وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي ۚ أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا ۗ وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ
And among them is he who says, "Permit me [to remain at home] and do not put me to trial." Unquestionably, into trial they have fallen. And indeed, Hell will encompass the disbelievers.
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(Of them is he who saith: Grant me leave (to stay at home) and tempt me not…) [9:49]. This was revealedabout Jadd ibn Qays the hypocrite. This is because when the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and givehim peace, was preparing for the Battle of Tabuk, he said to him: “O Abu Wahb, would you not like to havescores of Byzantine women and men as concubines and servants?” He said: “O Messenger of Allah, mypeople know that I am very fond of women and, if I see the women of the Byzantines, I fear I will not beable to hold back. So do not tempt me by them, and allow me not to join and, instead, I will assist you withmy wealth”. The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, turned away from him and said: “I allow you”,and so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. When this verse was revealed, the Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, asked Banu Salamah, the tribe of al-Jadd: “Who is your master, O BanuSalamah?” They said: “Al-Jadd ibn Qays except that he is a miser and a coward”. The Prophet, Allah blesshim and give him peace, responded: “Is there any sickness worse than miserliness? Rather, your master isthe fair, curly-haired youth: Bishr ibn al-Bara' ibn Ma'rur”. Hasan ibn Thabit composed about him thefollowing lines: And the Messenger of Allah said and truth catches up With him about whom he said: who doyou consider as your master. We said: Jadd ibn Qays even though We consider him a miser and atroublesome one. He said: what is worse than that With which you reproach Jadd and which make a handneedy. And he appointed Bishr ibn al-Bara' as chief for his magnanimity And it is befitting that Bishr whoanswers others' call be appointed as chief. When a delegation comes to him, he spends his wealth And says:take it for tomorrow it will return. The verses after this one verse and up to Allah's words (The alms are onlyfor the poor and the needy) [9:60] are about the hypocrites.
وَمِنْهُمْ مَّن يَقُولُ ائْذَن لِّي وَلاَ تَفْتِنِّى أَلا فِى الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُواْ وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَـفِرِينَ
(49. And among them is he who says: "Grant me leave and put me not into trial.'' Surely, they have fallen into trial. And verily, Hell is surrounding the disbelievers.)Allah says, some hypocrites say to you, O Muhammad ,
ائْذَن لِّي
(Grant me leave), to stay behind,
وَلاَ تَفْتِنِّى
(and put me not into trial.), if I go with you and see the women of the Romans. Allah, the Exalted, replied,
أَلا فِى الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُواْ
5(Surely, they have fallen into trial) because of the statement they uttered. Muhammad bin Ishaq reported from Az-Zuhri, Yazid bin Ruwman, `Abdullah bin Abi Bakr, `Asim bin Qatadah and several others that they said, "The Messenger of Allah said to Al-Jadd bin Qays from Bani Salimah,
«هَلْ لَكَ يَا جَدُّ الْعَامَ فِي جَلَادِ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ؟»
(`Would you like to fight the yellow ones (Romans) this year) He said, `O Allah's Messenger! Give me permission (to remain behind) and do not cause Fitnah for me. By Allah! My people know that there is not a man who is more fond of women than I. I fear that if I see the women of the yellow ones, I would not be patient.' The Messenger of Allah turned away from him and said,
«قَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَك»
(I give you permission.) In Al-Jadd's case, this Ayah was revealed,
وَمِنْهُمْ مَّن يَقُولُ ائْذَن لِّي وَلاَ تَفْتِنِّى
(And among them is he who says: "Grant me leave and put me not into trial.'') Therefore, Allah says that the Fitnah that he fell into because of not joining the Messenger of Allah (in Jihad) and preferring his safety to the safety of the Messenger is worse than the Fitnah that he falsely claimed to fear.'' It was reported from Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and several others that this Ayah was revealed in the case of Al-Jadd bin Qays, who was among the chiefs of Bani Salimah. It is also recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah asked,
«مَنْ سَيِّدُكُمْ يَا بَنِي سَلَمَةَ؟»
(Who is your chief, O Bani Salamah) They said, "Al-Jadd bin Qays, although we consider him a miser.'' The Messenger of Allah said,
«وَأَيُّ دَاءٍ أَدْوَأُ مِنَ الْبُخْلِ وَلَكِنْ سَيِّدُكُمْ الْفَتَى الْجَعْدُ الْأَبْيَضُ بِشْرُ بْنُ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ مَعْرُور»
(There is not a disease worse than stinginess! Therefore, your chief is the white young man with curly hair, Bishr bin Al-Bara' bin Ma'rur.) Allah said next,
وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَـفِرِينَ
(And verily, Hell is surrounding the disbelievers.) and they will never be able to avoid, avert, or escape from it.
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Yakni di antara kaum munafik ada pula yang mengemukakan uzur yang lebih aneh lagi untuk tidak berperang ke Tabuk.
Orang ini bernama Al Jad bin Qais, Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda kepadanya, âMaukah kamu berperang melawan Bani Ashfar?â Ia menjawab, âSaya sangat suka dengan wanita. Saya khawatir, ketika melihat wanita Bani Ashfar, saya tidak bisa bersabar sehingga tergoda.â
Yakni, padahal dengan tidak berperang itu mereka terjatuh ke dalam fitnah yang besar, yaitu bermaksiat kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya serta mengerjakan dosa yang besar. Sedangkan pergi berperang, kalau pun ada mafsadatnya, namun sangat kecil dibanding dengan tidak berperang, ini pun kalau ada.
