فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةً ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
[It is] as bounty from Allah and favor. And Allah is Knowing and Wise.
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(O ye who believe! If an evil-liver bring you tidings, verify it…) [49:6-8]. These verse were revealed aboutal-Walid ibn ‘Uqbah ibn Abi Mu‘ayt. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, sent him tocollect the poor-due from Banu’l-Mustaliq. However, there was an old enmity between him and them in thepre-Islamic period. When these people heard of his coming, they came out to receive him out of reverencefor Allah, exalted is He, and His Messenger. But he was scared of them and the devil whispered to him thatthey wanted to kill him. He returned halfway and went to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and givehim peace, saying: “Banu’l-Mustaliq have refused to pay the poor-due and wanted to kill me”. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, became angry and was about to attack them.Meanwhile, when Banu’l-Mustaliq realised that the emissary had gone back, they went to the Messenger ofAllah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: “We heard of your emissary and we went out to receivehim, honour him and give him that which was due upon us of the right of Allah, exalted is He. But youremissary went back and we feared that what sent him back might be a message he received from youbecause you are angry with us. And we seek refuge in Allah from His wrath and from the wrath of HisMessenger”. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (O ye who believe! If an evil-liver) i.e. al-Walid ibn ‘Uqbah(bring you tidings, verify it…). Al-Hakim Abu ‘Abd Allah al-Shadhyakhi informed us> Muhammad ibn ‘AbdAllah ibn Zakariyya al-Shaybani> Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Daghuli> Sa‘id ibn Mas‘ud> Muhammadibn Sabiq> ‘Isa ibn Dinar> his father> al-Harith ibn Dirar who said: “I went to see the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, and he invited me to embrace Islam. I embraced Islam and believed. Heenjoined me to pay the poor-due and I agreed. I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, I will go to my people andinvite them to embrace Islam and pay the poor-due. I will collect the poor-due from whoever accepts myinvitation and at such-and-such a time you send for me so that I bring you the poor-due I collect’ ”. Whenal-Harith ibn Dirar collected the poor-due from those who accepted to embrace Islam and it was the agreedtime for sending it to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, the emissary failed toshow. Al-Harith thought that Allah and His Messenger were angry with him. He gathered the leaders of hispeople and said to them: “The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, has set a specifictime for me to send an emissary to collect the poor-due that I have with me. The Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, does not go back on his word. I think that the emissary has failed to show upbecause of anger. Let us go to see the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace”. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, had sent al-Walid ibn ‘Uqbah to al-Harith to fetchthe poor-due that the latter had collected. After travelling a while, al-Walid got scared and returned back. Hesaid: “O Messenger of Allah, al-Harith refused to hand the poor-due over to me and wanted to kill me”. TheMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, sent a dispatch to al-Harith and met al-Harith andhis companions who were coming to see the Prophet close to Medina. Al-Harith met them there and theyrecognized him. He asked them: “To whom have you been sent?” They said: “To you”. “Why?” he asked.They said: “The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, sent you al-Walid ibn ‘Uqbah but hecame back claiming that you refused to give him the poor-due and that you wanted to kill him”. He said:“No, by Him Who has sent Muhammad with the truth; I did not see him nor did he come to me”. When al-Harith entered in on the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, he said to him: “Youwithheld the poor-due and wanted to kill my emissary!” Al-Harith said: “No, by Him Who has sentMuhammad with the truth; I did not see your emissary nor did he come to me. I only came when youremissary failed to show up and I feared that Allah and His Messenger might be angry with us”. Then theseverses of al-Hujurat were revealed (O ye who believe! If an evil-liver bring you tidings, verify it, lest ye smitesome folk in ignorance and afterward repent of what ye did) up to His words ((It is) a bounty and a gracefrom Allah; and Allah is Knower, Wise) [49:8].
وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ فِيكُمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ يُطِيعُكُمْ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِّنَ الْأَمْرِ لَعَنِتُّمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ حَبَّبَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْإِيمَانَ وَزَيَّنَهُ فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ وَكَرَّهَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوقَ وَالْعِصْيَانَ أُوْلَئِكَ هُمُ الرَّاشِدُونَ - فَضْلًا مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةً وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
(7. And know that, among you there is the Messenger of Allah (SAW). If he were to obey you (i.e. follow your opinions and desires) in much of the matter, you would surely be in trouble, but Allah has endeared the Faith to you and has beautified it in your hearts, and has made disbelief, wickedness and disobedience (to Allah and His Messenger SAW) hateful to you. These! They are the rightly guided ones,)
(8. (This is) a Grace from Allah and His Favour. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.)
Allah said,
وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
(And know that among you there is the Messenger of Allah.) `know that among you is the Messenger of Allah . Therefore, honor and respect him, be polite with him and obey his orders. For he is more knowledgeable about what benefits you and is more concerned with you than you yourselves are. His opinions in such matters are more complete than your own.' Allah the Exalted and Most Blessed said in another Ayah,
النَّبِىُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ
(The Prophet is closer to the believers than themselves) (33:6). Then He clarifies that they fall short in overseeing their own benefit;
لَوْ يُطِيعُكُمْ فِى كَثِيرٍ مِّنَ الاٌّمْرِ لَعَنِتُّمْ
(If he were to obey you in much of the matter, you would surely be in trouble.) `if he obeys all of your opinions and desires, you will earn trouble and hardship.' Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
وَلَوِ اتَّبَعَ الْحَقُّ أَهْوَآءَهُمْ لَفَسَدَتِ السَّمَـوَتُ وَالاٌّرْضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّ بَلْ أَتَيْنَـهُمْ بِذِكْرِهِمْ فَهُمْ عَن ذِكْرِهِمْ مُّعْرِضُونَ
(And if the truth had been in accordance with their desires, verily, the heavens and the earth, and whosoever is therein would have been corrupted! Nay, We have brought them their reminder, but they turn away from their reminder.) (23:71) Allah's statement,
وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ حَبَّبَ إِلَيْكُمُ الايمَـنَ وَزَيَّنَهُ فِى قُلُوبِكُمْ
(But Allah has endeared the faith to you and has beautified it in your hearts,) `made faith dear to your souls and beautified it in your hearts.' Allah said,
وَكَرَّهَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوقَ وَالْعِصْيَانَ
(and has made disbelief, Fusuq and `Isyan hateful to you.) `He has made disbelief, sins, whether major or minor, and `Isyan -- all types of sins, hateful to you.' This statement transfers us from one level to a better level, to perfect Allah's bounty. Allah's statement next,
أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الرَشِدُونَ
(Such are they who are the rightly guided.) those who have these qualities are the rightly guided ones whom Allah has granted guidance and correctness. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Rifa`ah Az-Zuraqi said that his father said, "During the battle of Uhud, when the idolators retreated, the Messenger of Allah said,
«اسْتَوُوا حَتْى أُثْنِيَ عَلَى رَبِّي عَزَّ وَجَل»
(Stay in straight lines so that I praise my Lord, the Exalted and Most Honored.) They stood behind him in lines and he said,
«اللْهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ كُلُّهُ، اللْهُمَّ لَا قَابِضَ لِمَا بَسَطْتَ وَلَا بَاسِطَ لِمَا قَبَضْتَ، وَلَا هَادِيَ لِمَنْ أَضْلَلْتَ، وَلَا مُضِلَّ لِمَنْ هَدَيْتَ، وَلَا مُعْطِيَ لِمَا مَنَعْتَ وَلَا مَانِعَ لِمَا أَعْطَيْتَ، وَلَا مُقَرِّبَ لِمَا بَاعَدْتَ، وَلَا مُبَاعِدَ لِمَا قَرَّبْتَ. اللْهُمَّ ابْسُطْ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ بَرَكَاتِكَ وَرَحْمَتِكَ وَفَضْلِكَ وَرِزْقِكَ، اللْهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ النَّعِيمَ الْمُقِيمَ الَّذِي لَا يَحُولُ وَلَا يَزُولُ. اللْهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ النَّعِيمَ يَوْمَ الْعَيْلَةِ وَالْأَمْنَ يَوْمَ الْخَوْفِ. اللْهُمَّ إِنِّي عَائِذٌ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَعْطَيْتَنَا وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا مَنَعْتَنَا. اللْهُمَّ حَبِّبْ إِلَيْنَا الْإيمَانَ وَزَيِّنْهُ فِي قُلُوبِنَا وَكَرِّهْ إِلَيْنَا الْكُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوقَ وَالْعِصْيَانَ وَاجْعَلْنَا مِنَ الرَّاشِدِينَ. اللْهُمَّ تَوَفَّنَا مُسْلِمِينَ وَأَحْيِنَا مُسْلِمِينَ وَأَلْحِقْنَا بِالصَّالِحِينَ غَيْرَ خَزَايَا وَلَا مَفْتُونِينَ، اللْهُمَّ قَاتِلِ الْكَفَرَةَ الَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ رُسُلَكَ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِكَ وَاجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِمْ رِجْزَكَ وَعَذَابَكَ، اللْهُمَّ قَاتِلِ الْكَفَرَةَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إِلهَ الْحَق»
(O Allah! Your is the praise. O Allah! There is none who can withhold what You send, or send what You withhold, or guide whom You send astray, or misguide whomever You guide, or give what You deprive, or deprive whom You give, or draw closer whom You cast or cast whom You draw closer. O Allah! Bestow on us from Your blessings, mercy, grace and provisions. O Allah! I ask You for the eternal delight that never ends or fades away. O Allah! I ask You for provisions on the Day of deprivation and safety on the Day of fear. O Allah! I seek refuge with You from the evil repercussions of what You have given us and from the evil of what You have deprived us of. O Allah! Make faith dear to us and beatify it in our hearts and make disbelief, Fusuq and `Isyan hateful to us, and make us among the rightly guided. O Allah! Allow us to die as Muslims, live as Muslims and join us with the ranks of the righteous ones, without tasting humiliation or turmoil. O Allah! Fight the disbelievers who deny Your Messengers and hinder others from Your path; send on them Your torment and punishment. O Allah! Fight the disbelievers who were given the Scriptures, the True God.)'' An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith in `Amal Al-Yawm wal-Laylah. Allah said,
فَضْلاً مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةً
((This is) a grace from Allah and His favor.) meaning, this favor that He has bestowed on you is a favor and a bounty from Him to you,
وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
(And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) All-Knower in those who deserve guidance and those who deserve misguidance, All-Wise in His statements, actions, legislation and the destiny He appoints.
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