وَلَأُضِلَّنَّهُمْ وَلَأُمَنِّيَنَّهُمْ وَلَآمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُبَتِّكُنَّ آذَانَ الْأَنْعَامِ وَلَآمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ خَلْقَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَّخِذِ الشَّيْطَانَ وَلِيًّا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ خَسِرَ خُسْرَانًا مُبِينًا
And I will mislead them, and I will arouse in them [sinful] desires, and I will command them so they will slit the ears of cattle, and I will command them so they will change the creation of Allah." And whoever takes Satan as an ally instead of Allah has certainly sustained a clear loss.
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إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذلِكَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَمَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَـلاً بَعِيداً - إِن يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ إِلاَّ إِنَـثاً وَإِن يَدْعُونَ إِلاَّ شَيْطَـناً مَّرِيداً - لَّعَنَهُ اللَّهُ وَقَالَ لاّتَّخِذَنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِكَ نَصِيباً مَّفْرُوضاً - وَلأضِلَّنَّهُمْ وَلأُمَنِّيَنَّهُمْ وَلاّمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُبَتِّكُنَّ ءَاذَانَ الاٌّنْعَـمِ وَلاّمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ خَلْقَ اللَّهِ وَمَن يَتَّخِذِ الشَّيْطَـنَ وَلِيّاً مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ خَسِرَ خُسْرَاناً مُّبِيناً - يَعِدُهُمْ وَيُمَنِّيهِمْ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمْ الشَّيْطَـنُ إِلاَّ غُرُوراً - أُوْلَـئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَلاَ يَجِدُونَ عَنْهَا مَحِيصاً - وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ سَنُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ خَـلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَداً وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقّاً وَمَنْ أَصْدَقُ مِنَ اللَّهِ قِيلاً
(116. Verily, Allah forgives not (the sin of) setting up partners (in worship) with Him, but He forgives whom He wills, sins other than that, and whoever sets up partners in worship with Allah, has indeed strayed far away.)
(117. They invoke nothing but female deities besides Him (Allah), and they invoke nothing but Shaytan, a persistent rebel!)
(118. Allah cursed him. And he Shaytan said: "I will take an appointed portion of your servants.")
(119. "Verily, I will mislead them, and surely, I will arouse in them false desires; and certainly, I will order them to slit the ears of cattle, and indeed I will order them to change the nature created by Allah.'' And whoever takes Shaytan as a Wali instead of Allah, has surely suffered a manifest loss.)
(120. He Shaytan makes promises to them, and arouses in them false desires; and Shaytan's promises are nothing but deceptions.)
(121. The dwelling of such (people) is Hell, and they will find no way of escape from it.)
(122. And those who believe and do righteous good deeds, We shall admit them to the Gardens under which rivers flow (i.e. in Paradise) to dwell therein forever. Allah's promise is the truth; and whose words can be truer than those of Allah)
We talked about Allah's statement,
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ
(Verily, Allah forgives not (the sin of) setting up partners (in worship) with Him, but He forgives whom He wills, sins other than that,) before and mentioned the relevant Hadiths in the beginning of this Surah. Allah's statement,
وَمَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَـلاً بَعِيداً
(and whoever sets up partners in worship with Allah, has indeed strayed far away.) means, he will have taken other than the true path, deviated from guidance and righteousness, destroyed himself in this life and the Hereafter, and lost contentment in this life and the Hereafter. Juwaybir said that Ad-Dahhak said about Allah's statement,
إِن يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ إِلاَّ إِنَـثاً
(They invoke nothing but female deities besides Him (Allah),) "The idolators claimed that the angels are Allah's daughters, saying, `We only worship them so that they bring us closer to Allah.' So they took the angels as gods, made the shapes of girls and decided, `These (idols) resemble the daughters of Allah (i.e., the angels), Whom we worship. ''' This is similar to Allah's statements,
أَفَرَءَيْتُمُ اللَّـتَ وَالْعُزَّى
(Have you then considered Al-Lat and Al-`Uzza)
وَجَعَلُواْ الْمَلَـئِكَةَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عِبَادُ الرَّحْمَـنِ إِنَـثاً
(And they make the angels who themselves are servants of the Most Gracious (Allah) females) and,
وَجَعَلُواْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجِنَّةِ نَسَباً
(And they have invented a kinship between Him and the Jinn). Allah's statement,
وَإِن يَدْعُونَ إِلاَّ شَيْطَـناً مَّرِيداً
(and they invoke nothing but Shaytan, a persistent rebel!) means, Shaytan has commanded them to do this and made it seem fair and beautiful in their eyes. Consequently, they are worshipping Shaytan in reality, just as Allah said in another Ayah,
أَلَمْ أَعْهَدْ إِلَيْكُمْ يبَنِى ءَادَمَ أَن لاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ الشَّيطَـنَ
(Did I not command you, O Children of Adam, that you should not worship Shaytan) Allah said that, on the Day of Resurrection, the angels shall proclaim about the idolators who worshipped them in this life:
بَلْ كَانُواْ يَعْبُدُونَ الْجِنَّ أَكْـثَرُهُم بِهِم مُّؤْمِنُونَ
(Nay, but they used to worship the Jinn; most of them were believers in them). Allah's statement,
لَّعَنَهُ اللَّهُ
(Allah cursed him), means, He expelled him and banished him from His mercy and His grace.
لاّتَّخِذَنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِكَ نَصِيباً مَّفْرُوضاً
(I will take an appointed portion of your servants) means, a fixed and known share. Muqatil bin Hayyan commented, "From every one thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine will go to the Fire and one to Paradise.''
(Verily, I will mislead them) from the true path,
(and surely, I will arouse in them false desires;) tempting them to feign repentance, arousing false hopes in them, encouraging them to delay and procrastinate with righteous deeds, deceiving them.
وَلاّمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُبَتِّكُنَّ ءَاذَانَ الاٌّنْعَـمِ
(and certainly, I will order them to slit the ears of cattle,) meaning, slitting their ears to designate them as Bahirah, Sa'ibah, and a Wasilah, as Qatadah and As-Suddi stated.
وَلاّمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ خَلْقَ اللَّهِ
(And indeed I will order them to change the nature created by Allah.) means tattooing, according to Al-Hasan bin Abi Al-Hasan Al-Basri. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded the prohibition of tattooing the face, which in one of its wordings states: "May Allah curse whoever does this.'' It is also recorded in the Sahih that Ibn Mas`ud said, "May Allah curse those who have tattoos and those who do it, who pluck their (facial) hairs and the one who does it for them, and those who make spaces between their teeth for the purpose of beauty, changing what Allah has created.'' He then said, "Why should not I curse whom the Messenger of Allah has cursed, when the Book of Allah commands it,'' referring to the Ayah,
وَمَآ ءَاتَـكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَـكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانتَهُواْ
(And whatsoever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it)). Allah's statement,
وَمَن يَتَّخِذِ الشَّيْطَـنَ وَلِيّاً مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ خَسِرَ خُسْرَاناً مُّبِيناً
(And whoever takes Shaytan as a Wali (protector or helper) instead of Allah, has surely suffered a manifest loss.) means, he will have lost this life and the Hereafter. Indeed, this is a type of loss that cannot be compensated or restored. Allah's statement,
يَعِدُهُمْ وَيُمَنِّيهِمْ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمْ الشَّيْطَـنُ إِلاَّ غُرُوراً
(He Shaytan makes promises to them, and arouses in them false desires;) explains the true reality. Surely, Shaytan deceitfully promises his supporters and tempts them into believing that they are winners in this and the Hereafter. This is why Allah said,
وَمَا يَعِدُهُمْ الشَّيْطَـنُ إِلاَّ غُرُوراً
(and Shaytan's promises are nothing but deceptions.) Allah states that on the Day of Return,
وَقَالَ الشَّيْطَـنُ لَمَّا قُضِىَ الاٌّمْرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ وَوَعَدتُّكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ وَمَا كَانَ لِىَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِّن سُلْطَـنٍ
(And Shaytan will say when the matter has been decided: "Verily, Allah promised you a promise of truth. And I too promised you, but I betrayed you. I had no authority over you), until,
إِنَّ الظَّـلِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
(Verily, there is a painful torment for the wrongdoers.) Allah's statement,
(of such (people)) refers to those who like and prefer what Shaytan is promising and assuring them of,
مَّأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ
(The dwelling of such (people) is Hell), as their destination and abode on the Day of Resurrection,
وَلاَ يَجِدُونَ عَنْهَا مَحِيصاً
(and they will find no way of escape from it.), meaning, they will not be able to avoid, avert, evade or elude the Hellfire.
Allah then mentions the condition of the content righteous believers and the perfect honor they will earn in the end. Allah said,
وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَاتِ
(And those who believe and do righteous good deeds,) meaning, their hearts were truthful and their limbs obedient with the righteous acts they were commanded, all the while abandoning the evil they were prohibited from doing.
سَنُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ
(We shall admit them to Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise)) meaning, they will think of where they want these rivers to flow and they will flow there,
خَـلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَداً
(to dwell therein forever), without end or being removed from it.
وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقًّا
(Allah's promise is the truth), meaning, this is a true promise from Allah, and verily, Allah's promise shall come to pass. Allah then said,
وَمَنْ أَصْدَقُ مِنَ اللَّهِ قِيلاً
(and whose words can be truer than those of Allah) meaning, none is more truthful in statement and narration than Allah. There is no deity worthy of worship, or Lord except Him. The Messenger of Allah used to proclaim in his speech,
«إِنَّ أَصْدَقَ الْحَدِيثِ كَلَامُ اللهِ، وَخَيْرَ الْهَدْيِ هَدْيُ مُحَمَّدٍصلى الله عليه وسلّم، وَشَرَّ الْأُمُورِ مُحْدَثَاتُهَا، وَكُلَّ مُحْدَثَةٍ بِدْعَةٌ، وَكُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلَالَةٌ، وَكُلَّ ضَلَالَةٍ فِي النَّار»
(The most truthful speech is Allah's Speech, and the best guidance is the guidance of Muhammad. The worst matters are the newly invented (in religion), every newly invented matter is an innovation, and every innovation is a heresy, and every heresy is in the Fire.)
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Yakni menaruh dalam hati mereka rasa lamanya hidup di dunia dan tidak adanya kebangkitan serta hisab. Ada pula yang menafsirkan, bahwa di samping menyesatkan manusia, dia juga akan menghias kesesatan itu, sehingga manusia mengira bahwa yang demikian merupakan kebaikan. Hal ini merupakan keburukan ditambah keburukan, mereka mengerjakan amalan penghuni neraka, namun mereka mengira bahwa amalan itu memasukkan ke surga sebagaimana yang menimpa orang-orang Yahudi dan Nasrani. Sebagaimana firman Allah Ta'ala, "Dan mereka (Yahudi dan Nasrani) berkata: "Sekali-kali tidak akan masuk surga kecuali orang-orang (yang beragama) Yahudi atau Nasrani". Yang demikian (hanyalah) angan-angan mereka yang kosong belaka. " (Terj. Al Baqarah: 111) Demikian pula seperti yang menimpa orang-orang munafik, "Orang-orang munafik itu memanggil mereka (orang-orang mukmin) sambil berkata, "Bukankah Kami dahulu bersama-sama dengan kamu?" Mereka menjawab, "Benar, tetapi kamu mencelakakan dirimu sendiri dan menunggu (kehancuran kami) dan kamu ragu- ragu serta ditipu oleh angan-angan kosong sehingga datanglah ketetapan Allah; dan kamu telah ditipu terhadap Allah oleh (setan) yang amat penipu." (Terj. Al Hadiid: 14)
Menurut kepercayaan Arab jahiliyah, binatang-binatang yang akan dipersembahkan kepada patung-patung berhala, harus dipotong telinganya lebih dahulu, dan binatang yang seperti ini tidak boleh dikendarai dan tidak dipergunakan lagi, serta harus dilepaskan saja. Termasuk pula dalam hal ini unta Bahirah, Sa'ibad, Washilah dan Haam seperti yang disebutkan dalam Al Ma'idah ayat 103. Semua ini termasuk penyesatan setan, di mana yang demikian menghendaki mengharamkan apa yang Allah halalkan atau menghalalkan apa yang Allah haramkan. Termasuk pula kepercayaan-kepercayaan lain dan adat istiadat yang bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam, seperti pada adat-adat yang biasa dilakukan di daerah Jawa dan lainnya, mereka melakukan berbagai acara dengan adanya keyakinan-keyakinan tertentu. Misalnya memandikan keris, melempar sesaji ke tengah laut, dsb. di mana di dalamnya banyak kemusyrikan, wallahul musta'aan.
Imam Thabari meriwayatkan dengan sanadnya yang sampai kepada Ibnu Abbas, bahwa ia membenci melakukan pengebirian, ia berkata, "Tentang hal ini turunlah ayat, "dan akan kusuruh mereka mengubah ciptaan Allah." (Hadits ini shahih sesuai syarat Muslim)
Mengubah ciptaan Allah dapat berarti mengubah agama Allah dan menggantinya dengan kekafiran, menghalalkan apa yang diharamkan Allah dan mengharamkan apa yang dihalalkan-Nya. Ada pula yang menafsirkan dengan "mengubah penampilan fisik" untuk kecantikan, seperti melakukan tato, menipiskan gigi, mencabut alis, merenggangkan gigi dsb. hal itu, karena di dalamnya terdapat sikap tidak suka dengan ciptaan Allah, mengkritik kebijaksanaan-Nya, menganggap bahwa apa yang mereka buat dengan tangan mereka lebih baik daripada ciptaan Allah. Ada pula yang menafsirkan dengan "Mengubah fitrah yang tertanam dalam jiwa manusia", yakni karena Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala menciptakan hamba-hamba-Nya dalam keadaan hanif (lurus), diciptakan dalam keadaan mau menerima yang hak dan lebih mengutamakannya, lalu setan pun datang dan menarik mereka dari akhlak yang mulia ini serta menghias keburukan, kesyrikkan, kekafiran, kefasikan dan kemaksiatan kepada mereka. Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala menciptakan manusia di atas fitrah Islam, namun kedua orang tuanya yang mengubahnya menjadi Yahudi, Nasrani atau Majusi. Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala menciptakan manusia di atas tauhid, rasa cinta dan mengenal-Nya, namun setan menyerang mereka bagaikan serigala yang yang menyerang kambing yang sedang sendiri. Kalau bukan karena kelembutan Allah dan kepemurahan-Nya kepada hamba-hamba-Nya yang ikhlas, tentu akan menimpa mereka sebagaimana yang menimpa orang-orang yang terfitnah lainnya karena berpaling dari Ar Rahman beralih mendekati setan yang terkutuk, dan barang siapa yang menjadikan setan sebagai walinya, maka sungguh ia telah menderita kerugian yang nyata. Kerugian manakah yang melebihi kerugian agama dan dunia serta dibinasakan hidupnya oleh maksiat dan dosa-dosa, di mana ia akan memperoleh kesengsaraan yang kekal dan hilangnya kenikmatan. Sebaliknya, barang siapa yang menjadikan Allah sebagai walinya dan lebih mengutamakan ridha-Nya, maka ia akan mendapatkan keberuntungan dan kebahagiaan di dunia dan akhirat.
