وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا إِنَّهُمْ لَيَأْكُلُونَ الطَّعَامَ وَيَمْشُونَ فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ ۗ وَجَعَلْنَا بَعْضَكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فِتْنَةً أَتَصْبِرُونَ ۗ وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ بَصِيرًا
And We did not send before you, [O Muhammad], any of the messengers except that they ate food and walked in the markets. And We have made some of you [people] as trial for others - will you have patience? And ever is your Lord, Seeing.
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(And those who cry not unto any other god along with Allah…) [25:68-70]. Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘alibi informedus> al-Hasan ibn Ahmad al-Makhladi> al-Mu’ammil ibn al-Hasan ibn ‘Isa> al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah al-Za‘farani> Hajjaj> Ibn Jurayj> Ya‘la ibn Muslim> Sa‘id ibn Jubayr> Ibn ‘Abbas who said: “Someidolaters who had committed many murders and fornicated numerous times went to the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: ‘What you say and call for is good, if only you could inform uswhether there is any expiation for the things we have committed’. As a response, this verse was revealed(And those who cry not unto any other god along with Allah) up to His words (Allah is ever Forgiving,Merciful) [25:70]”. This was narrated by Muslim> Ibrahim ibn Dinar> Hajjaj. Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibnYahya al-Muzakki informed us> his father> Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Thaqafi> Ibrahim al-Hanzali andMuhammad ibn al-Sabbah> Jarir> Mansur and al-A‘mash> Abu Wa’il> ‘Amr ibn Shurahbil> Abu Maysarah>‘Abd Allah ibn Mas‘ud who said: “I asked the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace: ‘Whatis the greatest sin?’ He said: ‘It is to ascribe an equal to Allah when it is Him Who has created you’. I asked:‘What comes after that?’ he said: ‘It is to kill your child for fear that he might compete with you over food’. Iasked: ‘What comes after that?’ he said: ‘It is to commit adultery with the wife of your neighbour’. Allah,exalted is He, then revealed these verses to confirm his answers (And those who cry not unto any other godalong with Allah, nor take the life which Allah hath forbidden save in (course of) justice, nor commitadultery…)”. This was narrated by Bukhari> Musaddid> Yahya and also by Muslim> ‘Uthman ibn AbiShaybah> Jarir. Abu Bakr ibn al-Harith informed us> ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ja‘far> Ahmad ibnMuhammad ibn Ibrahim> Isma‘il ibn Ishaq> al-Haruth ibn al-Zubayr> Abu Rashid, the client of al-Lahibiyyin> Sa‘id ibn Salim al-Qaddah> Ibn Jurayh> ‘Ata’> Ibn ‘Abbas who said: “Wahshiyy went to theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: ‘I came to you seeking sanctuary; sogrant me sanctuary in order that I can hear the speech of Allah’. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless himand give him peace, said to him: ‘I had wished to see you without sanctuary, but since you have asked mefor sanctuary, you are in my sanctuary until you hear the speech of Allah’. Wahshiyy said: ‘I have associatedothers with Allah, killed souls which Allah, exalted is He, has made forbidden and committed adultery. DoesAllah accept my repentance?’ The Messenger of Allah, exalted is He, did not answer him and then the verse(And those who cry not unto any other god along with Allah, nor take the life which Allah hath forbiddensave in (course of) justice, nor commit adultery…) was revealed. The Prophet recited it to Wahshiyy but thelatter said: ‘I see here a condition; it is possible that I may not do any righteous works. I will stay in yoursanctuary so that I can hear the speech of Allah, exalted is He’. The verse: (Lo! Allah forgiveth not that apartner should be ascribed unto Him. He forgiveth (all) save that to whom He will) [4:48] was then revealed.Wahshiyy was summoned and the verse was recited to him. He said: ‘I could be among (save that to whomHe will). I will remain in your sanctuary so that I can hear the speech of Allah’. The verse (Say: O My slaveswho have been prodigal to their own hurt! Despair not of the mercy of Allah…) [39:53] was then revealed,upon which Wahshiyy said: ‘Yes, now I do not see any conditions’, and so he embraced Islam”.
وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلاَّ إِنَّهُمْ لَيَأْكُلُونَ الطَّعَامَ وَيَمْشُونَ فِى الاٌّسْوَاقِ وَجَعَلْنَا بَعْضَكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فِتْنَةً أَتَصْبِرُونَ وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ بَصِيراً
(20. And We never sent before you any of the Messengers but verily, they ate food and walked in the markets. And We have made some of you as a trial for others; will you have patience And your Lord is Ever All-Seer.) and who are unaware of their calls to them. And when mankind are gathered, they will become their enemies and will deny their worshipping.)
(46:5-6)
فَمَا تَسْتَطِيعُونَ صَرْفاً وَلاَ نَصْراً
(then you can neither avert nor find help.) means: they will not be able to avert the punishment from themselves, nor will they be able to help themselves.
وَمَن يَظْلِم مِّنكُمْ
(And whoever among you does wrong,) means by associating others in worship with Allah,
نُذِقْهُ عَذَاباً كَبِيراً
(We shall make him taste a great torment.)
وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلاَّ إِنَّهُمْ لَيَأْكُلُونَ الطَّعَامَ وَيَمْشُونَ فِى الاٌّسْوَاقِ وَجَعَلْنَا بَعْضَكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فِتْنَةً أَتَصْبِرُونَ وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ بَصِيراً
(20. And We never sent before you any of the Messengers but verily, they ate food and walked in the markets. And We have made some of you as a trial for others; will you have patience And your Lord is Ever All-Seer.)
Allah tells us about the previous Messengers He sent: they all used to eat food needing the nourishment in it. They used to go around in the marketplaces seeking to engage in trade and earn a livelihood. This should not, however, affect their status as Messengers, for Allah gave them good characteristics and caused them to speak fine words and do noble deeds, and gave them miracles and clear proofs, from which any person with sound insight may see the confirmation that what they brought from Allah was true. This Ayah is similar to the Ayat;
وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ إِلاَّ رِجَالاً نُّوحِى إِلَيْهِمْ مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى
(And We sent not before you any but men unto whom We revealed, from among the people of townships) (12:109).
وَمَا جَعَلْنَـهُمْ جَسَداً لاَّ يَأْكُلُونَ الطَّعَامَ
(And We did not create them bodies that ate not food) (21:8).
وَجَعَلْنَا بَعْضَكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فِتْنَةً أَتَصْبِرُونَ
(And We have made some of you as a trial for others; will you have patience) means, `We test some of you by means of others, so that We may see who will be obedient and who will be disobedient.' Allah says:
أَتَصْبِرُونَ وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ بَصِيراً
(will you have patience And your Lord is Ever All-Seer.) meaning, He knows who deserves to receive revelation, as Allah says elsewhere:
اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ حَيْثُ يَجْعَلُ رِسَالَتَهُ
(Allah knows best with whom to place His Message) (6:124). And He knows who deserves to be guided to the Message with which He sent them, and who does not deserve to be guided.
وَجَعَلْنَا بَعْضَكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فِتْنَةً أَتَصْبِرُونَ
(And We have made some of you as a trial for others. Will you have patience) Muhammad bin Ishaq said: Allah is saying, "If I had willed that the world be such that no one would oppose My Messengers, I could have made it so, but I wanted to test My servants by means of them.'' In Sahih Muslim it is narrated from `Iyad bin Himar that the Messenger of Allah said:
«يَقُولُ اللهُ تَعَالى: إِنِّي مُبْتَلِيكَ وَمُبْتَلٍ بِك»
(Allah says: "I will test you and test others by means of you.'') In the Sahih it is recorded that he was given the choice between being a Prophet and king, or being a servant and Messenger, and he chose to be a servant and Messenger.
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Kemudian Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala berfirman menjawab orang-orang yang mendustakan, yang mengatakan seperti yang disebutkan pada ayat 7 surah ini.
Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala tidak menjadikan mereka malaikat agar mereka dapat ditiru dan dijadikan teladan. Adapun masalah kaya dan miskin, maka yang demikian adalah cobaan dan hikmah (kebijaksanaan) Allah sebagaimana dijelaskan pada lanjutan ayat.
Manusia diuji dengan rasul, apakah mereka akan taat atau tidak? Rasul diuji dengan mendakwahkan manusia, orang miskin diuji dengan orang kaya, orang sakit diuji dengan orang sehat, dan orang rendah diuji dengan orang terhormat, sehingga mereka berkata, âMengapa aku tidak seperti dia yang kaya, yang sehat atau yang terhormat?â Oleh karena itu, tempat yang kita huni ini adalah tempat ujian, bukan tempat tujuan.
Pertanyaan ini maksudnya perintah untuk bersabar, yakni maukah kamu untuk bersabar dengan melaksanakan kewajiban kamu? Yaitu tetap taat dan tetap meninggalkan maksiat, serta bersabar terhadap musibah dengan tidak keluh kesah.
Siapa yang bersabar dan siapa yang berkeluh kesah.
