۞ كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ فَكَذَّبُوا عَبْدَنَا وَقَالُوا مَجْنُونٌ وَازْدُجِرَ
The people of Noah denied before them, and they denied Our servant and said, "A madman," and he was repelled.
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(Lo! the guilty are in error and madness… Lo! We have created every thing by measure) [54:47-49]. Abu’l-Qasim ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Sarraj informed us (by dictation)> Abu Muhammad ‘Abd Allah ibnMuhammad ibn Musa al-Ka‘bi> Hamdan ibn Salih al-Ashajj> ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Abi Rawwad>Sufyan al-Thawri> Ziyad ibn Isma‘il al-Makhzumi> Muhammad ibn ‘Abbad ibn Ja‘far> Abu Hurayrah whosaid: “The Quraysh came to dispute the question of Destiny. Allah, exalted is He, therefore revealed (Lo! theguilty are in error and madness… Lo! We have created every thing by measure)”. This was narrated byMuslim from Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah> Waki‘> Sufyan. By Allah, I bear witness that Abu’l-HarithMuhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahim al-Hafiz informed us in Jurjan; he said: “By Allah, I bear witness that AbuNu‘aym Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Bazzaz informed us; he said: ‘By Allah, I bear witness that Iheard ‘Ali ibn Jandal saying: ‘By Allah, I bear witness that I heard Abu’l-Hasan Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibnUbayy in Khurasan say: ‘By Allah, I bear witness that I heard ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Saqr al-Hafiz say: ‘By Allah, Ibear witness that I heard ‘Ufayr ibn Ma‘dan say: ‘by Allah, I bear witness that I heard Salim ibn ‘Amir say:‘By Allah, I bear witness that I heard Abu Umamah al-Bahili say: ‘By Allah, I bear witness that I heard theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, say: ‘This verse was revealed about the deniers ofDestiny (al-Qadariyyah): (Lo! the guilty are in error and madness… Lo! We have created every thing bymeasure). Abu Bakr ibn al-Harith related to us> ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Asfahani> Jarir ibn Harun> ‘Alial-Tanafisi> ‘Ubayd Allah ibn Musa> Bahr al-Saqa’> A Shaykh from Quraysh> ‘Ata’ who said: “The bishop ofNajran came to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: ‘O Muhammad, youclaim that sins are created by measure and that the seas and heaven are also created by measure. If it istrue that the seas and heaven are created by measure, sins nevertheless cannot be’. The Messenger ofAllah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: ‘You are Allah’s adversaries!’ And then Allah, exalted is He,revealed (Lo! the guilty are in error and madness) up to His words (Lo! We have created every thing bymeasure)”. Abu Bakr informed us> ‘Abd Allah> ‘Amr ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Hasan> Ahmad ibn al-Khalil> ‘AbdAllah ibn Raja’ al-Azdi> ‘Amr ibn ‘Ala’, the brother of Abu ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ala’> Khalid ibn Salamah al-Qurashi>Sa‘id ibn ‘Amr ibn Ja‘dah al-Makhzumi> Ibn Abi Zurarah al-Ansari> his father who related that theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, read this verse (Lo! the guilty are in error andmadness) and then said: “This verse was revealed about some future people from amongst this communitywho will deny the Destiny of Allah, exalted is He”. Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us> Muhammad ibnYa‘qub al-Ma‘qili> Abu ‘Utbah Ahmad ibn al-Faraj> Baqiyyah> Ibn Thawban> Bakir ibn Usayd> his fatherwho said: “I was with Muhammad ibn Ka‘b when he said: ‘If you ever see me talk about Destiny, then tieme up for I am then a madman. By Him in Whose Hand is my soul, these verses have not been revealedexcept about madmen’. Then he recited (Lo! the guilty are in error and madness… Lo! We have createdevery thing by measure)”.
كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ فَكَذَّبُواْ عَبْدَنَا وَقَالُواْ مَجْنُونٌ وَازْدُجِرَ - فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنُّى مَغْلُوبٌ فَانتَصِرْ - فَفَتَحْنَآ أَبْوَبَ السَّمَآءِ بِمَاءٍ مُّنْهَمِرٍ - وَفَجَّرْنَا الاٌّرْضَ عُيُوناً فَالْتَقَى المَآءُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ قَدْ قُدِرَ - وَحَمَلْنَاهُ عَلَى ذَاتِ أَلْوَحٍ وَدُسُرٍ - تَجْرِى بِأَعْيُنِنَا جَزَآءً لِّمَن كَانَ كُفِرَ - وَلَقَدْ تَّرَكْنَـهَا ءايَةً فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ - فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِى وَنُذُرِ - وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْءَانَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
(9. The people of Nuh denied (their Messenger) before them. They rejected Our servant and said: "A madman!'' Wazdujir.)
(10. Then he invoked his Lord (saying): "I have been overcome, so help (me)!'')
(11. So, We opened the gates of the heaven with water Munhamir.)
(12. And We caused springs to gush forth from the earth. So, the waters met for a matter predestined.)
(13. And We carried him on a (ship) made of planks and nails (Dusur))
(14. Floating under Our Eyes, a reward for him who had been rejected!)
(15. And indeed, We have left this as a sign. Then is there any that will remember)
(16. Then how (terrible) was My torment and My warnings)
(17. And We have indeed made the Qur'an easy to understand and remember; then is there anyone who will remember)
Allah the Exalted said,
(denied) `before your people, O Muhammad,'
قَوْمُ نُوحٍ فَكَذَّبُواْ عَبْدَنَا
(the people of Nuh. They rejected Our servant) means, they denied him categorically and accused him of madness,
وَقَالُواْ مَجْنُونٌ وَازْدُجِرَ
(and said: "A madman!'' Wazdujir.) Mujahid said about Wazdujir: "He was driven out accused on account of madness.'' It was also said that Wazdujir means, he was rebuked, deterred, threatened and warned by his people saying:
لَئِنْ لَّمْ تَنْتَهِ ينُوحُ لَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُرْجُومِينَ
("If you do not stop O Nuh, you will be among those who will be stoned.'') 26:116 This was said by Ibn Zayd, and it is sound.
فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنُّى مَغْلُوبٌ فَانتَصِرْ
(Then he invoked his Lord (saying): "I have been overcome, so help (me)!'') meaning, `I am weak and cannot overcome or resist my people, so help Your religion!' Allah the Exalted said,
فَفَتَحْنَآ أَبْوَبَ السَّمَآءِ بِمَاءٍ مُّنْهَمِرٍ
(So, We opened the gates of the heaven with water Munhamir.) As-Suddi said about Munhamir, "It means abundant.''
وَفَجَّرْنَا الاٌّرْضَ عُيُوناً
(And We caused springs to gush forth from the earth.) means, from every part of the earth, and even ovens in which fire was burning -- water and springs gushed forth,
فَالْتَقَى المَآءُ
(So, the waters met), means, of the heaven and the earth,
عَلَى أَمْرٍ قَدْ قُدِرَ
(for a matter predestined.) Ibn Jurayj reported from Ibn `Abbas:
فَفَتَحْنَآ أَبْوَبَ السَّمَآءِ بِمَاءٍ مُّنْهَمِرٍ
(So, We opened the gates of the heaven with water Munhamir), Torrential rain, the only water that fell from the sky before that day and ever since was from clouds. But the sky's gates were opened on them that day, and therefore, the water that came down was not from clouds. So both the waters (of the earth and the heaven) met according to a matter ordained.'' Allah said,
وَحَمَلْنَاهُ عَلَى ذَاتِ أَلْوَحٍ وَدُسُرٍ
(And We carried him on a (ship) made of planks and nails (Dusur)), Ibn `Abbas, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Al-Qurazi, Qatadah and Ibn Zayd said that Dusur means nails. Ibn Jarir preferred this view. Allah's statement,
تَجْرِى بِأَعْيُنِنَا
(Floating under Our Eyes), means, `by Our command and under Our protection and observation,'
جَزَآءً لِّمَن كَانَ كُفِرَ
(a reward for him who had been rejected!) meaning, as recompense for them because of their disbelief in Allah and as reward for Nuh, peace be upon him. Allah the Exalted said,
وَلَقَدْ تَّرَكْنَـهَا ءايَةً
(And indeed, We have left this as a sign.) Qatadah said, "Allah left the ship of Nuh intact until the first generation of this Ummah were able to see it.'' However, it appears that the meaning here is that Allah kept ships as a sign. For instance, Allah the Exalted said,
وَءَايَةٌ لَّهُمْ أَنَّا حَمَلْنَا ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ فِى الْفُلْكِ الْمَشْحُونِ - وَخَلَقْنَا لَهُمْ مِّن مِّثْلِهِ مَا يَرْكَبُونَ
(And a sign for them is that We bore their offspring in the laden ship. And We have created for them of the like thereunto, on which they ride.)(36:41-42),
إِنَّا لَمَّا طَغَا الْمَآءُ حَمَلْنَـكُمْ فِى الْجَارِيَةِ - لِنَجْعَلَهَا لَكُمْ تَذْكِرَةً وَتَعِيَهَآ أُذُنٌ وَعِيَةٌ
(Verily, when the water rose beyond its limits, We carried you in the boat. That We might make it an admonition for you and that it might be retained by the retaining ears.)(69:11-12) Allah's statement here,
فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
(Then is there any that will remember) means, `is there any that will receive admonition and reminder. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Prophet recited to me,
فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
(Then is there any that will remember)'' Al-Bukhari collected a similar Hadith from `Abdullah that he said, "I recited to the Prophet (فَهَلْ مِن مُّذَّكِرٍ) (then is there any that will remember) and the Prophet said,
فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
(Then is there any that will remember)'' Allah's statement,
فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِى وَنُذُرِ
(Then how (terrible) was My torment and My warnings) means, `how terrible was My torment that I inflicted on those who disbelieved in Me and denied My Messengers, who did not heed to My warnings How was My help that I extended to My Messengers and the revenge exerted on their behalf,'
وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْءَانَ لِلذِّكْرِ
(And We have indeed made the Qur'an easy to understand and remember); meaning, `We have made the Qur'an easy to recite and comprehend for those who seek these traits, to remind mankind,' as Allah said,
كِتَـبٌ أَنزَلْنَـهُ إِلَيْكَ مُبَـرَكٌ لِّيَدَّبَّرُواْ ءَايَـتِهِ وَلِيَتَذَكَّرَ أُوْلُو الاٌّلْبَـبِ
((This is) a Book which We have sent down to you, full of blessings, that they may ponder over its Ayat, and that men of understanding may remember.)(38:29),
فَإِنَّمَا يَسَّرْنَـهُ بِلَسَانِكَ لِتُبَشِّرَ بِهِ الْمُتَّقِينَ وَتُنْذِرَ بِهِ قَوْماً لُّدّاً
(So We have made this (the Qur'an) easy in your own tongue, only that you may give glad tidings to those who have Taqwa and warn with it the most quarrelsome people.)(19:97) Allah said,
فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
(then is there any that will remember), meaning, `is there anyone who will remember through this Qur'an, which We made easy to memorize and easy to understand' Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi commented on this Ayah, "Is there anyone who will avoid evil''
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Setelah Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala menyebutkan keadaan orang-orang yang mendustakan Rasul-Nya, dan bahwa semua ayat tidaklah bermanfaat bagi mereka, maka Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala memperingatkan mereka dengan azab yang menimpa umat-umat terdahulu yang mendustakan para rasul, bagaimana Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala membinasakan mereka. Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala sebutkan kaum Nuh, dimana Dia mengutus kepada mereka Nuh seorang rasul pertama yang diutus kepada orang-orang yang menyembah patung, dia mengajak mereka mentauhidkan Allah dan beribadah kepada-Nya saja, namun mereka engggan meninggalkan syirk dan berkata kepada sesama mereka, âJanganlah kamu meninggalkan sembahan kamu dan jangan pula meninggalkan Wad, Suwaâ, Yaghuts, Yaâuuq dan Nasr.â Semua itu adalah nama patung yang mereka sembah. Nabi Nuh âalaihis salam tetap berdakwah mengajak mereka kepada Allah di malam dan siang, sembunyi-sembunyi maupun terang-terangan, namun dakwah Beliau tidak menambah mereka selain tetap sikap membangkang, melampaui batas dan mencela Nabi mereka.
Mereka menganggap bahwa apa yang dipegang oleh mereka dan nenek moyang mereka selama ini berupa syirk dan kesesatan adalah sesuatu yang didukung oleh akal, dan bahwa apa yang dibawa Nabi Nuh âalaihis salam adalah kejahilan dan kesesatan; yang tidak muncul kecuali dari orang-orang gila. Mereka telah berdusta dalam hal itu dan memutarbalikkan hakikat yang telah tetap berdasarkan syaraâ maupun akal, yaitu bahwa apa yang dibawa Nabi Nuh âalaihis salam adalah kebenaran yang membimbing akal kepada petunjuk, cahaya dan jalan yang lurus, sedangkan yang mereka pegang selama ini adalah kebodohan dan kesesatan yang nyata.
Kaumnya menyanggahnya dan bersikap keras terhadapnya saat Beliau mengajak mereka kepada Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala. Mereka tidak hanya menolak beriman dan mendustakannya, bahkan sampai menimpakan kepada Beliau gangguan yang mereka sanggup lakukan. Demikianlah keadaan musuh-musuh para rasul. Saat itulah Nabi Nuh âaaihis salam berdoa, âSesungguhnya aku telah dikalahkan, maka tolonglah (aku)."
