وَعَادًا وَثَمُودَ وَأَصْحَابَ الرَّسِّ وَقُرُونًا بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ كَثِيرًا
And [We destroyed] 'Aad and Thamud and the companions of the well and many generations between them.
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(And those who cry not unto any other god along with Allah…) [25:68-70]. Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘alibi informedus> al-Hasan ibn Ahmad al-Makhladi> al-Mu’ammil ibn al-Hasan ibn ‘Isa> al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah al-Za‘farani> Hajjaj> Ibn Jurayj> Ya‘la ibn Muslim> Sa‘id ibn Jubayr> Ibn ‘Abbas who said: “Someidolaters who had committed many murders and fornicated numerous times went to the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: ‘What you say and call for is good, if only you could inform uswhether there is any expiation for the things we have committed’. As a response, this verse was revealed(And those who cry not unto any other god along with Allah) up to His words (Allah is ever Forgiving,Merciful) [25:70]”. This was narrated by Muslim> Ibrahim ibn Dinar> Hajjaj. Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibnYahya al-Muzakki informed us> his father> Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Thaqafi> Ibrahim al-Hanzali andMuhammad ibn al-Sabbah> Jarir> Mansur and al-A‘mash> Abu Wa’il> ‘Amr ibn Shurahbil> Abu Maysarah>‘Abd Allah ibn Mas‘ud who said: “I asked the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace: ‘Whatis the greatest sin?’ He said: ‘It is to ascribe an equal to Allah when it is Him Who has created you’. I asked:‘What comes after that?’ he said: ‘It is to kill your child for fear that he might compete with you over food’. Iasked: ‘What comes after that?’ he said: ‘It is to commit adultery with the wife of your neighbour’. Allah,exalted is He, then revealed these verses to confirm his answers (And those who cry not unto any other godalong with Allah, nor take the life which Allah hath forbidden save in (course of) justice, nor commitadultery…)”. This was narrated by Bukhari> Musaddid> Yahya and also by Muslim> ‘Uthman ibn AbiShaybah> Jarir. Abu Bakr ibn al-Harith informed us> ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ja‘far> Ahmad ibnMuhammad ibn Ibrahim> Isma‘il ibn Ishaq> al-Haruth ibn al-Zubayr> Abu Rashid, the client of al-Lahibiyyin> Sa‘id ibn Salim al-Qaddah> Ibn Jurayh> ‘Ata’> Ibn ‘Abbas who said: “Wahshiyy went to theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: ‘I came to you seeking sanctuary; sogrant me sanctuary in order that I can hear the speech of Allah’. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless himand give him peace, said to him: ‘I had wished to see you without sanctuary, but since you have asked mefor sanctuary, you are in my sanctuary until you hear the speech of Allah’. Wahshiyy said: ‘I have associatedothers with Allah, killed souls which Allah, exalted is He, has made forbidden and committed adultery. DoesAllah accept my repentance?’ The Messenger of Allah, exalted is He, did not answer him and then the verse(And those who cry not unto any other god along with Allah, nor take the life which Allah hath forbiddensave in (course of) justice, nor commit adultery…) was revealed. The Prophet recited it to Wahshiyy but thelatter said: ‘I see here a condition; it is possible that I may not do any righteous works. I will stay in yoursanctuary so that I can hear the speech of Allah, exalted is He’. The verse: (Lo! Allah forgiveth not that apartner should be ascribed unto Him. He forgiveth (all) save that to whom He will) [4:48] was then revealed.Wahshiyy was summoned and the verse was recited to him. He said: ‘I could be among (save that to whomHe will). I will remain in your sanctuary so that I can hear the speech of Allah’. The verse (Say: O My slaveswho have been prodigal to their own hurt! Despair not of the mercy of Allah…) [39:53] was then revealed,upon which Wahshiyy said: ‘Yes, now I do not see any conditions’, and so he embraced Islam”.
وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَـبَ وَجَعَلْنَا مَعَهُ أَخَاهُ هَـرُونَ وَزِيراً - فَقُلْنَا اذْهَبَآ إِلَى الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواْ بِـَايَـتِنَا فَدَمَّرْنَـهُمْ تَدْمِيراً - وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ لَّمَّا كَذَّبُواْ الرُّسُلَ أَغْرَقْنَـهُمْ وَجَعَلْنَـهُمْ لِلنَّاسِ ءَايَةً وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلظَّـلِمِينَ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً - وَعَاداً وَثَمُودَاْ وَأَصْحَـبَ الرَّسِّ وَقُرُوناً بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ كَثِيراً - وَكُلاًّ ضَرَبْنَا لَهُ الاٌّمْثَالَ وَكُلاًّ تَبَّرْنَا تَتْبِيراً - وَلَقَدْ أَتَوْا عَلَى الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِى أُمْطِرَتْ مَطَرَ السَّوْءِ أَفَلَمْ يَكُونُواْ يَرَوْنَهَا بَلْ كَانُواْ لاَ يَرْجُونَ نُشُوراً
(35. And indeed We gave Musa the Scripture, and placed his brother Harun with him as a helper;)
(36. And We said: "Go you both to the people who have denied Our Ayat.'' Then We destroyed them with utter destruction.)
(37. And Nuh's people, when they denied the Messengers, We drowned them, and We made them as a sign for mankind. And We have prepared a painful torment for the wrongdoers.)
(38. And (also)
Ad and Thamud, and the Dwellers of Ar-Rass, and many generations in between.)
(39. And for each We put forward examples, and each We brought to utter ruin.)
(40. And indeed they have passed by the town on which was rained the evil rain. Did they not then see it Nay! But they used not to expect any resurrection.)
Allah threatens the idolators who denied and opposed His Messenger Muhammad and He warns them of the punishment and painful torment He sent upon the previous nations who rejected their Messengers. Allah begins by mentioning Musa, upon him be peace, whom He sent along with his brother Harun as a helper -- i.e., as another Prophet who helped and supported him -- but Fir`awn and his chiefs denied them both:
دَمَّرَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلِلْكَـفِرِينَ أَمْثَـلُهَا
(Allah destroyed them completely, and similar (awaits) the disbelievers) (47:10). And when the people of Nuh denied him, Allah destroyed them likewise, for whoever denies one Messenger denies all the Messengers, because there is no difference between one Messenger and another. If it had so happened that Allah had sent all His Messengers to them, they would have denied them all. Allah says:
وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ لَّمَّا كَذَّبُواْ الرُّسُلَ
(And Nuh's people, when they denied the Messengers,) although Allah sent only Nuh to them, and he stayed among them for 950 years, calling them to Allah and warning them of His punishment,
وَمَآ ءَامَنَ مَعَهُ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ
(And none believed with him, except a few) (11:40). For this reason Allah drowned them all and left no one among the sons of Adam alive on earth apart from those who boarded the boat,
وَجَعَلْنَـهُمْ لِلنَّاسِ ءَايَةً
(and We made them a sign for mankind.) meaning a lesson to be learned. This is like the Ayah,
إِنَّا لَمَّا طَغَا الْمَآءُ حَمَلْنَـكُمْ فِى الْجَارِيَةِ - لِنَجْعَلَهَا لَكُمْ تَذْكِرَةً وَتَعِيَهَآ أُذُنٌ وَعِيَةٌ
(Verily, when the water rose beyond its limits, We carried you in the boat. That We might make it a remembrance for you, and the keen ear may understand it) (69:11-12), which means: `We left for you ships that you ride upon to travel across the depths of the seas, so that you may remember the blessing of Allah towards you when He saved you from drowning, and made you the descendants of those who believed in Allah and followed His commandments.'
وَعَاداً وَثَمُودَاْ وَأَصْحَـبَ الرَّسِّ
(And (also) `Ad and Thamud, and the Dwellers of Ar-Rass,) We have already discussed their story, which is referred to in more than one Surah, such as Surat Al-A`raf, and there is no need to repeat it here. As for the Dwellers of Ar-Rass, Ibn Jurayj narrated from Ibn `Abbas about the Dwellers of Ar-Rass that they were the people of one of the villages of Thamud. Ath-Thawri narrated from Abu Bukayr from `Ikrimah that Ar-Rass was a well where they buried (Rassu) their Prophet.
وَقُرُوناً بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ كَثِيراً
(and many generations in between. ) means nations, many more than have been mentioned here, whom We destroyed. Allah said:
وَكُلاًّ ضَرَبْنَا لَهُ الاٌّمْثَالَ
(And for each We put forward examples,) meaning, `We showed them the proof and gave them clear evidence,' as Qatadah said, "They had no excuse.''
وَكُلاًّ تَبَّرْنَا تَتْبِيراً
(and each (of them) We brought to utter ruin.) means, `We destroyed them completely.' This is like the Ayah,
وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا مِنَ الْقُرُونِ مِن بَعْدِ نُوحٍ
(And how many generations (Qurun) have We destroyed after Nuh!) (17:17). "Generations'' (Qurun) here refers to nations among mankind. This is like the Ayah,
ثُمَّ أَنشَأْنَا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ قُرُوناً ءَاخَرِينَ
(Then, after them, We created other generations (Qurun).) (23:42) Some defined a generation as being 120 years, or it was said that a generation was one hundred years, or eighty, or forty, etc. The most correct view is that a generation refers to nations who are one another's contemporaries, living at the same time. When they go and others succeed them, this is another generation, as it was recorded in the Two Sahihs:
«خَيْرُ الْقُرُونِ قَرْنِي، ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ،ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُم»
(The best of generations is my generation, then the one that follows it, then the one that follows that.)
وَلَقَدْ أَتَوْا عَلَى الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِى أُمْطِرَتْ مَطَرَ السَّوْءِ
(And indeed they have passed by the town on which was rained the evil rain.) refers to the town of the people of Lut, which was called Sodom, and the way in which Allah dealt with it, when He destroyed it by turning it upside down and by sending upon it the rain of stones of baked clay, as Allah says:
وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِم مَّطَراً فَسَآءَ مَطَرُ الْمُنذَرِينَ
(And We rained on them a rain. And how evil was the rain of those who had been warned!) (26:176),
وَإِنَّكُمْ لَّتَمُرُّونَ عَلَيْهِمْ مُّصْبِحِينَ - وَبِالَّيْلِ أَفَلاَ تَعْقِلُونَ
(Verily, you pass by them in the morning. And at night; will you not then reflect) (37:137-138),
وَإِنَّهَا لَبِسَبِيلٍ مُّقِيمٍ
(And verily, they were right on the highroad.) (15:76),
وَإِنَّهُمَا لَبِإِمَامٍ مُّبِينٍ
(They are both on an open highway, plain to see) (15:79). Allah says:
أَفَلَمْ يَكُونُواْ يَرَوْنَهَا
(Did they not then see it) meaning, so that they might learn a lesson from what happened to its inhabitants of punishment for denying the Messenger and going against the commands of Allah.
بَلْ كَانُواْ لاَ يَرْجُونَ نُشُوراً
(Nay! But they used not to expect any resurrection.) means, the disbelievers who passed by it did not learn any lesson, because they did not expect any resurrection, i.e., on the Day of Judgement.
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Rass adalah telaga yang sudah kering airnya. kemudian dijadikan nama suatu kaum, yaitu kaum Rass. Mereka menyembah patung, lalu Allah mengutus seorang nabi kepada mereka. Ada yang berpendapat, bahwa nabi tersebut adaah Syuâaib, dan ada yang berpendapat selain Nabi Syuâaib, wallahu aâlam.
