وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْ بَعْدُ وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا مَعَكُمْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَىٰ بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ
And those who believed after [the initial emigration] and emigrated and fought with you - they are of you. But those of [blood] relationship are more entitled [to inheritance] in the decree of Allah. Indeed, Allah is Knowing of all things.
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وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَهَاجَرُواْ وَجَـهَدُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ ءَاوَواْ وَّنَصَرُواْ أُولَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقّاً لَّهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ - وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِن بَعْدُ وَهَاجَرُواْ وَجَـهَدُواْ مَعَكُمْ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ مِنكُمْ وَأُوْلُواْ الأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَـبِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌ
(74. And those who believed, and emigrated and strove hard in the cause of Allah (Al-Jihad), as well as those who gave (them) asylum and aid -- these are the believers in truth, for them is forgiveness and a generous provision.)
(75. And those who believed afterwards, and emigrated and strove hard along with you, they are of you. But kindred by blood are nearer to one another (regarding inheritance) in the decree ordained by Allah. Verily, Allah is the All-Knower of everything.)
After Allah affirmed the ruling of loyalty and protection between the believers in this life, He then mentioned their destination in the Hereafter. Allah also affirmed the faith of the believers, just as mentioned in the beginning of this Surah, and that He will reward them with forgiveness and by erasing their sins, if they have any. He also promised them honorable provisions that are abundant, pure, everlasting and eternal; provisions that never end or run out, nor will they ever cause boredom, for they are delightful and come in great varieties. Allah then mentioned that those who follow the path of the believers in faith and performing good deeds, will be with them in the Hereafter. Just as Allah said,
وَالسَّـبِقُونَ الاٌّوَّلُونَ
(And the foremost to embrace Islam...) 9:100, until the end of the Ayah. He also said,
وَالَّذِينَ جَآءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ
(And those who came after them ...) 59:10. A Hadith that is in the Two Sahihs, which is Mutawatir and has several authentic chains of narrations, mentions that the Messenger of Allah said,
«الْمَرْءُ مَعَ مَنْ أَحَب»
(One will be in the company of those whom he loves.) Another Hadith states,
«مَنْ أَحَبَّ قَوْمًا فَهُوَ مِنْهُم»
(He who loves a people is one of them), and in another narration, he said,
«حُشِرَ مَعَهُم»
(...will be gathered with them (on the Day of Resurrection).)
Allah said,
وَأُوْلُواْ الأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَـبِ اللَّهِ
(But kindred by blood are nearer to one another (regarding inheritance) in the decree ordained by Allah), meaning, in Allah's decision. This Ayah encompasses all relatives, not only the degrees of relative who do not have a fixed, designated share in the inheritance, as some people claim and use this Ayah to argue. According to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and several others, this Ayah abrogated inheriting from those with whom one had ties of treaties or brotherhood, as was the case in the beginning of Islam. So it applies to all relatives, and as for those who do not inherit, then this is supported by the Hadith,
«إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقَ حَقَّهُ فَلَا وَصِيَّةٍ لِوَارِث»
(Indeed Allah had alloted every right to the one who deserves it, so there may be no will for an heir.) Therefore, this Ayah also includes those who have a fixed share of inheritance. Allah knows best. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Anfal, all praise and thanks are for Allah, in Him we trust, and He is sufficient for us, what an excellent supporter He is.
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Setelah kaum muhajrin dan anshar, yang mengikuti mereka dengan kebaikan; beriman, berhijrah dan berjihad di jalan Allah, mereka pun sama akan memperoleh apa yang diperoleh generasi sebelum mereka, dan mereka memiliki kewajiban yang sama dengan generasi sebelum mereka.
Wahai kaum muhajirin dan anshar.
Maksudnya yang menjadi dasar waris-mewarisi dalam Islam adalah hubungan kerabat, bukan hubungan persaudaraan keagamaan sebagaimana yang terjadi antara muhajirin dan anshar pada permulaan Islam. Thayalisi meriwayatkan dari Ibnu Abbas ia berkata, âRasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam mempersaudarakan para sahabatnya dan sebagian mereka saling mewarisi, sampai turun ayat, âWa ulul arhaami baâdhuhum awlaa bibaâdhin fii kitaabillahâ (Orang-orang yang mempunyai hubungan kerabat itu sebagiannya lebih berhak terhadap sesamanya (daripada yang bukan kerabat)), maka mereka meninggalkan hal itu (waris-mewarisi karena persaudaraan) dan saling mewarisi karena nasab. (Hadits ini diriwayatkan pula oleh Thabrani. Haitsami dalam Majmaâuz Zawaaâid juz 7 hal. 28 berkata, âPara perawinya adalah para perawi kitab shahih.â)
Oleh karena itu, tidak ada yang menjadi ahli waris bagi seseorang selain kerabatnya, yang terdiri dari As-habul Furudh dan âAshabah. Jika mereka tidak ada, maka yang mewarisinya adalah kerabat terdekat mereka dari kalangan Dzawul Arham sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh ayat ini. Kata-kata âMenurut kitab Allahâ adalah menurut hukum dan syariâat-Nya. Selesai tafsir surat Al Anfaal dengan pertolongan Allah, wal hamdulillah.
