يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَكُونُوا خَيْرًا مِنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَاءٌ مِنْ نِسَاءٍ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَكُنَّ خَيْرًا مِنْهُنَّ ۖ وَلَا تَلْمِزُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَلَا تَنَابَزُوا بِالْأَلْقَابِ ۖ بِئْسَ الِاسْمُ الْفُسُوقُ بَعْدَ الْإِيمَانِ ۚ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَتُبْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ
O you who have believed, let not a people ridicule [another] people; perhaps they may be better than them; nor let women ridicule [other] women; perhaps they may be better than them. And do not insult one another and do not call each other by [offensive] nicknames. Wretched is the name of disobedience after [one's] faith. And whoever does not repent - then it is those who are the wrongdoers.
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(O ye who believe! Let not a folk deride a folk who may be better than they (are)…) [49:11]. This wasrevealed about Thabit ibn Qays ibn Shimas. The latter was hard of hearing and when he came to see theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, the Companions made room for him in order forhim to sit next to the Prophet so that he could hear him. He came one day when people were already seatedand started stepping over people, saying: “Make room! Make room!” One man said to him: “You have founda place, so sit down!” Thabit sat down but he was angry. He tried to tease the man. He said: “Who areyou?” The man said: “So-and-so”. Thabit exclaimed: “What, the son of so-and-so”, and he mentioned hismother about whom they used to taunt him in the pre-Islamic period. The man lowered his head out ofembarrassment. Then, Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. (… not let women (deride) women who maybe better than they are) [49:11]. This was revealed about two of the wives of the Prophet, Allah bless himand give him peace, who derided Umm Salamah. What happened is that the latter tied her loins with a whitedress and spread its extremity behind her such that she dragged it behind her. ‘A’ishah said to Hafsah:“Look at what she is dragging behind her! It looks like a dog’s tongue”. This was their derision of her. Anassaid: “This was revealed about the wives of the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, who made funof Umm Salamah because she was short. ‘Ikrimah reported that Ibn ‘Abbas said: “Safiyyah bint Huyayy ibnAkhtab went to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah,women revile me, saying: O Jewess, daughter of Jewish parents!’ The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless himand give him peace, said to her: ‘Could you not have said to them in reply: my father is Aaron, my uncle isMoses and my husband is Muhammad’. Then, Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse”. (…nor insult oneanother by nicknames…) [49:11]. Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Mihrajani informed us> Abu ‘AbdAllah ibn Battah> ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz> Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Marwazi> Hafs ibnGhiyath> Dawud ibn Abi Hind> al-Sha‘bi> Abu Jubayrah ibn al-Dahhak> his father and uncles who said:“The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, came to us and, when some men used nicknames to callothers, it was said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, those who are called by these nicknames do not like it’. This versewas then revealed (…nor insult one another by nicknames…)”.
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِّن قَوْمٍ عَسَى أَن يَكُونُواْ خَيْراً مِّنْهُمْ وَلاَ نِسَآءٌ مِّن نِّسَآءٍ عَسَى أَن يَكُنَّ خَيْراً مِّنْهُنَّ وَلاَ تَلْمِزُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ وَلاَ تَنَابَزُواْ بِالاٌّلْقَـبِ بِئْسَ الاسْمُ الْفُسُوقُ بَعْدَ الايمَانِ وَمَن لَّمْ يَتُبْ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ
(11. O you who believe! Let not a group scoff at another group, it may be that the latter are better than the former. Nor let (some) women scoff at other women, it may be that the latter are better than the former. Nor defame yourselves, nor insult one another by nicknames. Evil is the name of wickedness after faith. And whosoever does not repent, then such are indeed wrongdoers.)
Allah the Exalted forbids scoffing at people, which implies humiliating and belittling them. In the Sahih, it is recorded that the Messenger of Allah said,
«الْكِبْرُ بَطَرُ الْحَقِّ وَغَمْصُ النَّاس»
(Arrogance is refusing the truth and belittling people.) And in another Version
«غَمْطُ النَّاس»
(And despising people) It is forbidden to scoff at and belittle people, for the injured party could be more honored and dearer to Allah the Exalted than those who ridicule and belittle them. This is why Allah the Exalted said,
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِّن قَوْمٍ عَسَى أَن يَكُونُواْ خَيْراً مِّنْهُمْ وَلاَ نِسَآءٌ مِّن نِّسَآءٍ عَسَى أَن يَكُنَّ خَيْراً مِّنْهُنَّ
(O you who believe! Let not a group scoff at another group, it may be that the latter are better than the former. Nor let (some) women scoff at other women, it may be that the latter are better than the former.) thus, stating this prohibition for men and then women. The statement of Allah the Exalted,
وَلاَ تَلْمِزُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ
(Nor defame yourselves,) forbids defaming each other. He among men who is a slanderer, and a backbiter, is cursed and condemned as Allah states
وَيْلٌ لِّكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُّمَزَةٍ
(Woe to every Humazah, Lumazah)(104:1) Hamz is defamation by action, while Lamz is by words. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
هَمَّازٍ مَّشَّآءِ بِنَمِيمٍ
(Hammaz (defaming), going about with slander.) (68:11) meaning, he belittles and defames people, transgressing and spreading slander among them, which is the Lamz that uses words as its tool. Allah's statement here,
وَلاَ تَلْمِزُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ
(Nor defame yourselves,) just as He said in another Ayah,
وَلاَ تَقْتُلُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ
(Nor kill yourselves) (4:29), meaning, nor kill one another. `Abdullah bin `Abbas, Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Qatadah and Muqatil bin Hayyan said that the Ayah,
وَلاَ تَلْمِزُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ
(Nor defame yourselves,) means, none of you should defame each other,' while,
وَلاَ تَنَابَزُواْ بِالاٌّلْقَـبِ
(nor insult one another by nicknames.) means, `you should not address people by nick names that people dislike.' Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Jabirah bin Ad-Dahhak said, "This Ayah was revealed about us, Banu Salamah;
وَلاَ تَنَابَزُواْ بِالاٌّلْقَـبِ
(nor insult one another by nicknames.) When the Messenger of Allah migrated to Al-Madinah, every man among us had two or three nicknames. When the Prophet called a man by one of these nicknames, people would say, `O Allah's Messenger! He hates that nickname.' Then this Ayah,
وَلاَ تَنَابَزُواْ بِالاٌّلْقَـبِ
(nor insult one another by nicknames.) was revealed.'' Abu Dawud also collected this Hadith. The statement of Allah the Exalted and Most Honored,
بِئْسَ الاسْمُ الْفُسُوقُ بَعْدَ الايمَانِ
(Evil is the name of wickedness after faith), means, the names and descriptions of wickedness are evil; meaning, `to use the nicknames that were used by the people of Jahiliyyah, after you embraced Islam and understood it,'
وَمَن لَّمْ يَتُبْ
(And whosoever does not repent,) means, from this sin,
فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ
(then such are indeed wrongdoers.)
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Ayat ini juga menerangkan hak-hak kaum mukmin satu sama lain, yaitu hendaknya sebagian mereka tidak mengolok-olok, baik dengan ucapan maupun perbuatan yang menunjukkan penghinaan terhadap seorang muslim, karena yang demikian haram, dan menunjukkan bahwa orang yang mengolok-olok merasa ujub (bangga diri) dengan dirinya, padahal bisa saja yang diolok-olok itu lebih baik daripada yang mengolok-olok sebagaimana seperti itu pada umumnya dan kenyataannya. Hal itu, karena mengolok-olok tidaklah terjadi kecuali dari hati yang penuh dengan akhlak yang buruk dan tercela. Oleh karena itulah Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda, âCukuplah seseorang telah melakukan kejahatan kalau menghina saudaranya yang muslim.â
Jangan mencela dirimu sendiri maksudnya ialah mencela antara sesama mukmin karana orang-orang mukmin seperti satu tubuh. Mencela itu bisa dengan ucapan dan bisa dengan perbuatan. Kedua-duanya adalah haram dan diancam dengan neraka sebagaimana firman Allah, âWailul likulli humazatil lumazah.â
Tirmidzi meriwayatkan dengan sanadnya yang sampai kepada Abu Jabirah bin Adh Dhahhak ia berkata, âAda salah seorang di antara kami yang memiliki dua nama atau tiga, lalu dipanggil dengan sebagiannya maka sepertinya ia tidak suka, sehingga turunlah ayat ini, âDan janganlah saling memanggil dengan gelar-gelar yang buruk.â Tirmidzi berkata, âHadits ini hasan shahih.â
Yakni janganlah salah seorang di antara kamu mencela saudaranya dan menggelarinya dengan gelar yang buruk, dimana orang yang digelari itu tidak suka jika disebut dengannya. Adapun gelar yang tidak tercela, maka tidak termasuk dalam ayat ini.
Panggilan yang buruk ialah gelar yang tidak disukai oleh orang yang digelari, seperti panggilan kepada orang yang sudah beriman, dengan panggilan, âHai fasik, hai kafirâ dan sebagainya.
Inilah yang wajib dilakukan seorang hamba, yaitu bertobat kepada Allah Taâala dan keluar dari hak saudaranya, yaitu dengan meminta dihalalkan atau meminta dimaafkan, memujinya setelah mencelanya. Ayat ini menerangkan bahwa manusia ada dua golongan; yaitu orang yang berbuat zalim kepada dirinya dan orang yang bertobat, dan tidak ada yang ketiganya.
