خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ ۖ إِنَّ صَلَاتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَهُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
Take, [O, Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke [Allah 's blessings] upon them. Indeed, your invocations are reassurance for them. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing.
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(And (there are) others who have acknowledged their faults…) [9:102-103]. Ibn al-Walibi reported that Ibn'Abbas said: “This verse was revealed about some people who failed to join the Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, at the Battle of Tabuk and then regretted it, saying: 'We are enjoying shelterand shade with the women while the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and hisCompanions are engaging in Jihad. By Allah, we shall tie ourselves to the columns [of the mosque] andremain tied until the Messenger himself unties and pardons us'. And they tied themselves to the columns ofthe mosque. When the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, returned from the battle, hepassed by them and asked about who they were. He was told: 'These are the people who failed to join you.They vowed to remain in their position until you untie them yourself'. The Prophet, Allah bless him and givehim peace, said: 'And I swear that I will not set them free until I am commanded to do so nor will I pardonthem unless it is Allah Who pardons them first. They have failed to join me and shunned fighting alongsidethe Muslims'. And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. When it was revealed, the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, sent for them, freed them and pardoned them. When they were freed,they said: 'O Messenger of Allah, these are our riches which caused us to fail to join you, spend them oncharity on our behalves to purify us and ask forgiveness for us'. He said: 'I was not commanded to takeanything from your riches'. Allah, glorious and majestic is He, then revealed (Take alms of their wealth,wherewith thou mayst purify them and mayst make them grow…) [9:103]”. Said Ibn 'Abbas: “They were tenmen”.
خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَلِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ صَلَوَتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَّهُمْ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ - أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَأْخُذُ الصَّدَقَـتِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ
(103. Take Sadaqah from their wealth in order to purify them and sanctify them with it, and Salli for them. Verily, your Salat are a Sakan for them; and Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.)
(104. Know they not that Allah accepts repentance from His servants and accepts the Sadaqat, and that Allah alone is the One Who forgives and accepts repentance, Most Merciful)
Allah commanded His Messenger to take Sadaqah from the Muslims' money to purify and sanctify them with it. This Ayah is general, even though some said that it refers specifically to those who mixed good and evil deeds, who admitted to their errors. Some bedouin later thought that paying Zakah to the Leader was not legislated except to the Messenger himself, using this Ayah as evidence,
خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَلِهِمْ صَدَقَةً
(Take Sadaqah from their wealth.) Abu Bakr As-Siddiq and other Companions refuted this ill comprehension and fought against them until they paid the Zakah to the Khalifah, just as they used to pay it to the Messenger of Allah . As-Siddiq said, "By Allah! If they abstain from paying a bridle that they used to pay to the Messenger of Allah , I will fight them for refraining from paying it.'' Allah's statement,
وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ
(and Salli for them), means, supplicate for them, and ask Allah to forgive them. In the Sahih, Muslim recorded that `Abdullah bin Abi Awfa said, "Whenever the Prophet was brought charity, he used to invoke Allah for those who brought it. My father also brought his charity and the Prophet said,
«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى آلِ أَبِي أَوْفَى»
(O Allah! I invoke You for the family of Abu Awfa.)'' Allah's statement,
إِنَّ صَلَوَتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَّهُمْ
(Verily, your Salat are a Sakan for them), means, a mercy for them, according to Ibn `Abbas. Allah said next,
وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ
(and Allah is All-Hearer,) of your invocation (O Muhammad),
(All-Knower.) in those who deserve your invocation on their behalf, who are worthy of it. Allah said,
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَأْخُذُ الصَّدَقَـتِ
(Know they not that Allah accepts repentance from His servants and accepts the Sadaqat) This Ayah encourages reverting to repentance and giving charity, for each of these actions erases, deletes and eradicate sins. Allah states that He accepts the repentance of those who repent to Him, as well as charity from pure resources, for Allah accepts it with His Right Hand and raises it for its giver until even a date becomes as large as Mount Uhud. Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Messenger of Allah said,
«إِنَّ اللهَ يَقْبَلُ الصَّدَقَةَ وَيَأْخُذُهَا بِيَمِينِهِ فَيُرَبِّيهَا لِأَحَدِكُمْ كَمَا يُرَبِّي أَحَدُكُمْ مُهْرَهُ، حَتَّى إِنَّ اللُّقْمَةَ لَتَكُونُ مِثْلَ أُحُد»
(Verily, Allah accepts charity, receives it in His Right Hand and develops it for its giver, just as one of you raises his pony, until the bite of food becomes as large as Uhud.) wThe Book of Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, testifies to this Hadith,
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَأْخُذُ الصَّدَقَـتِ
(Know they not that Allah accepts repentance from His servants and accepts the Sadaqat), and,
يَمْحَقُ اللَّهُ الْرِّبَواْ وَيُرْبِى الصَّدَقَـتِ
(Allah will destroy Riba and will give increase for Sadaqat.) 2:276 `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "Charity falls in Allah's Hand before it falls in the needy's hand,'' he then recited this Ayah,
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَأْخُذُ الصَّدَقَـتِ
(Know they not that Allah accepts repentance from His servants and accepts the Sadaqat).
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