سَيَقُولُونَ ثَلَاثَةٌ رَابِعُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ خَمْسَةٌ سَادِسُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ رَجْمًا بِالْغَيْبِ ۖ وَيَقُولُونَ سَبْعَةٌ وَثَامِنُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ ۚ قُلْ رَبِّي أَعْلَمُ بِعِدَّتِهِمْ مَا يَعْلَمُهُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ ۗ فَلَا تُمَارِ فِيهِمْ إِلَّا مِرَاءً ظَاهِرًا وَلَا تَسْتَفْتِ فِيهِمْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا
They will say there were three, the fourth of them being their dog; and they will say there were five, the sixth of them being their dog - guessing at the unseen; and they will say there were seven, and the eighth of them was their dog. Say, [O Muhammad], "My Lord is most knowing of their number. None knows them except a few. So do not argue about them except with an obvious argument and do not inquire about them among [the speculators] from anyone."
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سَيَقُولُونَ ثَلَـثَةٌ رَّابِعُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ خَمْسَةٌ سَادِسُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ رَجْماً بِالْغَيْبِ وَيَقُولُونَ سَبْعَةٌ وَثَامِنُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ قُل رَّبِّى أَعْلَمُ بِعِدَّتِهِم مَّا يَعْلَمُهُمْ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ فَلاَ تُمَارِ فِيهِمْ إِلاَّ مِرَآءً ظَـهِرًا وَلاَ تَسْتَفْتِ فِيهِمْ مِّنْهُمْ أَحَداً
(22. They say they were three, the dog being the fourth among them; and they say they were five, the dog being the sixth, guessing at the unseen; and they say they were seven, and the dog being the eighth. Say: "My Lord knows best their number; none knows them but a few.'' So debate not except with the clear proof. And consult not any of them (about the people of the Cave).)
Allah tells us that people disputed over the number of the people of the Cave. The Ayah mentions three views, proving that there was no fourth suggestion. Allah indicates that the first two opinions are invalid, by saying,
رَجْماً بِالْغَيْبِ
(guessing at the unseen), meaning that they spoke without knowledge, like a person who aims at an unknown target -- he is hardly likely to hit it, and if he does, it was not on purpose. Then Allah mentions the third opinion, and does not comment on it, or He affirms it by saying,
وَثَامِنُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ
(and the dog being the eighth.) indicating that this is correct and this is what happened.
قُل رَّبِّى أَعْلَمُ بِعِدَّتِهِم
(Say: "My Lord knows best their number...'') indicating that the best thing to do in matters like this is to refer knowledge to Allah, because there is no need to indulge in discussing such matters without knowledge. If we are given knowledge of a matter, then we may talk about it, otherwise we should refrain.
مَّا يَعْلَمُهُمْ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ
(none knows them but a few.) of mankind. Qatadah said that Ibn `Abbas said: "I am one of the few mentioned in this Ayah; they were seven. '' Ibn Jurayj also narrated that `Ata' Al-Khurasani narrated from him, "I am one of those referred to in this Ayah,'' and he would say: "Their number was seven.'' Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn `Abbas said:
مَّا يَعْلَمُهُمْ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ
(none knows them but a few.) "I am one of the few, and they were seven.'' The chains of these reports narrated from Ibn `Abbas, which say that they were seven, are Sahih, and this is in accordance with what we have stated above.
فَلاَ تُمَارِ فِيهِمْ إِلاَّ مِرَآءً ظَـهِرًا
(So debate not except with the clear proof.) meaning, gently and politely, for there is not a great deal to be gained from knowing about that.
وَلاَ تَسْتَفْتِ فِيهِمْ مِّنْهُمْ أَحَداً
(And consult not any of them (about the people of the Cave).) meaning, `They do not have any knowledge about it except what they make up, guessing at the unseen; they have no evidence from an infallible source. But Allah has sent you, O Muhammad, with the truth in which there is no doubt or confusion, which is to be given priority over all previous books and sayings.'
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Yang dimaksud dengan orang yang akan mengatakan ini adalah orang-orang ahli kitab dan yang lainnya pada zaman Nabi Muhammad shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam.
Dua pendapat ini dikemukakan oleh orang-orang Nasrani Najran.
Yakni kaum mukmin.
Kedua pendapat sebelumnya (yakni pendapat Nasrani Najran) disebut sebagai âterkaan terhadap yang gaibâ, sedangkan pendapat yang terakhir yang menyebutkan bahwa jumlah mereka adalah tujuh orang, sedangkan yang kedelapan adalah anjingnya, menunjukkan bahwa pendapat inilah pendapat yang benar karena tidak disebut sebagai terkaan terhadap yang gaib. Akan tetapi, karena mengetahui jumlah mereka kurang begitu bermaslahat bagi manusia, baik terkait dengan agama maupun dunia, maka pada lanjutan ayatnya Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala berfirman, âKatakanlah (Muhammad), "Tuhanku lebih mengetahui jumlah mereka; tidak ada yang mengetahui (bilangan) mereka kecuali sedikit.â
Yakni perbantahan yang dibangun atas dasar ilmu dan keyakinan, dan di dalamnya pun ada faedahnya. Adapun perbantahan yang didasari atas kejahilan (kebodohan), terkaan terhadap yang gaib, atau yang tidak ada faedahnya, seperti jumlah As-habul Kahfi, dsb. maka hanya menghabiskan waktu dan membuat hati senang untuk hal-hal yang tidak ada faedahnya.
Yakni di antara Ahli Kitab. Hal itu tidak lain karena jawaban mereka didasari atas perkiraan yang tidak membuahkan kebenaran. Dalam ayat ini terdapat dalil larangan meminta fatwa kepada orang yang tidak layak berfatwa, hal ini bisa karena kurangnya ilmu dalam masalah yang dipersoalkan atau karena ia kurang peduli terhadap kata-katanya dan lagi tidak punya rasa takut. Dalam ayat ini juga terdapat dalil, bahwa seseorang mungkin dilarang dimintai fatwa tentang suatu masalah, namun tidak pada masalah lain (yakni tidak mutlak; tidak bolehnya sama sekali bertanya kepadanya).
