النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَىٰ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ ۖ وَأَزْوَاجُهُ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ ۗ وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَىٰ بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَفْعَلُوا إِلَىٰ أَوْلِيَائِكُمْ مَعْرُوفًا ۚ كَانَ ذَٰلِكَ فِي الْكِتَابِ مَسْطُورًا
The Prophet is more worthy of the believers than themselves, and his wives are [in the position of] their mothers. And those of [blood] relationship are more entitled [to inheritance] in the decree of Allah than the [other] believers and the emigrants, except that you may do to your close associates a kindness [through bequest]. That was in the Book inscribed.
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النَّبِىُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَزْوَجُهُ أُمَّهَـتُهُمْ وَأُوْلُو الاٌّرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِى كِتَـبِ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُهَـجِرِينَ إِلاَّ أَن تَفْعَلُواْ إِلَى أَوْلِيَآئِكُمْ مَّعْرُوفاً كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِى الْكِتَـبِ مَسْطُوراً
(6. The Prophet is closer to the believers than themselves, and his wives are their mothers. And blood relations among each other have closer personal ties in the decree of Allah than the believers and the Muhajirin, except that you do kindness to those brothers. This has been written in the Book.)
Allah tells us how His Messenger is merciful and sincere towards his Ummah, and how he is closer to them than they are to themselves. His judgement or ruling takes precedence over their own choices for themselves, as Allah says:
فَلاَ وَرَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لاَ يَجِدُواْ فِى أَنفُسِهِمْ حَرَجاً مِّمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُواْ تَسْلِيماً
(But no, by your Lord, they can have no faith, until they make you judge in all disputes between them, and find in themselves no resistance against your decisions, and accept with full submission.) (4:65) In the Sahih it says:
«وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ وَوَلَدِهِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِين»
(By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, none of you truly believes until I am dearer to him than his own self, his wealth, his children and all the people.) It was also reported in the Sahih that `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "O Messenger of Allah, by Allah, you are dearer to me than everything except myself.'' He said,
«لَا، يَا عُمَرُ حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ نَفْسِك»
(No, O `Umar, not until I am dearer to you than yourself.) `Umar said: "O Messenger of Allah, by Allah, now you are dearer to me than everything, even myself.'' He said,
«الْآنَ يَاعُمَر»
(Now, O `Umar you have got it right.) Allah says in this Ayah:
النَّبِىُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ
(The Prophet is closer to the believers than themselves,) Concerning this Ayah, Al-Bukhari narrated from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet said:
«مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، اقْرَؤُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ:
النَّبِىُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ
(There is no believer except I am the closest of all people to him in this world and in the Hereafter. Recite, if you wish: (The Prophet is closer to the believers than themselves.)
فَأَيُّمَا مُؤْمِنٍ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلْيَرِثْهُ عُصْبَتُهُ مَنْ كَانُوا، وَإِنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا أَوْ ضِيَاعًا فَلْيَأْتِنِي فَأَنَا مَوْلَاه»
If any believer leaves behind any wealth, let his own relatives inherit it, but if he leaves behind any debt or orphans, bring them to me and I will take care of them.) This was recorded only by Al-Bukhari, and he also recorded it in the Book of Loans.
وَأَزْوَجُهُ أُمَّهَـتُهُمْ
(and his wives are their mothers.) means, they are unlawful for marriage. In terms of honor, respect and veneration, it is not permissible for them to be alone with them, and the prohibition of marriage to them does not extend to their daughters and sisters, according to scholarly consensus.
وَأُوْلُو الاٌّرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِى كِتَـبِ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُهَـجِرِينَ
(And blood relations among each other have closer personal ties in the decree of Allah than the believers and the Muhajirin, ) This is an abrogation of the rule that existed previously, whereby they could inherit from one another by virtue of the oath of brotherhood among them. Ibn `Abbas and others said: "A Muhajir would inherit from an Ansari even though they were not related by blood, because of the brotherhood established between them by the Messenger of Allah .'' This was also stated by Sa`id bin Jubayr and others among scholars of the earlier and later generations.
إِلاَّ أَن تَفْعَلُواْ إِلَى أَوْلِيَآئِكُمْ مَّعْرُوفاً
(except that you do kindness to those brothers.) means, the idea of inheriting from one another has gone, but there remains the duty to offer support and kindness, to uphold ties of brotherhood and to offer good advice.
كَانَ ذلِك فِى الْكِتَـبِ مَسْطُورًا
(This has been written in the Book.) This ruling, which is that those who are blood relatives have closer personal ties to one another, is a ruling which Allah has decreed and which is written in the First Book which cannot be altered or changed. This is the view of Mujahid and others. (This is the case) even though Allah legislated something different at certain times, and there is wisdom behind this, for He knew that this would be abrogated and the original ruling that was instituted an eternity ago would prevail, and this is His universal and legislative decree. And Allah knows best.
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Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala memberitahukan kepada kaum mukmin tentang keadaan Rasul dan kedudukannya agar mereka menyikapi Beliau dengan sikap yang pantas.
Maksudnya, orang-orang mukmin itu sepatutnya mencintai Nabi mereka lebih dari mencintai diri mereka sendiri dalam segala urusan. Oleh karena itu, ajakan Beliau harus lebih dituruti daripada ajakan diri mereka yang menginginkan kepada selain itu. Yang demikian adalah karena Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam telah mengorbankan pikiran dan tenaganya untuk kebaikan mereka, Beliau adalah orang yang paling sayang kepada mereka, paling banyak kebaikannya bagi mereka. Dengan demikian, apabila keinginan dirinya atau keinginan orang lain berbenturan dengan keinginan Beliau, maka keinginan Beliau harus didahulukan, demikian pula tidak membantah ucapan Beliau dengan ucapan seseorang siapa pun dia, dan mereka harus rela mengorbankan diri mereka dan harta mereka untuk Beliau, mendahulukan kecintaan kepada Beliau di atas kecintaan kepada siapa pun, tidak berkata sampai Beliau berkata dan tidak maju berada di depan Beliau.
Dalam hal haramnya menikahi mereka, berhak dimuliakan dan dihormati, bukan dalam hal khalwat (yakni tetap tidak boleh berkhalwat dengan istri Beliau).
Yakni kerabat jauh atau dekat.
Yakni daripada kewarisan yang didasarkan keimanan dan hijrah yang pernah terjadi di awal Islam, lalu kemudian dihapus. Jika tidak dihapus tentu akan menimbulkan kerusakan, keburukan dan hilat (tipu daya) untuk menghalangi kerabat dari memperoleh warisan. Ayat ini merupakan hujjah tentang kewalian kerabat dalam semua kewalian, seperti nikah, harta, dan lain-lain.
Yang dimaksud dengan berbuat baik di sini adalah berwasiat yang tidak lebih dari sepertiga harta, atau berbuat baik dengan harta kepada mereka dari hartamu.
Yakni dihapuskan kewarisan karena iman dan hijrah dengan kewarisan yang didasarkan karena hubungan kekerabatan.
Dan ditakdirkan oleh Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala sehingga harus diberlakukan.
Maksudnya, Al Lauhul Mahfuzh.
