ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُوا ثُمَّ جَاهَدُوا وَصَبَرُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنْ بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
Then, indeed your Lord, to those who emigrated after they had been compelled [to renounce their religion] and thereafter fought [for the cause of Allah] and were patient - indeed, your Lord, after that, is Forgiving and Merciful
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(Then lo! thy Lord - for those who became fugitives after they had been persecuted …) [16:110]. SaidQatadah: “It was related to us that when Allah, exalted is He, revealed before this verse that the people ofMecca who had embraced Islam would not be considered Muslim until they migrated to Medina, the peopleof Medina wrote to their companions in Mecca to inform them of this. When they received the message, theyleft Mecca but the idolaters caught up with them and took them back. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed(Alif. Lam. Mim. Do men imagine that they will be left (at ease) because they say, We believe, and will notbe tested with affliction?) [29:1-2], and the Muslims of Medina wrote to them to inform them about it. TheMuslims of Mecca vowed to each other to leave Mecca and fight the idolaters of Mecca, were they to catchup with them, until they join Allah or escape to Medina. The idolaters did catch up with them. Some of themdied fighting while others were able to flee. Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Then lo! thy Lord - for those whobecame fugitives after they had been persecuted, and then fought and were steadfast…)”.
ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَـجَرُواْ مِن بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُواْ ثُمَّ جَـهَدُواْ وَصَبَرُواْ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِن بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ - يَوْمَ تَأْتِى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ تُجَـدِلُ عَن نَّفْسِهَا وَتُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَّا عَمِلَتْ وَهُمْ لاَ يُظْلَمُونَ
(110. Then, verily, your Lord for those who emigrated after they were put to trials and then performed Jihad, and were patient, - after this, your Lord is indeed Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
(111. (Remember) the Day when every person will come pleading for himself, and every one will be paid in full for what he did, and they will not be dealt with unjustly.)
This refers to another group of people who were oppressed in Makkah and whose position with their own people was weak, so they went along with them when they were tried by them. Then they managed to escape by emigrating, leaving their homeland, families and wealth behind, seeking the pleasure and forgiveness of Allah. They joined the believers and fought with them against the disbelievers, bearing hardship with patience. Allah tells them that after this, meaning after their giving in when put to the test, He will forgive them and show mercy to them when they are resurrected.
يَوْمَ تَأْتِى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ تُجَـدِلُ
((Remember) the Day when every person will come pleading) meaning making a case in his own defence.
عَن نَّفْسِهَا
(for himself.) means, no one else will plead on his behalf; not his father, not his son, nor his brother, nor his wife.
وَتُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَّا عَمِلَتْ
(and every one will be paid in full for what he did,) meaning whatever he did, good or evil.
وَهُمْ لاَ يُظْلَمُونَ
(and they will not be dealt with unjustly.) meaning there will be no decrease in the reward for good, and no increase in the punishment for evil. They will not be dealt with unjustly in the slightest way.
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Ibnu Jarir meriwayatkan dengan sanadnya yang sampai kepada Ikrimah dari Ibnu Abbas radhiyallahu 'anhuma, ia berkata, âAda segolongan kaum di antara penduduk Mekah yang masuk Islam. Mereka meremehkan Islam, maka orang-orang musyrik memaksa mereka keluar bersama mereka pada perang Badar. Sebagian di antara mereka tertangkap, dan sebagian lagi terbunuh. Maka kaum muslimin berkata, âPara tawanan kita ini adalah kaum muslimin, mereka dipaksa, maka mintakanlah ampunan untuk mereka.â Maka turunlah ayat kepada mereka, âInnalladziina tawaffaahumum malaaâikatu zhaalimii anfusihimâ¦dst.â (An NIsaaâ: 97) Ibnu Abbas berkata, âMaka dikirimlah surat berisi ayat tersebut kepada kaum muslimin yang tinggal di Mekah. Mereka (kaum muslimin) pun keluar, lalu ditemui oleh kaum musyrik, kemudian mereka menimpakan fitnah (gangguan kepada kaum muslimin), maka turunlah ayat ini, âDan di antara manusia ada orang yang berkata: "Kami beriman kepada Allah", maka apabila ia disakiti (karena ia beriman) kepada Allah, ia menganggap fitnah manusia itu sebagai azab Allahâ¦dst.â (terj. Al âAnkabut: 10), maka kaum muslimin mengirimkan surat kepada mereka berisikan ayat tersebut. Mereka pun keluar (dari Mekah) dan nampak beputus asa dari semua kebaikan, kemudian turunlah ayat tentang mereka, âKemudian Tuhanmu (pelindung) bagi orang yang berhijrah setelah menderita cobaan, kemudian mereka berjihad dan bersabar, sungguh, Tuhanmu setelah itu benar-benar Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang.â Kaum muslimin kemudian mengirimkan surat berisikan ayat tersebut dan menerangkan kepada mereka, âBahwa Allah telah memberikan jalan keluar kepada kamu.â Mereka pun keluar dan ditemui oleh kaum musyrik, lalu mereka diperangi, di antara mereka ada yang selamat dan di antara mereka ada yang terbunuh. Syaikh Muqbil berkata, âHadits ini menurut Al Haitsami dalam Majmaâuzzawaaâid juz 7 hal. 10, âPara perawinya adalah para perawi hadits shahih selain Muhammad bin Syuraik, namun dia tsiqah.â
Di atas ketaatan.
Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala mengurus hamba-hamba-Nya yang ikhlas dengan kelembutan dan ihsan-Nya, Dia Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang bagi orang yang berhijrah di jalan-Nya, meninggalkan tempat tinggal dan hartanya karena mencari keridhaan-Nya. Meskipun ia mendapat gangguan dalam menjalankan agamanya agar kembali kafir, namun ia tetap berada di atas keimanan, dan dapat pergi membawa iman, kemudian dia berjihad melawan musuh-musuh Allah untuk memasukkan mereka ke dalam agama Allah dengan lisan dan tangannya, dan bersabar dalam melakukan ibadah-ibadah yang berat itu. Ini merupakan sebab paling besar untuk memperoleh pemberian yang paling baik, yaitu ampunan Allah terhadap semua dosa besar maupun kecil. Di dalamnya mengandung selamat dari setiap perkara yang tidak diinginkan dan memperoleh rahmat-Nya yang besar, di mana dengan rahmat-Nya keadaan mereka menjadi baik, urusan agama dan dunia mereka semakin lurus. Demikian pula mereka akan mendapatkan rahmat Allah di hari kiamat.
