يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَإٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا أَنْ تُصِيبُوا قَوْمًا بِجَهَالَةٍ فَتُصْبِحُوا عَلَىٰ مَا فَعَلْتُمْ نَادِمِينَ
O you who have believed, if there comes to you a disobedient one with information, investigate, lest you harm a people out of ignorance and become, over what you have done, regretful.
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(O ye who believe! If an evil-liver bring you tidings, verify it…) [49:6-8]. These verse were revealed aboutal-Walid ibn ‘Uqbah ibn Abi Mu‘ayt. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, sent him tocollect the poor-due from Banu’l-Mustaliq. However, there was an old enmity between him and them in thepre-Islamic period. When these people heard of his coming, they came out to receive him out of reverencefor Allah, exalted is He, and His Messenger. But he was scared of them and the devil whispered to him thatthey wanted to kill him. He returned halfway and went to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and givehim peace, saying: “Banu’l-Mustaliq have refused to pay the poor-due and wanted to kill me”. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, became angry and was about to attack them.Meanwhile, when Banu’l-Mustaliq realised that the emissary had gone back, they went to the Messenger ofAllah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: “We heard of your emissary and we went out to receivehim, honour him and give him that which was due upon us of the right of Allah, exalted is He. But youremissary went back and we feared that what sent him back might be a message he received from youbecause you are angry with us. And we seek refuge in Allah from His wrath and from the wrath of HisMessenger”. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (O ye who believe! If an evil-liver) i.e. al-Walid ibn ‘Uqbah(bring you tidings, verify it…). Al-Hakim Abu ‘Abd Allah al-Shadhyakhi informed us> Muhammad ibn ‘AbdAllah ibn Zakariyya al-Shaybani> Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Daghuli> Sa‘id ibn Mas‘ud> Muhammadibn Sabiq> ‘Isa ibn Dinar> his father> al-Harith ibn Dirar who said: “I went to see the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, and he invited me to embrace Islam. I embraced Islam and believed. Heenjoined me to pay the poor-due and I agreed. I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, I will go to my people andinvite them to embrace Islam and pay the poor-due. I will collect the poor-due from whoever accepts myinvitation and at such-and-such a time you send for me so that I bring you the poor-due I collect’ ”. Whenal-Harith ibn Dirar collected the poor-due from those who accepted to embrace Islam and it was the agreedtime for sending it to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, the emissary failed toshow. Al-Harith thought that Allah and His Messenger were angry with him. He gathered the leaders of hispeople and said to them: “The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, has set a specifictime for me to send an emissary to collect the poor-due that I have with me. The Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, does not go back on his word. I think that the emissary has failed to show upbecause of anger. Let us go to see the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace”. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, had sent al-Walid ibn ‘Uqbah to al-Harith to fetchthe poor-due that the latter had collected. After travelling a while, al-Walid got scared and returned back. Hesaid: “O Messenger of Allah, al-Harith refused to hand the poor-due over to me and wanted to kill me”. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, sent a dispatch to al-Harith and met al-Harith andhis companions who were coming to see the Prophet close to Medina. Al-Harith met them there and theyrecognized him. He asked them: “To whom have you been sent?” They said: “To you”. “Why?” he asked.They said: “The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, sent you al-Walid ibn ‘Uqbah but hecame back claiming that you refused to give him the poor-due and that you wanted to kill him”. He said:“No, by Him Who has sent Muhammad with the truth; I did not see him nor did he come to me”. When al-Harith entered in on the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, he said to him: “Youwithheld the poor-due and wanted to kill my emissary!” Al-Harith said: “No, by Him Who has sentMuhammad with the truth; I did not see your emissary nor did he come to me. I only came when youremissary failed to show up and I feared that Allah and His Messenger might be angry with us”. Then theseverses of al-Hujurat were revealed (O ye who believe! If an evil-liver bring you tidings, verify it, lest ye smitesome folk in ignorance and afterward repent of what ye did) up to His words ((It is) a bounty and a gracefrom Allah; and Allah is Knower, Wise) [49:8].
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِن جَاءكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَأٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا أَن تُصِيبُوا قَوْمًا بِجَهَالَةٍ فَتُصْبِحُوا عَلَى مَا فَعَلْتُمْ نَادِمِينَ
(6. O you who believe! If a rebellious evil person comes to you with a news, verify it, lest you harm people in ignorance, and afterwards you become regretful to what you have done.)
Allah the Exalted ordered investigating the news that sinners and the wicked bring, to make sure of its authenticity. Otherwise, if the sinner's word is taken for granted and a decision is based on it, regardless of whether the information is true or not, the authorities will be taking the lead of the sinners. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored forbade taking the path of the corrupted and sinners. This is why groups of the scholars of Hadith refuse to accept narrations from narrators whose reliability is unknown, for they might be from among the wicked people, in reality.
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Ayat ini juga sama menerangkan adab yang harus diperhatikan oleh orang-orang yang berakal, yaitu apabila ada orang fasik yang memberitahukan kepada mereka suatu berita, maka hendaknya mereka menelitinya dan tidak langsung menerima beritanya, karena jika demikian terdapat bahaya yang besar dan terjatuh ke dalam dosa. Hal itu karena jika berita orang fasik menempati posisi berita orang yang yang benar lagi adil sehingga dibenarkan dan dilanjutkan konsekwensinya tentu akan menimbulkan bahaya, seperti binasanya jiwa dan harta tanpa alasan yang benar sehingga membuat seseorang menyesal. Oleh karena itu, yang wajib dalam menerima berita orang fasik adalah tatsabbut (meneliti), jika ada dalil dan qarinah (tanda) yang menunjukkan kebenarannya, maka diberlakukan dan dibenarkan. Tetapi jika dalil dan qarinah menunjukkan kedustaannya, maka didustakan dan tidak diberlakukan. Dalam ayat ini terdapat dalil bahwa berita orang yang jujur adalah diterima dan bahwa berita orang yang berdusta adalah ditolak, sedangkan berita orang fasik, maka tergantung dalil dan qarinah. Oleh karena itulah, kaum salaf sampai menerima banyak riwayat dari orang-orang Khawarij yang terkenal kejujurannya meskipun fasik, demikianlah yang diterangkan oleh Syaikh As Saâdiy.
