إِلَىٰ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ فَاسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ فَقُلْ لَنْ تَخْرُجُوا مَعِيَ أَبَدًا وَلَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا مَعِيَ عَدُوًّا ۖ إِنَّكُمْ رَضِيتُمْ بِالْقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ فَاقْعُدُوا مَعَ الْخَالِفِينَ
If Allah should return you to a faction of them [after the expedition] and then they ask your permission to go out [to battle], say, "You will not go out with me, ever, and you will never fight with me an enemy. Indeed, you were satisfied with sitting [at home] the first time, so sit [now] with those who stay behind."
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(And (there are) others who have acknowledged their faults…) [9:102-103]. Ibn al-Walibi reported that Ibn'Abbas said: “This verse was revealed about some people who failed to join the Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, at the Battle of Tabuk and then regretted it, saying: 'We are enjoying shelterand shade with the women while the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and hisCompanions are engaging in Jihad. By Allah, we shall tie ourselves to the columns [of the mosque] andremain tied until the Messenger himself unties and pardons us'. And they tied themselves to the columns ofthe mosque. When the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, returned from the battle, hepassed by them and asked about who they were. He was told: 'These are the people who failed to join you.They vowed to remain in their position until you untie them yourself'. The Prophet, Allah bless him and givehim peace, said: 'And I swear that I will not set them free until I am commanded to do so nor will I pardonthem unless it is Allah Who pardons them first. They have failed to join me and shunned fighting alongsidethe Muslims'. And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. When it was revealed, the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, sent for them, freed them and pardoned them. When they were freed,they said: 'O Messenger of Allah, these are our riches which caused us to fail to join you, spend them oncharity on our behalves to purify us and ask forgiveness for us'. He said: 'I was not commanded to takeanything from your riches'. Allah, glorious and majestic is He, then revealed (Take alms of their wealth,wherewith thou mayst purify them and mayst make them grow…) [9:103]”. Said Ibn 'Abbas: “They were tenmen”.
فَإِن رَّجَعَكَ اللَّهُ إِلَى طَآئِفَةٍ مِّنْهُمْ فَاسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ فَقُلْ لَّن تَخْرُجُواْ مَعِىَ أَبَدًا وَلَن تُقَـتِلُواْ مَعِىَ عَدُوًّا إِنَّكُمْ رَضِيتُمْ بِالْقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ فَاقْعُدُواْ مَعَ الْخَـلِفِينَ
(83. If Allah brings you back to a party of them (the hypocrites), and they ask your permission to go out (to fight), say: "Never shall you go out with me nor fight an enemy with me; you were pleased to sit (inactive) on the first occasion, then you sit (now) with those who lag behind.'')
Allah commands His Messenger, peace be upon him,
فَإِن رَّجَعَكَ اللَّهُ
(If Allah brings you back), from this battle,
إِلَى طَآئِفَةٍ مِّنْهُمْ
(to a party of them) in reference to the twelve (hypocrite) men, according to Qatadah,
فَاسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ
(and they ask your permission to go out), with you to another battle,
فَقُلْ لَّن تَخْرُجُواْ مَعِىَ أَبَدًا وَلَن تُقَـتِلُواْ مَعِىَ عَدُوًّا
(say: "Never shall you go out with me nor fight an enemy with me...'') as an admonishment and punishment for them. Allah mentioned the reason for this decision,
إِنَّكُمْ رَضِيتُمْ بِالْقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ
("You were pleased to sit (inactive) on the first occasion...'') Allah said in a similar Ayah,
وَنُقَلِّبُ أَفْئِدَتَهُمْ وَأَبْصَـرَهُمْ كَمَا لَمْ يُؤْمِنُواْ بِهِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ
(And We shall turn their hearts and their eyes away (from guidance), as they refused to believe therein for the first time. ) 6:110 The recompense of an evil deed includes being directed to follow it with another evil deed, while the reward of a good deed includes being directed to another good deed after it. For instance, Allah said concerning the `Umrah of Hudaybiyyah,
سَيَقُولُ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ إِذَا انطَلَقْتُمْ إِلَى مَغَانِمَ لِتَأْخُذُوهَا
(Those who lagged behind will say, when you set forth to take the spoils.)48:15 Allah said next,
فَاقْعُدُواْ مَعَ الْخَـلِفِينَ
("...then you sit (now) with those who lag behind.'') in reference to the men who lagged behind from Tabuk battle, according to Ibn `Abbas.
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Disebutkan suatu golongan, karena di antara mereka ada yang bertobat dari kemunafikan dan menyesali sikap mereka meninggalkan berperang, maka sebagai hukuman bagi mereka, mereka tidak diizinkan ikut berperang.
Setelah Nabi Muhammad shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam selesai dari perang Tabuk dan kembali ke Madinah lalu bertemu segolongan orang-orang munafik yang tidak ikut perang, mereka meminta izin kepada Beliau untuk ikut berperang pada peperangan yang lain, maka Nabi Muhammad shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam dilarang oleh Allah untuk mengabulkan permintaan mereka, karena mereka sejak awal tidak mau berperang sebagai hukuman bagi mereka, di samping itu ikut sertanya mereka menimbulkan mafsadat.
