يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَىٰ وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا ۚ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ
O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.
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(O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female…) [49:13]. Said Ibn 'Abbas: “This was revealedabout Thabit ibn Qays when he made a remark about the man who did not make room for him to sit: 'What,the son of so-and-so [referring to his mother]'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace,said: 'Who mentioned that woman?' Thabit stood up and said: 'I did, O Messenger of Allah!' The Messengersaid to him: 'Look at the faces of those present'. And when he looked, he asked him: 'What do you see?' Hesaid: 'I see white, red and black people'. The Prophet said: 'Well, you are not better than any of them unlessit be through [the good practice of] religion and God-fearingness'. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed thisverse”. Muqatil said: “On the day Mecca was conquered, the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and givehim peace, ordered Bilal to climb on the roof of the Ka'bah and perform the call to prayer. 'Attab ibn Asidcommented on this: 'Praise be to Allah, that Allah has taken my father to Him and made that he did not seethis day'. Al-Harith ibn Hisham said: 'Did Muhammad not find any other caller to prayer except this blackraven?' Suhayl ibn 'Amr said: 'Allah willing, he will change him'. Abu Sufyan, on the other hand, said: 'I amnot going to make any comment; I am afraid that the Lord of heaven will divulge what I say!' Gabriel, peacebe upon him, went to the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and informed him about what theysaid. The Prophet summoned them and asked them about what they said and they admitted it. Allah,exalted is He, then revealed this verse warning them against boasting about their lineages and abundance ofwealth and against looking down on the poor”. Abu Hassan al-Muzakki informed us> Harun ibn Muhammadal-Istrabadhi> Abu Muhammad Ishaq ibn Muhammad al-Khuza'i> Abu'l-Walid al-Azraqi> his grandfather>'Abd al-Jabbar ibn al-Ward al-Makki> Ibn Abi Mulaykah who said: “On the day Mecca was conquered, Bilalclimbed on the roof of the Ka'bah and performed the call to prayer. One person said: 'O servants of Allah!How can this black slave be allowed to perform the call to prayer on top of the Ka'bah?' Another man said:'If Allah is displeased, He will change him'. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed this verse (O mankind! Lo! Wehave created you male and female)”. Yazid ibn Shajarah said: “One day, the Messenger of Allah, Allah blesshim and give him peace, passed by some of the marketplaces of Medina and saw a black slave standingwhile his seller was crying: 'This is for sale for whoever wants to offer more!' The slave kept repeating: 'Ihave a condition for whoever wants to buy me'. He was asked: 'What is your condition?' He said: 'He shouldnot stop me from performing the five prescribed prayers behind the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him andgive him peace'. A man bought him on this condition. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give himpeace, saw him at each prescribed prayer until he failed to see him one day. He asked his owner: 'Where isthe slave boy?' He said: 'He has fever, O Messenger of Allah!' The Prophet said to his Companions: 'Let usgo and visit him'. They went and visited him. After a few days, the Prophet, Allah bless him and give himpeace, asked his owner: 'How is the slave boy?' The man said: 'O Messenger of Allah, the boy's lips haveturned dark'. The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, went and entered in on the boy. He foundhim feverish and he died in that state. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, tookcharge of his washing, shrouding and burial. His Companions were horrified and became greatly disturbed.The Emigrants said: 'We have left our homes, wealth and family, but none of us has seen in his life, sicknessor death what this slave boy has'. The Helpers said: 'We have received him in our homes, helped him andconsoled him with our riches but he preferred this Abyssinian slave over us'. Allah, glorious and majestic isHe, then revealed this verse (O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female), i.e. you are thechildren of one father and one mother, and He showed them the merit of God-fearingness by His words (Lo!the noblest of you, in the sight of Allah…)”.
يأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَـكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَـكُمْ شُعُوباً وَقَبَآئِلَ لِتَعَـرَفُواْ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عَندَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَـكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ
(13. O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes that you may know one another. Verily, the most honorable of you with Allah is that (believer) who has At-Taqwa. Verily, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.)
Allah the Exalted declares to mankind that He has created them all from a single person, `Adam, and from that person He created his mate, Hawwa'. From their offspring He made nations, comprised of tribe, which include subtribes of all sizes. It was also said that `nations refers to non-Arabs, while `tribes refers to Arabs. Various statements about this were collected in an individual introduction from the book, Al-Inbah, by Abu `Amr Ibn `Abdul-Barr, and from the book, Al-Qasad wal-Amam fi Ma`rifah Ansab Al-Arab wal-`Ajam. Therefore, all people are the descendants of `Adam and Hawwa' and share this honor equally. The only difference between them is in the religion that revolves around their obedience to Allah the Exalted and their following of His Messenger . After He forbade backbiting and belittling other people, alerting mankind that they are all equal in their humanity. Allah said,
يأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَـكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَـكُمْ شُعُوباً وَقَبَآئِلَ لِتَعَـرَفُواْ
(O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes that you may know one another.) so that they get to know each other by their nation or tribe. Mujahid said that Allah's statement,
(that you may know one another.) refers to one's saying, "So-and-so the son of so-and-so, from the tribe of so-and-so.'' Sufyan Ath-Thawri said, "The Himyar (who resided in Yemen) dealt with each other according to their provinces, while the Arabs in the Hijaz (Western Arabia) dealt with each other according to their tribes.''
Allah the Exalted said,
إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عَندَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَـكُمْ
(Verily, the most honorable of you with Allah is that (believer) who has At-Taqwa.) meaning, `you earn honor with Allah the Exalted on account of Taqwa, not family lineage.' There are many Hadiths from the Prophet that support this meaning. Al-Bukhari narrated that Abu Hurayrah said, "Some people asked the Prophet , `Who is the most honorable among people' He replied,
«أَكْرَمُهُمْ عِنْدَ اللهِ أَتْقَاهُم»
(The most honorable among them with Allah is the one who has the most Taqwa.) They said, `We did not ask you about this.' He said,
«فَأَكْرَمُ النَّاسِ يُوسُفُ نَبِيُّ اللهِ، ابْنُ نَبِيِّ اللهِ، ابْنِ نَبِيِّ اللهِ ابْنِ خَلِيلِ الله»
(Then the most honorable person is Yusuf, Allah's Prophet, the son of Allah's Prophet, the son of Allah's Prophet, the son of Allah's Khalil.) They said, `We did not ask you about this.' He said,
«فَعَنْ مَعَادِنِ الْعَرَبِ تَسْأَلُونِّي»
؟ (Then you want to ask me about the Arab lineage) They said, `Yes.' He said,
«فَخِيَارُكُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ خِيَارُكُمْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ إِذَا فَقُهُوا»
(Those among you who were best in Jahiliyyah, are the best among you in Islam, if they attain religious understanding.)'' Al-Bukhari collected this Hadith in several places of his Sahih, An-Nasa'i did as well in the Tafsir section of his Sunan. Muslim recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَى صُوَرِكُمْ وَأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَلكِنْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى قُلُوبِكُمْ وَأَعْمَالِكُم»
(Verily, Allah does not look at your shapes or wealth, but he looks at your hearts and actions.) Ibn Majah also collected this Hadith. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar said, "On the day Makkah was conquered, the Messenger of Allah performed Tawaf around the Ka`bah while riding his camel, Al-Qaswa', and was touching the corners with a stick he had in his hand. He did not find a place in the Masjid where his camel could sit and had to dismount on men's hands. He led his camel to the bottom of the valley, where he had her sit down. The Messenger of Allah later gave a speech while riding Al-Qaswa' and said, after thanking Allah the Exalted and praising Him as He should be praised,
«يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ أَذْهَبَ عَنْكُمْ عُبِّيَّةَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَتَعَظُّمَهَا بِآبَائِهَا، فَالنَّاسُ رَجُلَانِ: رَجُلٌ بَرٌّ تَقِيٌّ كَرِيمٌ عَلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى، وَرَجُلٌ فَاجِرٌ شَقِيٌّ هَيِّنٌ عَلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى، إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ:
يأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَـكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَـكُمْ شُعُوباً وَقَبَآئِلَ لِتَعَـرَفُواْ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عَندَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَـكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ »
(O people! Allah the Exalted has removed from you the slogans of Jahiliyyah and its tradition of honoring forefathers. Men are of two types, a man who is righteous, fearful of Allah and honorable to Allah, or a man who is vicious, miserable and little to Allah the Exalted. Verily, Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said, (O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most honorable of you with Allah is that (believer) who has At-Taqwa. Verily, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.)) The Prophet said,
«أَقُولُ قَوْلِي هذَا وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ لِي وَلَكُم»
(I say this and invoke Allah for forgiveness for me and for you.)'' This was recorded by `Abd bin Humayd. Allah the Exalted said,
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَيمٌ خَبِيرٌ
(Verily, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.) means, `He is All-Knowing of you and All-Aware of all of your affairs.' Allah guides whom He wills, misguides whom He wills, grants mercy to whom He wills, tor- ments whom He wills, elevates whom He wills above whom He wills. He is the All-Wise, the All-Knowing, the All-Aware in all this. Several scholars relied on this honorable Ayah and the honora- ble Hadiths we menti- oned as evidence that compatibility in marriage is not a condition of marriage contracts. They said that the only condition required in this regard is the adherence to the religion, as in the statement of Allah, the Exalted,
إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عَندَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَـكُمْ
(Verily, the most honorable of you with Allah is the one with the most Taqwa. )
untuk dapat menambahkan tafsir
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Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala memberitahukan, bahwa Dia yang menciptakan Bani Adam dari asal yang satu dan jenis yang satu. Mereka semua dari laki-laki dan perempuan dan jika ditelusuri, maka ujungnya kembali kepada Adam dan Hawaâ. Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala menyebarkan dari keduanya laki-laki dan perempuan yang banyak dan memisahkan mereka serta menjadikan mereka berbangsa-bangsa dan bersuku-suku agar mereka saling kenal-mengenal sehingga mereka bisa saling tolong-menolong, bantu-membantu dan saling mewarisi serta memenuhi hak kerabat. Meskipun demikian, orang yang paling mulia di antara mereka adalah orang yang paling takwa, yakni mereka yang paling banyak ketaatannya kepada Allah dan meninggalkan maksiat, bukan yang paling banyak kerabat dan kaumnya dan bukan yang paling mulia nasabnya.
Oleh karena itu, janganlah saling berbangga karena tingginya nasab, bahkan yang dapat dibanggakan adalah ketakwaan.
Dia mengetahui siapa di antara mereka yang melaksanakan ketakwaan kepada Allah baik zahir maupun batin dengan orang yang hanya di zahir (luar) saja bertakwa kepada Allah, sehingga Dia membalas masing-masingnya dengan balasan yang pantas.
