يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا لَقِيتُمْ فِئَةً فَاثْبُتُوا وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
O you who have believed, when you encounter a company [from the enemy forces], stand firm and remember Allah much that you may be successful.
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(It is not for any prophet to have captives until he hath made slaughter in the land…) [8:67-69]. SaidMujahid: “It happened that some of that which was revealed from heaven agreed with many of 'Umar'sopinions. When the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, consulted the Muslims aboutthe prisoners of Badr, they said: 'O Messenger of Allah, they are your cousins, so free them in exchange fora ransom'. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said: 'No, O Messenger of Allah, you should kill them'. Then this verse wasrevealed (It is not for any prophet to have captives until he hath made slaughter in the land)”. Said Ibn'Umar: “The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, consulted Abu Bakr regarding theprisoners of Badr, and the latter said: 'They are your people and clan, let them go!' But when he consulted'Umar, the latter said: 'Kill them'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, freed them inexchange for a ransom. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (It is not for any prophet to have captives untilhe hath made slaughter in the land) up to his words (Now enjoy what ye have won, as lawful and good…)[8:69]. When the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, met 'Umar, he said to him: 'We almostincurred a misfortune as a result of opposing your view!' ” Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Hiri informedus> Hajib ibn Ahmad> Muhammad ibn Hammad> Abu Mu'awiyah> al-A'mash> 'Amr ibn Murrah> Abu'Ubaydah> 'Abd Allah who said: “When the prisoners were brought on the Day of Badr, the Messenger ofAllah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: 'What do you think we should do with these prisoners?' AbuBakr said: 'O Messenger of Allah, these are your people and kin, spare them and wait that haply Allah,glorious and majestic is He, may relent on them'. 'Umar, on the other hand said: 'They have given you thelie and expelled you, bring them forward and chop their heads off'. 'Abd Allah ibn Rawahah said: 'Look for avalley with abundant wood and burn them there', upon which al-'Abbas commented: 'You have severed yourties of kinship!' The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, did not answer them and thenwent in. Some people said: 'He will act on Abu Bakr's advice', others said: 'He will act on 'Umar's advice',while some said: 'He will act on 'Abd Allah's advice'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give himpeace, then came out to them and said: 'Indeed, Allah, glorious and majestic is He, softens the hearts ofsome until they become softer than milk and hardens the hearts of some until they become harder thanstones. The like of you, O Abu Bakr, is the like of Abraham when he said (But whoso followeth me, he verilyis of me. And whoso disobeyeth me - still Thou art Forgiving, Merciful) [14:36] and the like of you, O AbuBakr, is the like of Jesus when he said (If Thou punish them, lo! They are Thy slaves, and if Thou forgivethem, lo! Thou, only Thou art the Mighty, the Wise) [8:118]. And the like of you, O 'Umar, is the like ofMoses who said (Our Lord! Destroy their riches and harden their hearts…)' [10:88]; and the like of you, O'Umar, is the like of Noah who said: (My Lord! Leave not one of the disbelievers in the land) [71:26]. Then,the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: 'Today, you are dependent, you are todaydependent; none of them shall be returned except in exchange for a ransom or he will be beheaded'. Allah,glorious and majestic is He, then revealed (It is not for any prophet to have captives until he hath madeslaughter in the land) up to his words (Now enjoy what ye have won, as lawful and good) up to the end ofthe next three verses”. 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Hamdan al-'Adl informed us> Ahmad ibn Ja'far ibn Malik> 'AbdAllah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal> Ahmad ibn Hanbal> Abu Nuh Qurrad> 'Ikrimah ibn 'Ammar> Simak al-HanafiAbu Zumayl> Ibn 'Abbas> 'Umar ibn al-Khattab who said: “When the army of the believers met the army ofthe unbelievers at Badr and the idolaters were defeated (seventy men of them were killed and anotherseventy captured), the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, consulted Abu Bakr, 'Umarand 'Ali about what to do with the prisoners. Abu Bakr said: 'O Prophet of Allah, these are our brothers,cousins and sons of our clan and my opinion is that you accept a ransom from them, so that what we takefrom them will be an added strength for us against the unbelievers. And haply Allah will guide them to Islamand be a support to us'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, then asked: 'What doyou think, O son of al-Khattab?' He said: 'By Allah, I do not agree with Abu Bakr. My opinion is that you giveme so-and-so (a relative of 'Umar) so that I behead him, and give 'Aqil to 'Ali so that he behead him and soand-so (al-'Abbas ) to Hamzah so that he beheads him. In this way, Allah, glorious and majestic is He, willknow that there is no complaisance in our hearts toward the idolaters. These are their notables, leaders andchiefs'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, liked what Abu Bakr said and dislikedwhat I said. And so, he accepted a ransom from them. The following day, 'Umar said: I went to see theProphet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and found him sitting with Abu Bakr. They were both crying. Isaid: 'O Messenger of Allah, what is it that makes you and your companion weep? If I can cry, I will cry withyou, if not I will feign crying'. The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: “I am crying becauseof the suggestion of ransoming the prisoners which your fellow believers advised me to do. Yourchastisement was closer to you than this tree (and he pointed to a near by tree). Allah, exalted is He, hadrevealed (It is not for any prophet to have captives until he hath made slaughter in the land) up to Hiswords (… an awful doom had come upon you on account of what ye took) of ransom. This was narrated byMuslim in his Sahih from Hannad ibn al-Sariyy from Ibn al-Mubarak from 'Ikrimah ibn 'Ammar.
يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا لَقِيتُمْ فِئَةً فَاثْبُتُواْ وَاذْكُرُواْ اللَّهَ كَثِيراً لَّعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ - وَأَطِيعُواْ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلاَ تَنَـزَعُواْ فَتَفْشَلُواْ وَتَذْهَبَ رِيحُكُمْ وَاصْبِرُواْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّـبِرِينَ
(45. O you who believe! When you meet (an enemy) force, take a firm stand against them and remember Allah much, so that you may be successful.)
(46. And obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not dispute (with one another) lest you lose courage and your strength departs, and be patient. Surely, Allah is with the patients.)
Allah instructs His faithful servants in the manners of fighting and methods of courage when meeting the enemy in battle,
يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا لَقِيتُمْ فِئَةً فَاثْبُتُواْ
(O you who believe! When you meet (an enemy) force, take a firm stand against them) In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that `Abdullah bin Abi Awfa said that during one battle, Allah's Messenger waited until the sun declined, then stood among the people and said,
«يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَا تَتَمَنَّوْا لِقَاءَ الْعَدُوِّ، واسْأَلُوا اللهَ الْعَافِيَةَ فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَاصْبِرُوا وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ تَحْتَ ظِلَالِ السُّيُوف»
(O people! Do not wish to face the enemy (in a battle) and ask Allah to save you (from calamities). But if you should face the enemy, then be patient and let it be known to you that Paradise is under the shadows of the swords.) He then stood and said,
«اللَّهُمَّ مُنْزِلَ الْكِتَابِ، وَمُجْرِي السَّحَابِ، وَهَازِمَ الْأَحْزَابِ، اهْزِمْهُمْ وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَيْهِم»
(O Allah! Revealer of the (Holy) Book, Mover of the clouds, and Defeater of the Confederates, defeat them and grant us victory over them.)
Allah commands endurance upon meeting the enemy in battle and ordains patience while fighting them. Muslims are not allowed to run or shy away, or show cowardice in battle. They are commanded to remember Allah while in that condition and never neglect His remembrance. They should rather invoke Him for support, trust in Him and seek victory over their enemies from Him. They are required to obey Allah and His Messenger in such circumstances adhering to what He commanded them, and abstaining from what He forbade them. They are required to avoid disputing with each other, for this might lead to their defeat and failure,
وَتَذْهَبَ رِيحُكُمْ
(lest your strength departs), so that your strength, endurance and courage do not depart from you,
وَاصْبِرُواْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّـبِرِينَ
(and be patient. Surely, Allah is with the patients.) In their courage, and obedience to Allah and His Messenger, the Companions reached a level never seen before by any nation or generation before them, or any nation that will ever come. Through the blessing of the Messenger and their obedience to what he commanded, the Companions were able to open the hearts, as well as, the various eastern and western parts of the world in a rather short time. This occurred even though they were few, compared to the armies of the various nations at that time. For example, the Romans, Persians, Turks, Slavs, Berbers, Ethiopians, Sudanese tribes, the Copts and the rest of the Children of Adam. They defeated all of these nations, until Allah's Word became the highest and His religion became dominant above all religions. The Islamic state spread over the eastern and western parts of the world in less than thirty years. May Allah grant them His pleasure, as well as, be pleased with them all, and may He gather us among them, for He is the Most Generous, and Giving.
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