وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ ۖ قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِنْ ۖ قَالَ بَلَىٰ وَلَٰكِنْ لِيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِي ۖ قَالَ فَخُذْ أَرْبَعَةً مِنَ الطَّيْرِ فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ ثُمَّ اجْعَلْ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ جَبَلٍ مِنْهُنَّ جُزْءًا ثُمَّ ادْعُهُنَّ يَأْتِينَكَ سَعْيًا ۚ وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ
And [mention] when Abraham said, "My Lord, show me how You give life to the dead." [Allah] said, "Have you not believed?" He said, "Yes, but [I ask] only that my heart may be satisfied." [Allah] said, "Take four birds and commit them to yourself. Then [after slaughtering them] put on each hill a portion of them; then call them - they will come [flying] to you in haste. And know that Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise."
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(And when Abraham said (unto his Lord): My Lord! Show me how Thou givest life to the dead…) [2:260].The commentators of the Qur’an have mentioned the reason why Ibrahim asked his Lord to show him howHe brings the dead back to life. Sa‘id ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ja‘far informed us> Shu‘bah ibnMuhammad> Makki ibn ‘Abdan> Abu’l-Azhar> Ruh> Sa‘id > Qatadah who said: “It was mentioned to usthat Ibrahim passed by a corpse of a beast which was surrounded by beasts of the sea and of the land, andso he said: ‘O Allah! Show me how you bring the dead back to life!’ ” Also, al-Hasan, ‘Ata’ al-Khurasani, al-Dahhak and Ibn Jurayj said: “Ibrahim, Allah’s intimate friend, passed by a dead donkey lying on seashore(‘Ata’ said this was rather Tiberias lake). He saw the carrion surrounded by beasts of the water and of theland. When the water rose up, the fish and the beasts of the sea came forward and ate of it, and whateverfell of the carrion was swept away by water; and when the sea ebbed away, wild animals went forward andate of it, and whatever fell of the carrion became dust. When the wild animals went away, birds cameforward and ate of the carrion, and whatever fell from them, the wind scattered it away in the air. Ibrahimwas amazed when he saw this. He said: ‘O Lord! I know very well that you will gather its parts, please showme how you bring it to life, so that I can see it with my own eyes’ ”. Said Ibn Zayd: “Ibrahim passed by adead whale, half of which was in the sea and half in the land. The part which was in the sea was eaten upby the beasts of the sea while the part which was in the land was eaten up by the beasts of the land. Satanthe evil one whispered to him: ‘How is Allah going to gather the different parts of this from the bellies of allthese beasts?’ Ibrahim said: (My Lord! Show me how Thou givest life to the dead, He said: Dost thou notbelieve? Abraham said: Yea, but (I ask) in order that my heart may be at ease) by dispelling Satan’swhispering”. Abu Nu‘aym al-Asfahani informed me, among that which he authorized me to narrate fromhim> ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ja‘far> Muhammad ibn Sahl> Salamah ibn Shabib> Ibrahim ibn al-Hakam ibn Aban> his father who said: “I was sitting with ‘Ikrimah at a seashore when he said: ‘those whodrown in the seas, the fish share their meat such that nothing remains of them except bones. These bonesare then washed out by the sea. These bones then become transformed and hollow. Camels then pass bythem and eat them. Then they become dung. People will then come and use this dung to lit fire. When thefire is put out, the wind comes and scatters the ashes all over. When the Trumpet is blown, these peopleand the inhabitants of the graves will emerge together. This is what is meant by Allah’s saying (… andbehold them standing waiting!) [al-Zumar, 39:68]’ ”. Said Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar: “When Ibrahimargued with Nimrod, he said: ‘My Lord is He who gives life and death. Nimrod said: ‘I also give life anddeath’. He killed a man and set another free and then said: ‘I have killed this one and given life to this one’.Ibrahim said to him: ‘Well, Allah gives life by restoring the spirit to this dead body’. Nimrod said: ‘And didyou see that which you now say with your own eyes?’ He could not say: yes, I saw it! And so he moved onto another argument. Then he requested his Lord to show him how He brought the dead back to life so thathe may set his heart at ease upon argumentation, such that his argument would be based upon directseeing and witnessing’ ”. Ibn ‘Abbas, Sa‘id ibn Jubayr and al-Suddi also said: “When Allah took Ibrahim ashis intimate friend, the angel of death took permission from his Lord to go and give Ibrahim this glad tiding.He went to Ibrahim and said: ‘I came to give you the glad tiding that Allah, exalted is He, has taken you asan intimate friend’. Ibrahim praised Allah, glorious and majestic is He, and then said: ‘What is the sign ofthis intimate friendship?’ The angel said: ‘Its sign is that Allah answers your supplication and brings the deadback to life by your request’. The angel then left. Ibrahim said: ‘My Lord! Show me how You give life to thedead’. Allah said: ‘Do you not believe?’ Ibrahim said: ‘I do, but I ask in order that my heart may be at ease,knowing that you answer my request when I request You and give me when I ask You, and that you haveindeed taken me as an intimate friend’ ”.
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَهِيمُ رَبِّ أَرِنِى كَيْفَ تُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِن قَالَ بَلَى وَلَـكِن لِّيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِى قَالَ فَخُذْ أَرْبَعَةً مِّنَ الطَّيْرِ فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ ثُمَّ اجْعَلْ عَلَى كُلِّ جَبَلٍ مِّنْهُنَّ جُزْءًا ثُمَّ ادْعُهُنَّ يَأْتِينَكَ سَعْيًا وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ
(260. And (remember) when Ibrahim said, "My Lord! Show me how You give life to the dead.'' He (Allah) said: "Do you not believe'' He (Ibrahim) said: "Yes (I believe), but to be stronger in faith.'' He said: "Take four birds, then cause them to incline towards you (then slaughter them, cut them into pieces), and then put a portion of them on every hill, and call them, they will come to you in haste. And know that Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.'')
The scholars said that there are reasons behind this request by Ibrahim. For instance, when Ibrahim said to Nimrod,
رَبِّيَ الَّذِى يُحْىِ وَيُمِيتُ
e(My Lord (Allah) is He Who gives life and causes death,) he wanted to solidify his knowledge about resurrection by actually witnessing it with his eyes. Prophet Ibrahim said,
رَبِّ أَرِنِى كَيْفَ تُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِن قَالَ بَلَى وَلَـكِن لِّيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِى
("My Lord! Show me how You give life to the dead.'' He (Allah) said: "Do you not believe'' He (Ibrahim) said: "Yes (I believe), but to be stronger in faith.'') Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«نَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِالشَّكِّ مِنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِذْ قَالَ
رَبِّ أَرِنِى كَيْفَ تُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِن قَالَ بَلَى وَلَـكِن لِّيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِى
(We are more liable to be in doubt than Ibrahim when he said, "My Lord! Show me how You give life to the dead.'' Allah said, "Don't you believe'' Ibrahim said, "Yes (I believe), but (I ask) in order to be stronger in faith.'') The Prophet's statement in the Hadith means, "We are more liable to seek certainty.''
Allah said,
قَالَ فَخُذْ أَرْبَعَةً مِّنَ الطَّيْرِ فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ
(He said: "Take four birds, then cause them to incline towards you.'') Scholars of Tafsir disagreed over the type of birds mentioned here, although this matter in not relevant due to the fact that the Qur'an did not mention it. Allah's statement,
فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ
(cause them to incline towards you) means, cut them to pieces. This is the explanation of Ibn `Abbas, `Ikrimah, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Abu Malik, Abu Al-Aswad Ad-Dili, Wahb bin Munabbih, Al-Hasan and As-Suddi. Therefore, Ibrahim caught four birds, slaughtered them, removed the feathers, tore the birds to pieces and mixed the pieces together. He then placed parts of these mixed pieces on four or seven hills. Ibn `Abbas said, "Ibrahim kept the heads of these birds in his hand. Next, Allah commanded Ibrahim to call the birds to him, and he did as Allah commanded him. Ibrahim witnessed the feathers, blood and flesh of these birds fly to each other, and the parts flew each to their bodies, until every bird came back to life and came walking at a fast pace towards Ibrahim, so that the example that Ibrahim was witnessing would become more impressive. Each bird came to collect its head from Ibrahim's hand, and if he gave the bird another head the bird refused to accept it. When Ibrahim gave each bird its own head, the head was placed on its body by Allah's leave and power. '' This is why Allah said,
وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ
(And know that Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise) and no one can overwhelm or resist Him. Whatever Allah wills, occurs without hindrance, because He is the All-Mighty, Supreme above all things, and He is Wise in His statements, actions, legislation and decrees. `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Ma`mar said that Ayyub said that Ibn `Abbas commented on what Ibrahim said,
وَلَـكِن لِّيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِى
(but to be stronger in Faith), "To me, there is no Ayah in the Qur'an that brings more hope than this Ayah.'' Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir said that `Abdullah bin `Abbas met `Abdullah bin `Amr bin Al-`As and said to him, "Which Ayah in the Qur'an carries more hope for you'' Ibn `Amr said,
قُلْ يعِبَادِىَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُواْ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ لاَ تَقْنَطُواْ
(Say: "O `Ibadi (My servants) who have transgressed against themselves (by committing evil deeds and sins)! Despair not.) 39:53. Ibn `Abbas said, "But I say that it is Allah's statement,
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَهِيمُ رَبِّ أَرِنِى كَيْفَ تُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِن قَالَ بَلَى
(And (remember) when Ibrahim said, "My Lord! Show me how You give life to the dead.'' He (Allah) said: "Do you not believe'' He (Ibrahim) said: "Yes (I believe)...) Allah accepted Ibrahim's affirmation when he merely said, `Yes.' This Ayah refers to the doubts that attack the heart and the thoughts that Shaytan inspires.'' Al-Hakim also recorded this in Al-Mustadrak and said; "Its chain is Sahih but they did not record it.''
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