وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْآنَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِنْ مُدَّكِرٍ
And We have certainly made the Qur'an easy for remembrance, so is there any who will remember?
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(Lo! the guilty are in error and madness… Lo! We have created every thing by measure) [54:47-49]. Abu’l-Qasim ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Sarraj informed us (by dictation)> Abu Muhammad ‘Abd Allah ibnMuhammad ibn Musa al-Ka‘bi> Hamdan ibn Salih al-Ashajj> ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Abi Rawwad>Sufyan al-Thawri> Ziyad ibn Isma‘il al-Makhzumi> Muhammad ibn ‘Abbad ibn Ja‘far> Abu Hurayrah whosaid: “The Quraysh came to dispute the question of Destiny. Allah, exalted is He, therefore revealed (Lo! theguilty are in error and madness… Lo! We have created every thing by measure)”. This was narrated byMuslim from Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah> Waki‘> Sufyan. By Allah, I bear witness that Abu’l-HarithMuhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahim al-Hafiz informed us in Jurjan; he said: “By Allah, I bear witness that AbuNu‘aym Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Bazzaz informed us; he said: ‘By Allah, I bear witness that Iheard ‘Ali ibn Jandal saying: ‘By Allah, I bear witness that I heard Abu’l-Hasan Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibnUbayy in Khurasan say: ‘By Allah, I bear witness that I heard ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Saqr al-Hafiz say: ‘By Allah, Ibear witness that I heard ‘Ufayr ibn Ma‘dan say: ‘by Allah, I bear witness that I heard Salim ibn ‘Amir say:‘By Allah, I bear witness that I heard Abu Umamah al-Bahili say: ‘By Allah, I bear witness that I heard theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, say: ‘This verse was revealed about the deniers ofDestiny (al-Qadariyyah): (Lo! the guilty are in error and madness… Lo! We have created every thing bymeasure). Abu Bakr ibn al-Harith related to us> ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Asfahani> Jarir ibn Harun> ‘Alial-Tanafisi> ‘Ubayd Allah ibn Musa> Bahr al-Saqa’> A Shaykh from Quraysh> ‘Ata’ who said: “The bishop ofNajran came to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: ‘O Muhammad, youclaim that sins are created by measure and that the seas and heaven are also created by measure. If it istrue that the seas and heaven are created by measure, sins nevertheless cannot be’. The Messenger ofAllah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: ‘You are Allah’s adversaries!’ And then Allah, exalted is He,revealed (Lo! the guilty are in error and madness) up to His words (Lo! We have created every thing bymeasure)”. Abu Bakr informed us> ‘Abd Allah> ‘Amr ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Hasan> Ahmad ibn al-Khalil> ‘AbdAllah ibn Raja’ al-Azdi> ‘Amr ibn ‘Ala’, the brother of Abu ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ala’> Khalid ibn Salamah al-Qurashi>Sa‘id ibn ‘Amr ibn Ja‘dah al-Makhzumi> Ibn Abi Zurarah al-Ansari> his father who related that theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, read this verse (Lo! the guilty are in error andmadness) and then said: “This verse was revealed about some future people from amongst this communitywho will deny the Destiny of Allah, exalted is He”. Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us> Muhammad ibnYa‘qub al-Ma‘qili> Abu ‘Utbah Ahmad ibn al-Faraj> Baqiyyah> Ibn Thawban> Bakir ibn Usayd> his fatherwho said: “I was with Muhammad ibn Ka‘b when he said: ‘If you ever see me talk about Destiny, then tieme up for I am then a madman. By Him in Whose Hand is my soul, these verses have not been revealedexcept about madmen’. Then he recited (Lo! the guilty are in error and madness… Lo! We have createdevery thing by measure)”.
فَقَالُواْ أَبَشَراً مِّنَّا وَحِداً نَّتَّبِعُهُ إِنَّآ إِذاً لَّفِى ضَلَـلٍ وَسُعُرٍ
i(23. Thamud denied the warnings.)
(24. And they said: "A man, alone among us -- shall we follow him Truly, then we should be in error and distress!'')
(25. "Is it that the Reminder is sent to him alone from among us Nay, he is an insolent liar!'')
(26. Tomorrow they will come to know who is the liar, the insolent one!)
(27. Verily, We are sending the she-camel as a test for them. So watch them, and be patient!)
(28. And inform them that the water is to be shared between (her and) them, each one's right to drink being established (by turns).)
(29. But they called their comrade and he took (a sword) and killed (her).)
(30. Then, how was My torment and My warnings)
(31. Verily, We sent against them a single Sayhah, and they became like straw Al-Muhtazir.)
(32. And indeed, We have made the Qur'an easy to understand and remember; then is there any that will remember)
Allah states here that the people of Thamud denied their Messenger Salih,
(And they said: "A man, alone among us -- shall we follow him Truly, then we should be in error and distress!'') They said,
We would have earned failure and loss if we all submitted to a man from among us.' They were amazed that the Reminder was sent to him alone among them, and therefore, accused him of being a liar,
بَلْ هُوَ كَذَّابٌ أَشِرٌ
(Nay, he is an insolent liar!), means, he has tresspassed the limits in his lies. Allah the Exalted responded,
سَيَعْلَمُونَ غَداً مَّنِ الْكَذَّابُ الاٌّشِرُ
(Tomorrow they will come to know who is the liar, the insolent one!), thus warning and threatening them and delivering a sure promise to them,
إِنَّا مُرْسِلُواْ النَّاقَةِ فِتْنَةً لَّهُمْ
(Verily, We are sending the she-camel as a test for them.) To test and try the people of Thamud, Allah sent to them a superb, pregnant female camel that emerged from solid rock, according to their request, so that it would become a proof against them from Allah, the Exalted. Thereafter, they were supposed to believe in what was brought to them by Salih, peace be upon him. Allah ordered His servant and Messenger Salih,
فَارْتَقِبْهُمْ وَاصْطَبِرْ
(So watch them, and be patient!) Allah commanded, `await, O Salih, and see what will become of them and be patient; verily the better end will be yours and you will have success in this life and the Hereafter,'
وَنَبِّئْهُمْ أَنَّ الْمَآءَ قِسْمَةٌ بَيْنَهُمْ
(And inform them that the water is to be shared between them) one day for her to drink and one day for them to drink,
قَالَ هَـذِهِ نَاقَةٌ لَّهَا شِرْبٌ وَلَكُمْ شِرْبُ يَوْمٍ مَّعْلُومٍ
(He said: "Here is a she-camel: it has a right to drink, and you have a right to drink (water) on a day, known.'') (26:155) Allah's statement,
كُلُّ شِرْبٍ مُّحْتَضَرٌ
(each one's right to drink being established.) Mujahid said, "When she did not drink, they would drink the water, and when she drank, they would drink her milk.'' Allah the Exalted said;
فَنَادَوْاْ صَـحِبَهُمْ فَتَعَاطَى فَعَقَرَ
(But they called their comrade and he took and killed.) According to the Scholars of Tafsir, his name was Qudar bin Salif; he was the evilest among them,
إِذِ انبَعَثَ أَشْقَـهَا
(When the most wicked man among them went forth (to kill the she-camel).)(91:12) Allah said here,
(and he took) meaning to harm,
فَعَقَرَفَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِى وَنُذُرِ
(and killed (her). Then, how was My torment and My warnings), `I tormented them, so how was the torment I sent on them because of their disbe- lief in Me and denying My Messenger'
إِنَّآ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ صَيْحَةً وَحِدَةً فَكَانُواْ كَهَشِيمِ الْمُحْتَظِرِ
(Verily, We sent against them a single Sayhah, and they became like straw Al-Muhtazir.) They all perished and none of them remained. They were no more, they died out, just as plants and grass dry and die out. As-Suddi said that they became like the dry grass in the desert when it becomes burned and the wind scatters it all about. Ibn Zayd said, "The Arabs used to erect fences (Hizar, from which the word, Al-Muhtazir, is derived) made of dried bushes, around their camels and cattle, so Allah said,
كَهَشِيمِ الْمُحْتَظِرِ
(like straw Al-Muhtazir.)
untuk dapat menambahkan tafsir
