وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا ۖ فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَىٰ فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّىٰ تَفِيءَ إِلَىٰ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ۚ فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ
And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of Allah. And if it returns, then make settlement between them in justice and act justly. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.
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(And if two parties of believers fall to fighting, then make peace between them…) [49:9]. Muhammad ibnAhmad ibn Ja‘far al-Nahwi informed us> Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Sinan al-Muqri’> Ahmad ibn ‘Ali al-Mawsili> Ishaq ibn Abi Isra’il> Mu‘tamir ibn Sulayman> his father> Anas who related: “I said: ‘O Prophet ofAllah, why do you not visit ‘Abd Allah ibn Ubayy?’ The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, decidedto go and visit him. He mounted an ass and the Muslims walked with him. It happened that the ground wasfull of manure. So when the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, reached ‘Abd Allah ibn Ubayy, thelatter said: ‘Keep away from me, the staunch of your ass is offending me’. A man from the Helpers said tohim: ‘By Allah, the ass of the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, smells better thanyou’. One of the men of ‘Abd Allah ibn Ubayy got angry; then the men of both parties became angrybecause of what was said. They exchanged blows and hurled leafless palm leaves and sandals at eachothers. We heard that it is about them that (And if two parties of believers fall to fighting…) was revealed”.This was narrated by Bukhari from Musaddid and by Muslim from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-A‘la; bothMusaddid and Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-A‘la related it from al-Mu‘tamir.
وَإِن طَآئِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُواْ فَأَصْلِحُواْ بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِن بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأُخْرَى فَقَـتِلُواْ الَّتِى تَبْغِى حَتَّى تَفِىءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ فَإِن فَآءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُواْ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُواْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ - إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ فَأَصْلِحُواْ بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ
(9. And if two parties among the believers fall to fighting, then make peace between them both. But if one of them outrages against the other, then fight you (all) against the one that which outrages till it complies with the command of Allah. Then if it complies, then make reconciliation between them justly, and be equitable. Verily, Allah loves those who are the equitable.)
(10. The believers are but a brotherhood. So make reconciliation between your brothers, and have Taqwa of Allah that you may receive mercy.)
Allah commands making peace between Muslims that fight each other,
وَإِن طَآئِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُواْ فَأَصْلِحُواْ بَيْنَهُمَا
(And if two parties among the believers fall to fighting, then make peace between them both.) Therefore, Allah calls both opposing groups among Muslims, believers, although they are fighting each other. Al-Bukhari and other scholars relied on this Hadith as evidence that committing a sin does not nullify faith, no matter how major the sin is. This creed contradicts the creed of the Khawarij sect and those who accepted their idea, such as the Mu`tazilah sect. Al-Bukhari narrated that Al-Hasan said that Abu Bakrah said that the Messenger of Allah gave a speech on the Minbar while Al-Hasan bin `Ali was with him. He was repeatedly looking at Al-Hasan and then at the people; then said,
«إِنَّ ابْنِي هذَا سَيِّدٌ وَلَعَلَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى أَنْ يُصْلِحَ بِهِ بَيْنَ فِئَتَيْنِ عَظِيمَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِين»
(Verily, this son of mine is a Sayyid (chief or master), and may Allah make peace between two great groups of Muslims through him.) What the Prophet said, occurred. Al-Hasan brought peace between the people of Ash-Sham and `Iraq, after they fought tremendous wars and frightening battles. Allah's statement,
فَإِن بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأُخْرَى فَقَـتِلُواْ الَّتِى تَبْغِى حَتَّى تَفِىءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ
(But if one of them outrages against the other, then fight you (all) against the one that which outrages till it complies with the command of Allah.) means, until the rebellious group refers to the commands of Allah and His Messenger for judgement and they listen to and obey the truth. There is a Hadith in the Sahih in which Anas states that the Messenger of Allah said,
«انْصُرْ أَخَاكَ ظَالِمًا أَوْ مَظْلُومًا»
(Help your brother, whether he is an oppressor or he is oppressed.) "I asked, `O Allah's Messenger! It is right that I help him if he is oppressed, but how should I help him if he is an oppressor' He said,
«تَمْنَعُهُ مِنَ الظُّلْمِ فَذَاكَ نَصْرُكَ إِيَّاه»
(By preventing him from oppressing others; this is how you help him in this case.)'' Sa`id bin Jubayr said that tribes of Aws and Khazraj once got in a scuffle using date tree branches and slippers. Allah revealed this honorable Ayah commanding them to make peace between them. As-Suddi said, "A man from Al-Ansar, whose name was `Imran, had a wife called Umm Zayd. She wanted to visit her family, but her husband prevented her from visiting them by locking her in an upper room. So, none of her family could visit or see her. She sent someone to her family. They came, took her down from the room and wanted to take her away. Her husband was absent at the time, so his family called on their people. Their cousins came to help prevent the wife from going with her family. A push and shove situation occurred that led to them fighting using slippers. This Ayah was then revealed in their case, and the Messenger of Allah sent someone to bring peace between them, and they both agreed to resort to the decision of Allah the Exalted.'' The statement of Allah the Exalted, next,
فَإِن فَآءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُواْ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُواْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ
(Then if it complies, then make reconciliation between them justly, and be equitable. Verily, Allah loves those who are the equitable.) means, be fair in your judgement regarding the dispute that occurred between them,
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ
(Verily, Allah loves those who are the equitable.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded, that `Abdullah bin `Amr said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«إِنَّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ فِي الدُّنْيَا عَلَى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ لُؤْلُؤٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الرَّحْمنِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِمَا أَقْسَطُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا»
(Verily, those who are equitable in this life, will be on podiums made of pearls before Ar-Rahman, the Exalted and Most Honored, on account of their fairness in this life.) An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith. Allah's statement,
إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ
(The believers are but a brotherhood.) means, all of them are brothers in Islam. The Messenger of Allah said,
«الْمُسْلِمُ أَخُو الْمُسْلِمِ لَا يَظْلِمُهُ وَلَا يُسْلِمُه»
(The Muslim is the brother of the Muslim, he is not unjust with him nor does he forsake him.) In the Sahih,
«وَاللهُ فِي عَوْنِ الْعَبْدِ مَا كَانَ الْعَبْدُ فِي عَوْنِ أَخِيه»
(Allah helps the servant as long as the servant helps his brother.) Also in the Sahih:
«إِذَا دَعَا الْمُسْلِمُ لِأَخِيهِ بِظَهْرِ الْغَيْبِ قَالَ الْمَلَكُ: آمِينَ وَلَكَ بِمِثْلِه»
(If the Muslim invokes Allah for the benefit of his absent brother, the angel says afterwards, "Amin, and for you the same.'') There are many Hadiths with this meaning, such as, in the Sahih,
«مَثَلُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي تَوَادِّهِمْ وَتَرَاحُمِهِمْ وَتَوَاصُلِهِمْ كَمَثَلِ الْجَسَدِ الْوَاحِدِ، إِذَا اشْتَكَى مِنْهُ عُضْوٌ تَدَاعَى لَهُ سَائِرُ الْجَسَدِ بِالْحُمَّى وَالسَّهَر»
(The parable of the believers in relation to the kindness, mercy and compassion they have for each other, is that of the body: when an organ of it falls ill, the rest of the body responds with fever and sleeplessness.) And also in Sahih.
«الْمُؤْمِنُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ كَالْبُنْيَانِ يَشُدُّ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا»
(A believer to another believer is like a building whose different parts enforce each other.) The Prophet then clasped his hands with the fingers interlaced. Allah's statement,
فَأَصْلِحُواْ بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ
(So make reconciliation between your brothers, ) refers to the two groups that fight each other,
وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ
(and have Taqwa of Allah) in all of your affairs,
لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ
(that you may receive mercy.) and this is a promise from Allah that He will grant mercy to those who fear and obey Him.
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Imam Bukhari meriwayatkan dengan sanadnya dari Anas radhiyallahu 'anhu ia berkata, âDikatakan kepada Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, âSekiranya engkau mendatangi Abdullah bin Ubay.â Maka Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam pergi mendatanginya dan menaiki keledai, dan kaum muslimin ikut pergi berjalan bersama Beliau. Ketika itu, tanah yang dilewati adalah tanah yang tidak menumbuhkan tanaman. Saat Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam mendatanginya, maka Abdullah bin Ubay berkata, âMenjauhlah dariku. Demi Allah, bau keledaimu telah menggangguku.â Lalu salah seorang Anshar di antara mereka berkata, âDemi Allah, keledai Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam lebih wangi baunya daripada kamu.â Maka salah seorang dari kaum Abdullah (bin Ubay) ada yang marah untuknya dan memakinya, sehingga masing-masing kawannya saling marah. Ketika itu, antara keduanya saling pukul-memukul dengan pelepah kurma, sandal, dan tangan. Lalu disampaikan kepada kami, bahwa telah turun ayat, âDan kalau ada dua golongan dari mereka yang beriman itu berperang hendaklah kamu damaikan antara keduanya!â (Terj. Al Hujurat: 9)
Ayat ini mengandung larangan berbuat zalim antara sesama kaum mukmin dan larangan bagi mereka untuk saling berperang, dan bahwa jika di antara dua golongan mukmin saling berperang, maka kaum mukmin yang lain harus memadamkan keburukan besar ini dengan mendamaikan mereka dan bersikap tengah-tengah secara sempurna sehingga terwujud perdamaian, dan hendaknya mereka menempuh jalan yang mengarah kepadanya. Jika kedua golongan itu berdamai, maka sangat baik sekali, tetapi jika salah satu dari keduanya berbuat zalim terhadap (golongan) yang lain, maka perangilah (golongan) yang berbuat zalim itu sehingga golongan itu, kembali kepada perintah Allah, yaitu kembali kepada ketetapan Allah dan Rasul-Nya berupa mengerjakan kebaikan dan meninggalkan keburukan yang di antaranya adalah berperang.
Ayat ini terdapat perintah untuk berdamai dan perintah berlaku adil dalam shulh (perdamaian), karena terkadang shulh ada namun tidak adil, bahkan dengan berlaku zalim atau memihak kepada salah satu di antara kedua golongan. Jika demikian, maka bukanlah shulh yang diperintahkan, ia wajib tidak memihak hanya karena hubungan kekerabatan, sesuku atau karena maksud dan tujuan tertentu yang membuatnya menyimpang dari keadilan.
Yaitu mereka yang adil dalam memberikan keputusan di antara manusia dan dalam memimpin, bahkan termasuk pula adilnya seorang suami kepada istri dan anaknya dalam memenuhi hak mereka. Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda:
