Surah An-Nisaa Verse 100

۞ وَمَنْ يُهَاجِرْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يَجِدْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُرَاغَمًا كَثِيرًا وَسَعَةً ۚ وَمَنْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا



And whoever emigrates for the cause of Allah will find on the earth many [alternative] locations and abundance. And whoever leaves his home as an emigrant to Allah and His Messenger and then death overtakes him - his reward has already become incumbent upon Allah. And Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.

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(… and whoso forsaketh his home, a fugitive unto Allah and His messenger…) [4:100]. Said Ibn 'Abbas,according to the report of 'Ata': “'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf was used to inform the [Muslims from among the]people of Mecca about anything that was revealed about them in the Qur'an. And so he wrote the verse,(Lo! As for those whom the angels take (in death) while they wrong themselves…) [4:97]. When theMuslims read it, Habib ibn Damrah al-Laythi, who was an old man, said to his sons: 'I am not one of theoppressed so take me, for I would not be able to find the way on my own'. His sons transported him on anelevated seat and headed toward Medina. When he got to al-Tan'im, death descended on him. He clappedhis right hand on his left and said: 'O Allah, this is for you and this is for your Messenger. I pledge allegianceto you regarding that which I pledge allegiance to your Messenger, Allah bless him and give him peace', andhe died an easy death. When his news reached the Companions of the Messenger, Allah bless him and givehim peace, they said: 'His reward would have been more complete had he reached Medina', and so Allah,exalted is He, revealed this verse”. Abu Hassan al-Muzani informed us> Harun ibn Muhammad ibn Harun>Ishaq ibn Muhammad al-Khuza'i> Abu'l-Walid al-Azraqi> his grandfather> Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah> 'Amr ibnDinar> 'Ikrimah who said: “There were some people in Mecca who were convinced in Islam but could notmigrate. When the Battle of Badr happened, they were forced to take part in it and were killed fighting withthe idolaters, and so Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Lo! As for those whom the angels take (in death) whilethey wrong themselves) up to His words (As for such, it may be that Allah will pardon them…) [4:99]. Thosein Medina wrote to those Muslims in Mecca, informing them of this. A man from Banu Bakr, who was sick,said: 'Take me to al-Rawha' ', and they took him there. He left with the intention of going to Medina. Butwhen he reached al-Hashas he died, and so Allah, exalted is He, revealed (… and whoso forsaketh his home,a fugitive unto Allah and His messenger…)”.

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّـهُمُ الْمَلَـئِكَةُ ظَـلِمِى أَنفُسِهِمْ قَالُواْ فِيمَ كُنتُمْ قَالُواْ كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ قَالْواْ أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَسِعَةً فَتُهَـجِرُواْ فِيهَا فَأُوْلَـئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَسَآءَتْ مَصِيراً - إِلاَّ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَآءِ وَالْوِلْدَنِ لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَلاَ يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلاً - فَأُوْلَـئِكَ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَفُوّاً غَفُوراً - وَمَن يُهَاجِرْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يَجِدْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ مُرَاغَماً كَثِيراً وَسَعَةً وَمَن يَخْرُجْ مِن بَيْتِهِ مُهَـجِراً إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلىَ اللَّهِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً

(97. Verily, as for those whom the angels take (in death) while they are wronging themselves, they (angels) say (to them): "In what (condition) were you'' They reply: "We were weak and oppressed on the earth.'' They (angels) say: "Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to emigrate therein'' Such men will find their abode in Hell - what an evil destination!)

(98. Except the weak ones among men, women and children who cannot devise a plan, nor are they able to direct their way.)

(99. These are they whom Allah is likely to forgive them, and Allah is Ever Oft-Pardoning, Oft-Forgiving.)

(100. He who emigrates in the cause of Allah, will find on earth many dwelling places and plenty to live by. And whosoever leaves his home as an emigrant unto Allah and His Messenger, and death overtakes him, his reward is then surely incumbent upon Allah. And Allah is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

The Prohibition of Residing Among the Disbelievers While Able to Emigrate

Al-Bukhari recorded that Muhammad bin `Abdur-Rahman, Abu Al-Aswad, said, "The people of Al-Madinah were forced to prepare an army (to fight against the people of Ash-Sham during the Khilafah of Abdullah bin Az-Zubayir at Makkah), and I was enlisted in it. Then I met `Ikrimah, the freed slave of Ibn `Abbas, and informed him (about it), and he forbade me strongly from doing so (i.e., to enlist in that army), and then he said to me, `Ibn `Abbas told me that some Muslims used to go out with the idolators increasing the size of their army against the Messenger of Allah . Then, an arrow would hit one of them and kill him, or he would be struck on his neck (with a sword) and killed, and Allah sent down the Ayah,

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّـهُمُ الْمَلَـئِكَةُ ظَـلِمِى أَنفُسِهِمْ

(Verily, as for those whom the angels take (in death) while they are wronging themselves).'' Ad-Dahhak stated that this Ayah was revealed about some hypocrites who did not join the Messenger of Allah but remained in Makkah and went out with the idolators for the battle of Badr. They were killed among those who were killed. Thus, this honorable Ayah was revealed about those who reside among the idolators, while able to perform Hijrah and unable to practice the faith. Such people will be committing injustice against themselves and falling into a prohibition according to the consensus and also according to this Ayah,

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّـهُمُ الْمَلَـئِكَةُ ظَـلِمِى أَنفُسِهِمْ

(Verily, as for those whom the angels take (in death) while they are wronging themselves,) by refraining from Hijrah,

قَالُواْ فِيمَ كُنتُمْ

(They (angels) say (to them): "In what (condition) were you'') meaning, why did you remain here and not perform Hijrah

قَالُواْ كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ

(They reply: "We were weak and oppressed on the earth.'') meaning, we are unable to leave the land or move about in the earth,

قَالْواْ أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَسِعَةً

(They (angels) say: "Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you). Abu Dawud recorded that Samurah bin Jundub said that the Messenger of Allah said,

«مَنْ جَامَعَ الْمُشْرِكَ وَسَكَنَ مَعَهُ فَإِنَّهُ مِثْلُه»

(Whoever mingles with the idolator and resides with him, he is just like him.) Allah's statement,

إِلاَّ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ

(Except the weak) until the end of the Ayah, is an excuse that Allah gives for this type of people not to emigrate, because they are unable to free themselves from the idolators. And even if they did, they would not know which way to go. This is why Allah said,

لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَلاَ يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلاً

(Who cannot devise a plan, nor are they able to direct their way), meaning, they do not find the way to emigrate, as Mujahid, `Ikrimah and As-Suddi stated. Allah's statement,

فَأُوْلَـئِكَ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُمْ

(These are they whom Allah is likely to forgive them,) means, pardon them for not migrating, and here, `likely' means He shall,

وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَفُوّاً غَفُوراً

(and Allah is Ever Oft-Pardoning, Oft-Forgiving). Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, "While the Messenger of Allah was praying `Isha', he said, `Sami` Allahu Liman Hamidah.' He then said before he prostrated,

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِ عَيَّاشَ بْنَ أبِي رَبِيعَةَ، اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِ سَلَمَةَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ، اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ، اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشْدُدْ وَطْأَتَكَ عَلَى مُضَرَ، اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا سِنِينَ كَسِنِي يُوسُف»

(O Allah! Save `Ayyash bin Abi Rabi`ah. O Allah! Save Salamah bin Hisham. O Allah! Save Al-Walid bin Al-Walid. O Allah! Save the weak Muslims. O Allah! Be very hard on Mudar tribe. O Allah! Afflict them with years (of famine) similar to the (famine) years of the time of Prophet Yusuf.)'' Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu An-Nu`man said that Hammad bin Zayd said that Ayyub narrated that Ibn Abi Mulaykah said that Ibn `Abbas commented on the verse,

إِلاَّ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ

(Except the weak ones among men), "I and my mother were among those (weak ones) whom Allah excused.'' Allah's statement,

وَمَن يُهَاجِرْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يَجِدْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ مُرَاغَماً كَثِيراً وَسَعَةً

(He who emigrates in the cause of Allah, will find on earth many dwelling places and plenty to live by.) this encourages the believers to perform Hijrah and abandon the idolators, for wherever the believer emigrates, he will find a safe refuge to resort to. Mujahid said that,

مُرَاغَماً كَثِيراً

(many dwelling places) means, he will find a way out of what he dislikes. Allah's statement,

(and plenty to live by.) refers to provision. Qatadah also said that,

يَجِدْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ مُرَاغَماً كَثِيراً وَسَعَةً

(...will find on earth many dwelling places and plenty to live by.) means, Allah will take him from misguidance to guidance and from poverty to richness. Allah's statement,

وَمَن يَخْرُجْ مِن بَيْتِهِ مُهَـجِراً إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلىَ اللَّهِ

(And whosoever leaves his home as an emigrant unto Allah and His Messenger, and death overtakes him, his reward is then surely, incumbent upon Allah. ) means, whoever starts emigrating and dies on the way, he will acquire the reward of those who emigrate for Allah. The Two Sahihs, along with the Musnad and Sunan compilers, recorded that `Umar bin Al-Khattab said that the Messenger of Allah said,

«إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّــيَّاتِ، وَإِنَّمَا لِكُلِّ امْرِىءٍ مَا نَوَى، فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلى دُنْيَا يُصِيبُهَا، أَوِ امْرَأَةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا، فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلى مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْه»

(The reward of deeds depends upon the intentions, and every person will be rewarded according to what he has intended. So, whoever emigrated to Allah and His Messenger, then his emigration is for Allah and His Messenger. And whoever emigrated for worldly benefits or for a woman to marry, his emigration is for what he emigrated for.) This Hadith is general, it applies to Hijrah as well as every other deed. In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that a man killed ninety-nine people and completed the number one hundred when he killed a worshipper. He then asked a scholar if he has a chance to repent. The scholar said, "What prevents you from repentance'' The scholar told the killer to emigrate from his land to another land where Allah is worshipped. When he left his land and started on the migration to the other land, death overtook him on the way. The angels of mercy and the angels of torment disputed about the man, whereas the former said that he went out in repentance, while the latter said that he did not arrive at his destination. They were commanded to measure the distance between the two lands and to whichever land he is closer to, he will be considered part of that land. Allah commanded that the righteous land to move closer and the land of evil to move farther. The angels found that he died closer to the land that he intended to emigrate to by a hand-span, and thus the angels of mercy captured his soul. In another narration, when death came to that man, he moved his chest towards the righteous village that he emigrated to.

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Ibnu Jarir berkata: Telah menceritakan kepada kami Ahmad bin Manshur Ar Ramaadiy, ia berkata: Telah menceritakan kepada kami Abu Ahmad Az Zubairiy, ia berkata: Telah menceritakan kepada kami Syuraik dari Amr bin Dinar dari Ikrimah dari Ibnu Abbas ia berkata tentang turunnya ayat ini, "Innalladziina tawaffahumul malalaaa'ikatu zhaalimii anfusihim," bahwa di Mekah ada seorang yang dikenal dengan nama Dhamurah dari Bani Bakar, ia sedang sakit, lalu berkata kepada keluarganya, "Keluarkanlah aku dari Mekah, karena saya menemukan kebebasan." Keluarganya berkata, "Di mana kami mengeluarkan kamu?" maka ia berisyarat dengan tangannya ke arah Madinah, maka turunlah ayat ini, "Wa may yakhruj min baitihi muhaajiran ilallahi wa rasuulih." (Hadits ini para perawinya tsiqah, sedangkan Syuraik adalah Ibnu Abdillah Al Qaadhiy An Nakha'iy, dalam hapalannya ada kelemahan. Ibnu Jarir (9/115) juga meriwayatkan dari jalan Sufyan bin Uyainah dari 'Amr bin Dinar ia berkata, "Saya mendengar Ikrimah." Secara mursal. Abdurrazzaq meriwayatkan dari jalan Ibnu Uyainah dari 'Amr, bahwa ia mendengar Ikrimah secara mursal. Namun Muhammad bin Syuraik Al Makkiy menyelisihi Sufyan bin Uyainah; Muhammad meriwayatkan dari 'Amr bin Dinar dari Ikrimah dari Ibnu Abbas secara maushul. Jika memang harus ditarjih, maka yang diperkuat adalah Sufyan bin Uyainah. Imam Ahmad berkata, "Orang yang paling 'alim tentang 'Amr bin Dinar adalah Ibnu Uyainah." Ibnul Madini berkata, "Ibnu Juraij dan Ibnu Uyainah adalah orang yang paling 'alim terhadap 'Amr bin Dinar." Dalam sebagian naskah tertulis "Muhammad bin Syuraik" sebagai ganti "Syuraik", sedangkan Muhammad bin Syuraik adalah tsiqah, namun Sufyan bin Uyainah lebih tsiqah daripadanya. Dengan demikian yang rajih, hadits tersebut adalah mursal, wallahu 'alam. Akan tetapi hadits tersebut memiliki jalan yang lain yang sampai kepada Ikrimah dari Ibnu Abbas dalam Al Mathaalib Al 'Aliyyah hal. 433 yang diriwayatkan oleh Abu Ya'la, Al Haitsami dalam Al Majma' juz 7 hal. 10 berkata, "Para perawinya tsiqah." Di sana diterangkan, bahwa ia (Dhamurah) wafat di tengah perjalanan sebelum sampai kepada Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, dan diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Abi Hatim. Al Haafizh menyebutkan beberapa jalan yang lain dalam Al Ishabah pada bagian biografi Janda' bin Dhamurah juz 1 hal. 253 (Diringkas dari Ash Shahiihul Musnad karya Syaikh Muqbil).