الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ إِلَّا أَنْ يَقُولُوا رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ۗ وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَهُدِّمَتْ صَوَامِعُ وَبِيَعٌ وَصَلَوَاتٌ وَمَسَاجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسْمُ اللَّهِ كَثِيرًا ۗ وَلَيَنْصُرَنَّ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَقَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ
[They are] those who have been evicted from their homes without right - only because they say, "Our Lord is Allah." And were it not that Allah checks the people, some by means of others, there would have been demolished monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques in which the name of Allah is much mentioned. And Allah will surely support those who support Him. Indeed, Allah is Powerful and Exalted in Might.
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أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَـتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُواْ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ - الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُواْ مِن دِيَـرِهِم بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ إِلاَّ أَن يَقُولُواْ رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ وَلَوْلاَ دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَّهُدِّمَتْ صَوَمِعُ وَبِيَعٌ وَصَلَوَتٌ وَمَسَـجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسمُ اللَّهِ كَثِيراً وَلَيَنصُرَنَّ اللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَقَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ
(39. Permission (to fight) is given to those (believers) who are fought against, because they have been wronged; and surely, Allah is able to give them victory.)
(40. Those who have been expelled from their homes unjustly only because they said: "Our Lord is Allah.'' For had it not been that Allah checks one set of people by means of another, Sawami
, Biya
, Salawat, and Masjids, wherein the Name of Allah is mentioned much, would surely have been pulled down. Verily, Allah will help those who help His (cause). Truly, Allah is All-Strong, All-Mighty.)
Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "This was revealed about Muhammad and his Companions, when they were expelled from Makkah.'' Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak and others among the Salaf, such as Ibn `Abbas, `Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, Zayd bin Aslam, Muqatil bin Hayan, Qatadah and others said, "This is the first Ayah which was revealed about Jihad.'' Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "When the Prophet was driven out of Makkah, Abu Bakr said, `They have their Prophet. Truly, to Allah we belong and truly, to Him we shall return; surely they are doomed.''' Ibn `Abbas said, "Then Allah revealed the words:
أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَـتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُواْ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ
(Permission (to fight) is given to those (believers) fought against, because they have been wronged; and surely, Allah is able to give them victory.)'' Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Then I knew that there would be fighting.'' Imam Ahmad added: "Ibn `Abbas said, `This was the first Ayah to be revealed concerning fighting.''' This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in the Book of Tafsir of their Sunans. At-Tirmidhi said: "It is a Hasan Hadith.''
وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ
(and surely, Allah is able to give them victory.) means, He is able to grant victory to His believing servants without any fighting taking place, but He wants His servants to strive their utmost in obeying Him, as He says:
فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ حَتَّى إِذَآ أَثْخَنتُمُوهُمْ فَشُدُّواْ الْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَآءً حَتَّى تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا ذَلِكَ وَلَوْ يَشَآءُ اللَّهُ لاَنْتَصَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَلَـكِن لِّيَبْلُوَ بَعْضَكُمْ بِبَعْضٍ وَالَّذِينَ قُتِلُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَلَن يُضِلَّ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ - سَيَهْدِيهِمْ وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ - وَيُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ
(So, when you meet those who disbelieve, strike necks till when you have killed and wounded many of them, then bind a bond firmly. Thereafter either for generosity, or ransom, until war lays down its burden. Thus, but if it had been Allah's will, He Himself could certainly have punished them. But (He lets you fight) in order to test some of you with others. But those who are killed in the way of Allah, He will never let their deeds be lost. He will guide them and set right their state. And admit them to Paradise which He has made known to them.) 47:4-6
قَـتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُّؤْمِنِينَ - وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَن يَشَآءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
(Fight against them so that Allah will punish them by your hands, and disgrace them, and give you victory over them, and heal the breasts of a believing people, and remove the anger of their (believers') hearts. Allah accepts the repentance of whom He wills. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) 9:14-15
وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ حَتَّى نَعْلَمَ الْمُجَـهِدِينَ مِنكُمْ وَالصَّـبِرِينَ وَنَبْلُوَ أَخْبَـرَكُمْ
(And surely, We shall try you till We test those who strive hard and the patient, and We shall test your facts.) 47:31. And there are many similar Ayat. Ibn `Abbas commented on the Ayah,
وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ
(and surely, Allah is able to give them (believers) victory.) "And this is what He did.'' Allah prescribed Jihad at an appropriate time, because when they were in Makkah, the idolators outnumbered them by more than ten to one. Were they to engage in fighting at that time, the results would have been disastrous. When the idolators went to extremes to persecute Muslims, to expel the Prophet and resolving to kill him; when they sent his Companions into exile here and there, so that some went to Ethiopia and others went to Al-Madinah; when they settled in Al-Madinah and the Messenger of Allah joined them there, and they gathered around him and lent him their support, and they had a place where Islam prevailed, and a stronghold to which they could retreat; then Allah prescribed Jihad against the enemy, and this was the first Ayah to be revealed for it. Allah said:
أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَـتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُواْ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُواْ مِن دِيَـرِهِم بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ
(Permission (to fight) is given to those fought against, because they have been wronged; and surely, Allah is able to give them victory. Those who have been expelled from their homes unjustly) Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said; "They were driven out of Makkah to Al-Madinah unjustly, i.e., Muhammad and his Companions.''
إِلاَّ أَن يَقُولُواْ رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ
(only because they said: "Our Lord is Allah.'') means, they had not done anything to their people or committed any wrongs against them, apart from the fact that they believed in the Oneness of Allah and they worshipped Him Alone, with no partner or associate. But for the idolators, this was the worst of sins, as Allah says:
يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّـكُمْ أَن تُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ
(and have driven out the Messenger and yourselves because you believe in Allah, your Lord!) 60:1. Then Allah says:
وَلَوْلاَ دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُم بِبَعْضٍ
(For had it not been that Allah checks one set of people by means of another,) meaning, were it not for the fact that He repels one people by means of another, and restrains the evil of people towards others by means of whatever circumstances He creates and decrees, the earth would have been corrupted and the strong would have destroyed the weak.
لَّهُدِّمَتْ صَوَمِعُ
(Sawami` surely have been pulled down) means the small temples used by monks. This was the view of Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Abu Al-`Aliyah, `Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak and others. Qatadah said, "This refers to the places of worship of the Sabians;'' according to another report, he said, "The Sawami` of the Zoroastrians.'' Muqatil bin Hayyan said, "These are houses along the roads.''
(Biya`.) These are larger than the Sawami` and accommodate more worshippers; the Christians also have these. This was the view of Abu Al-`Aliyah, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Sakhr, Muqatil bin Hayyan, Khusayf and others. Ibn Jubayr reported from Mujahid and others that this referred to the synagogues of the Jews which are known to them as Salut. And Allah knows best.
(Salawat) Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "Salawat means churches.'' `Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak and Qatadah said that it referred to the synagogues of the Jews. Abu Al-`Aliyah and others said, "Salawat refers to the places of worship of the Sabians.'' Ibn Abi Najih reported that Mujahid said, "Salawat refers to places of worship of the People of the Book and of the people of Islam along the roads.'' Masjids belong to the Muslims.
يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسمُ اللَّهِ كَثِيراً
(wherein the Name of Allah is mentioned much,) It was said that the pronoun refers to Masjids, because this is the closest of the words mentioned. Ad-Dahhak said, "In all of them the Name of Allah is often mentioned.'' Ibn Jarir said, "The correct view is that the monasteries of the monks, the churches of the Christians, the synagogues of the Jews and the Masjids of the Muslims, in which the Name of Allah is mentioned much, would have been destroyed -- because this is the usual usage in Arabic.'' Some of the scholars said, "This is a sequence listing the smallest to the greatest, because the Masjids are more frequented by more worshippers who have the correct intention and way.''
وَلَيَنصُرَنَّ اللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُ
(Verily, Allah will help those who help His (cause).) This is like the Ayah:
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِن تَنصُرُواْ اللَّهَ يَنصُرْكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَكُمْ - وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَتَعْساً لَّهُمْ وَأَضَلَّ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ
(O you who believe! If you help (in the cause of) Allah, He will help you, and make your foothold firm. But those who disbelieve, for them is destruction, and (Allah) will make their deeds vain.) 47:7-8
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَقَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ
(Truly, Allah is All-Strong, All-Mighty.) Allah describes Himself as being All-Strong and All-Mighty. By His strength He created everything and measured it exactly according to its due measurements; by His might nothing can overpower Him or overwhelm Him, rather everything is humbled before Him and is in need of Him. Whoever is supported by the All-Strong, the All-Mighty, is indeed supported and helped, and his enemy will be overpowered. Allah says:
وَلَقَدْ سَبَقَتْ كَلِمَتُنَا لِعِبَادِنَا الْمُرْسَلِينَ - إِنَّهُمْ لَهُمُ الْمَنصُورُونَ - وَإِنَّ جُندَنَا لَهُمُ الْغَـلِبُونَ
(And, verily, Our Word has gone forth of old for Our servants, the Messengers, that they verily, would be made triumphant, and that Our soldiers! They verily, would be the victors.) 37:171-173
كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لاّغْلِبَنَّ أَنَاْ وَرُسُلِى إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ
(Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be the victorious.'' Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, All-Mighty.) 58:21
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Mereka terpaksa keluar dari kampung halamannya karena disakiti dan diberikan cobaan (fitnah).
Ucapan ini adalah hak. Oleh karena itu, mengusirnya adalah mengusir tanpa hak. Syaikh As Saâdiy berkata, âAyat ini menunjukkan hikmah disyariatkan jihad, dan bahwa maksud daripadanya adalah menegakkan agama Allah, menolak gangguan dan kezaliman kaum kafir terhadap kaum mukmin yang memulai terlebih dulu menzalimi, agar dapat beribadah kepada Allah serta menegakkan syariat Islam yang nampak.â
Dengan orang-orang yang berjihad di jalan Allah, Dia menghindarkan bahaya orang-orang kafir.
Seperti dengan melakukan shalat, membaca kitab Allah, dan berdzikr. Bahkan ibadah bisa menjadi terhenti karena robohnya tempat ibadah tersebut dan orang-orang kafir menguasai kaum muslimin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa negeri-negeri yang tercapai di sana ketenteraman beribadah kepada Allah, masjid-masjidnya makmur, ditegakkan syiâar-syiâar Islam di sana merupakan sebab perjuangan para mujahid fii sabilillah. Syaikh As Saâdiy berkata, âJika anda bertanya, âKita melihat sekarang masjid-masjid kaum muslimin ramai tidak roboh, padahal sebagian besarnya di bawah pemerintahan kecil dan pemerintahan yang tidak teratur, sedang mereka tidak memiliki kekuatan untuk memerangi negara-negara sebelahnya yang berada di Benua Eropa. Bahkan kita menyaksikan masjid-masjid yang berada di bawah kekuasaan mereka ramai, penduduknya aman dan tenteram padahal para penguasa mereka yang kafir sanggup merobohkannya, namun Allah memberitahukan bahwa kalau seandainya Allah tidak menolak (keganasan) sebagian manusia dengan sebagian yang lain tentu rumah-rumah ibadah itu hancur, dan kami tidak menyaksikan adanya penolakan tersebut?â Jawab: Pertanyaan dan kemusykilan ini masuk ke dalam keumuman ayat ini dan salah satu bagiannya. Karena barang siapa mengetahui keadaan negara-negara sekarang dan sistem pemerintahannya, di mana mereka memperhatikan semua umat dan semua bangsa yang berada di bawah kekuasaannya dan masuk ke dalam pemerintahannya, ia menganggapnya sebagai bagian dari anggota kerajaannya dan pemerintahannya, baik umat itu memiliki kemampuan karena jumlahnya atau karena perlengkapannya atau karena hartanya, atau karena pekerjaannya maupun pelayanannya, maka semua pemerintahan itu memperhatikan maslahat orang-orang asing tersebut baik agama maupun dunia, mereka khawatir jika tidak melakukan yang demikian tatanan pemerintahannya menjadi rusak dan kehilangan sebagian tiangnya, sehingga sebagian ajaran agama tegak karena sebab itu, khususnya masjid-masjid, di mana ia âwal hamdulillah- benar-benar tertata rapi, bahkan di ibukota negara-negara besar. Negara-negara yang merdeka itu pun memperhatikan kebutuhan rakyat mereka yang muslim meskipun terdapat kedengkian dan kebencian dari negara-negara Nasrani; yang Allah beritahukan bahwa hal itu akan senantiasa ada sampai hari kiamat. Dengan demikian, tetaplah pemerintahan Islam yang tidak sanggup dan tidak bisa membela dirinya selamat dari banyak bahaya mereka yang timbul karena adanya rasa hasad pada mereka, namun tidak ada seorang pun di antara mereka yang sanggup menguasainya karena takut terhadap perlindungan dari yang lain, padahal sesungguhnya Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala tetap akan memperlihatkan kemenangan Islam dan kaum muslimin kepada hamba-hamba-Nya sebagaimana yang dijanjikan-Nya dalam kitab-Nya. Dan Al hamdulillah, telah nampak sebab-sebab kemenangan itu dengan adanya kesadaran kaum muslimin tentang perlunya kembali kepada agama mereka, di mana kesadaran merupakan awal mula kebangkitan. Oleh karena itu, Kita memuji Allah dan meminta kepada-Nya agar Dia menyempurnakan nikmat-Nya. Oleh karena itu Dia berfirman dalam janji-Nya yang benar dan sesuai kenyataan, âAllah pasti akan menolong orang yang menolong (agama)-Nya.â Yakni orang yang menegakkan agama-Nya, ikhlas dalam menegakkannya, berperang di jalan-Nya agar kalimatullah menjadi tinggi.â
Allah Mahakuat lagi Mahaperkasa, semua makhluk tunduk di hadapan-Nya dan Dia berkuasa terhadap mereka. Maka bergembiralah kamu wahai kaum muslimin, karena meskipun jumlah atau perlengkapan kamu sedikit, sedangkan jumlah dan perlengkapan musuh banyak, maka sandaran kamu adalah Yang Mahakuat lagi Mahaperkasa. Oleh karena itu, kerjakanlah semua sebab yang diperintahkan, kemudian mintalah pertolongan kepada-Nya, niscaya Dia akan menolong kamu. Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala berfirman, âWahai orang-orang mukmin! Jika kamu menolong (agama) Allah, niscaya Dia akan menolongmu dan meneguhkan kedudukanmu.â (Terj. Muhammad: 7) Oleh karena itu, penuhilah hak iman dan amal saleh, karena sesungguhnya Dia telah menjanjikan kepada orang-orang yang beriman dan mengerjakan amal saleh, bahwa Dia sungguh-sungguh akan menjadikan mereka berkuasa di muka bumi, sebagaimana Dia telah menjadikan orang-orang sebelum mereka berkuasa, dan sungguh, Dia akan meneguhkan bagi mereka agama yang telah diridhai-Nya untuk mereka, dan Dia benar-benar akan menukar (keadaan) mereka, setelah mereka dalam ketakutan menjadi aman sentosa. Mereka tetap menyembah-Nya dengan tidak mempersekutukan sesuatu apa pun dengan-Nya. (lihat An Nuur: 55).
