فَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا بَاعِدْ بَيْنَ أَسْفَارِنَا وَظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ فَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَحَادِيثَ وَمَزَّقْنَاهُمْ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ
But [insolently] they said, "Our Lord, lengthen the distance between our journeys," and wronged themselves, so We made them narrations and dispersed them in total dispersion. Indeed in that are signs for everyone patient and grateful.
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وَجَعَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْقُرَى الَّتِى بَارَكْنَا فِيهَا قُرًى ظَـهِرَةً وَقَدَّرْنَا فِيهَا السَّيْرَ سِيرُواْ فِيهَا لَيَالِىَ وَأَيَّاماً ءَامِنِينَ - فَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا بَـعِدْ بَيْنَ أَسْفَارِنَا وَظَلَمُواْ أَنفُسَهُمْ فَجَعَلْنَـهُمْ أَحَادِيثَ وَمَزَّقْنَـهُمْ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ إِنَّ فِى ذَلِكَ لاّيَـتٍ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ
(18. And We placed, between them and the towns which We had blessed, towns easy to be seen, and We made the stages (of journey) between them easy (saying): "Travel in them safely both by night and day.'')
(19. But they said: "Our Lord! Make the stages between our journey longer,'' and they wronged themselves; so We made them as tales (in the land), and We dispersed them all totally. Verily, in this are indeed signs for every steadfast, grateful (person).)
Allah tells us about the blessings which the people of Saba' enjoyed, and the luxuries and plentiful provision which was theirs in their land, with its secure dwellings and towns which were joined to one another, with many trees, crops and fruits. When they traveled, they had no need to carry provisions or water with them; wherever they stopped, they would find water and fruits, so they could take their noontime rest in one town, and stay overnight in another, according to their needs on their journey. Allah says:
وَجَعَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْقُرَى الَّتِى بَارَكْنَا فِيهَا
(And We placed, between them and the towns which We had blessed,) Mujahid, Al-Hasan, Sa`id bin Jubayr and Malik, who narrated it from Zayd bin Aslam, and Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Ibn Zayd and others -- all said that this means the towns of Syria. It means they used to travel from Yemen to Syria via towns easy to be seen and connected to one another. Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "`The towns which We had blessed by putting Jerusalem among them.''
قُرًى ظَـهِرَةً
towns easy to be seen, meaning, clear and visible, known to travelers, so they could take their noontime rest in one town and stay overnight in another. Alla0h says:
وَقَدَّرْنَا فِيهَا السَّيْرَ
(and We made the stages (of journey) between them easy) meaning, `We made it in a way that met the needs of the travelers.'
سِيرُواْ فِيهَا لَيَالِىَ وَأَيَّاماً ءَامِنِينَ
(Travel in them safely both by night and day.) means, those who travel in them will be safe both by night and by day.
فَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا بَـعِدْ بَيْنَ أَسْفَارِنَا وَظَلَمُواْ أَنفُسَهُمْ
(But they said: "Our Lord! Make the stages between our journey longer,'' and they wronged themselves;) They failed to appreciate this blessing, as Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Al-Hasan and others said: "They wanted to travel long distances through empty wilderness where they would need to carry provisions with them and would have to travel through intense heat in a state of fear.''
فَجَعَلْنَـهُمْ أَحَادِيثَ وَمَزَّقْنَـهُمْ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ
(so We made them as tales (in the land), and We dispersed them all totally.) means, `We made them something for people to talk about when they converse in the evening, how Allah plotted against them and dispersed them after they had been together living a life of luxury, and they were scattered here and there throughout the land.' So, the Arabs say of a people when they are dispersed, "They have been scattered like Saba','' in all directions.
إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ
(Verily, in this are indeed signs for every steadfast, grateful.) In the punishment which these people suffered, the way in which their blessings and good health were turned into vengeance for their disbelief and sins, is a lesson and an indication for every person who is steadfast in the face of adversity and grateful for blessings. Imam Ahmad recorded that Sa`d bin Abi Waqqas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:
«عَجِبْتُ مِنْ قَضَاءِ اللهِ تَعَالَى لِلْمُؤْمِنِ إِنْ أَصَابَهُ خَيْرٌ حَمِدَ رَبَّهُ وَشَكَرَ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ مُصِيبَةٌ حَمِدَ رَبَّهُ وَصَبَرَ، يُؤْجَرُ الْمُؤْمِنُ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ حَتْى فِي اللُّقْمَةِ يَرْفَعُهَا إِلَى فِي امْرَأَتِه»
(I am amazed at what Allah has decreed for the believer; if something good befalls him, He praises his Lord and gives thanks, and if something bad befalls him, he praises his Lord and has patience. The believer will be rewarded for everything, even the morsel of food which he lifts to his wife's mouth.)'' This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i in Al-Yawm wal-Laylah. There is a corroborating report in the Two Sahihs, where a Hadith narrated by Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, says:
«عَجَبًا لِلْمُؤْمِنِ لَا يَقْضِي اللهُ تَعَالَى لَهُ قَضَاءً إِلَّا كَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُ، إِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ سَرَّاءُ شَكَرَ فَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ ضَرَّاءُ صَبَرَ فَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُ، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لِأَحَدٍ إِلَّا لِلْمُؤْمِن»
(How amazing is the affair of the believer! Allah does not decree anything for him but it is good for him. If something good happens to him, he gives thanks, and that is good for him; if something bad happens to him, he bears it with patience, and that is good for him. This is not for anyone except the believer.)'' It was reported that Qatadah said:
إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ
g(Verily, in this are indeed signs for every steadfast, grateful.) It was Mutarrif who used to say: "How blessed is the grateful, patient servant. If he is given something, he gives thanks, and if he is tested, he bears it with patience.''
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Mereka meminta agar kota-kota yang berdekatan itu dihapuskan dan dijadikan padang sahara yang tandus supaya mereka dapat berbangga diri di hadapan kaum fakir dengan mengendarai unta, serta membawa perbekalan dan air, atau maksudnya agar perjalanan menjadi panjang dan mereka dapat melakukan monopoli dalam perdagangan itu, sehingga keuntungan lebih besar.
Dengan kufur kepada Allah dan kepada nikmat-Nya, maka Allah menghukum mereka dan membinasakan mereka dengan mengirimkan banjir besar yang keras yang merobohkan bendungan mereka, membinasakan kebun-kebun mereka, maka bergantilah kebun yang indah itu menjadi kebun yang tidak ada manfaatnya, di mana buah-buahnya terasa pahit, dan tanaman lainnya yang tumbuh adalah pohon Atsl dan pohon Sidr. Yang demikian karena mereka merubah syukur dengan kekufuran, sehingga nikmat yang mereka peroleh dirubah dengan hukuman.
Bagi generasi setelah mereka.
Mereka kemudian berpencar setelah sebelumnya bersatu, dan Allah jadikan mereka bahan pembicaraan dan sebagai contoh bagi yang lain. Meskipun begitu, tidak ada yang mengambil pelajaran dari peristiwa itu selain orang yang bersabar lagi bersyukur sebagaimana diterangkan dalam ayat di atas.
Yakni sabar dalam menerima musibah dan kepedihan, siap memikulnya karena mencari keridhaan Allah, tidak kesal bahkan ridha kepadanya.
Terhadap nikmat Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala dengan mengakuinya, memuji yang memberinya nikmat dan mengalihkan nikmat itu untuk ketaatan kepada Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala. Orang yang sabar lagi bersyukur ketika mendengar kisah mereka dan hal yang terjadi pada mereka dapat mengetahui bahwa musibah tersebut sebagai balasan terhadap kufurnya mereka kepada nikmat Allah dan bahwa barang siapa yang berbuat seperti itu akan diberikan balasan yang serupa, ia juga mengetahui, bahwa syukur kepada Allah dapat menjaga nikmat dan menolak hukuman. Demikian pula ia mengetahui, bahwa para rasul adalah benar dalam berita yang mereka sampaikan, dan bahwa pembalasan adalah benar sebagaimana ia melihat contoh-contohnya ketika di dunia.
