يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تُطِيعُوا فَرِيقًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ يَرُدُّوكُمْ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِكُمْ كَافِرِينَ
O you who have believed, if you obey a party of those who were given the Scripture, they would turn you back, after your belief, [to being] unbelievers.
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(O ye who believe! If ye obey a party of those who have received the Scripture…) [3:100]. Abu ‘Amr al-Qantari informed me, among other things he gave me authorisation to relate from him> Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Haddadi> Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Khalid> Ishaq ibn Ibrahim> al-Mu’ammil ibn Isma‘il>Hammad ibn Yazid> Ayyub> ‘Ikrimah who said: “The two tribes of the Aws and Khazraj had fought eachother in the pre-Islamic period and upon the advent of Islam, Allah, exalted is He, united their hearts andhad peace with each other. One day, a Jew sat in an assembly of mixed people which belonged to the Awsand Khazraj. He recited some poetry which was composed by one of the tribes during their war against eachother. Something stirred within the people of the other tribe, and so they said: ‘Our poet has said this andthat about such-and-such a battle’. The others replied by saying: ‘And our poet has said this and that aboutsuch-and-such a battle’. Suddenly some of them said: ‘Let us start war all over again!’ Those who belongedto the tribe of Aws cried: ‘O people of Aws!’ and those who belonged to the tribe of Khazraj cried: ‘O peopleof Khazraj!’ They all gathered up, took up arms and aligned themselves ready for to engage in battle. At thispoint, Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, went andstood between the two armies, read this verse and raised his voice in the process. When they heard hisvoice, they stopped talking and listened to him. When he finished his recitation, they all dropped theirweapons and embraced one another, crying”. Said Zayd ibn Aslam: “Shas ibn Qays, the Jew, was an oldman who grew up in the pre-Islamic period. He was a great disbeliever. His hate for the Muslims wasextreme and his resentful envy toward them was intense. One day, he passed by a group of Companions ofthe Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, from the Aws and the Khazraj who weregathered in an assembly and talking, and was infuriated to see their unity, friendliness and reconciliationwhen they were enemies in the pre-Islamic period. He said: ‘The people of Banu Qaylah have united in thisland. By Allah, we have no abode with them if they are united’. And so he instructed a youth who was withhim, saying: ‘Go and sit with them and then remind them of the event of Bu‘ath and what happened beforeit and recite to them some of the poetry which they used to compose against each other’. Bu‘ath was theday when the Aws fought against the Khazraj and the former emerged triumphant against the latter. Theyoung man did as he was told which caused people to dispute with and boast to each other to the extentthat two men from the two tribes — Aws ibn Qaydhi of the Banu Harithah clan of Aws and Jabbar ibn Sakhrof the Banu Salamah clan of the Khazraj — exchanged words and one of them said to the other: ‘If youwish, by Allah, we will do it all over again’. Both camps got very angry and said: ‘It’s done! War is declared,and let us meet at al-Zahirah’, a volcanic area toward which they headed. The Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, heard of this and went straight to them accompanied by a group of Emigrantswho were with him. When he got there, he said: ‘O Muslims! You fight because of the call of paganignorance, even though I am still in your midst, and Allah has honoured you with Islam by means of whichhe severed from you the whole matter of pagan ignorance and united your hearts. Will you then revert tothat which you used to do when you were disbelievers? Allah! Allah!’ People realised straightaway that whatthey were about to do was of Satan’s incitement and of the plotting of their enemies. They dropped theirweapons, wept and embraced each other, and then left the scene with the Messenger of Allah, Allah blesshim and give him peace, submissive and compliant. Allah, glorious and majestic is He, then revealed (O yewho believe!) meaning the Aws and the Khazraj (If ye obey a party of those who have received theScripture) i.e. Shas and his followers (they will make you disbelievers after your belief)”. Said Jabir ibn ‘AbdAllah: “No one who had ever shown himself to us was more disliked than the Messenger of Allah, Allah blesshim and give him peace. He gestured to us with his hand and we stopped and Allah, exalted is He,reconciled us. Then no one was more beloved to us than the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and givehim peace. Never have I seen a day whose start was so ugly and monstrous and whose end was as good asthat particular day”.
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِن تُطِيعُواْ فَرِيقاً مِّنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ يَرُدُّوكُم بَعْدَ إِيمَـنِكُمْ كَـفِرِينَ - وَكَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ وَأَنْتُمْ تُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ ءَايَـتُ اللَّهِ وَفِيكُمْ رَسُولُهُ وَمَن يَعْتَصِم بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ هُدِىَ إِلَى صِرَطٍ مّسْتَقِيمٍ
(100. O you who believe! If you obey a group of those who were given the Scripture (Jews and Christians), they would (indeed) render you disbelievers after you have believed!)
(101. And how would you disbelieve, while unto you are recited the verses of Allah, and among you is His Messenger And whoever depends upon Allah, then he is indeed guided to the right path.)
Allah warns His believing servants against obeying the People of the Book, who envy the believers for the favor that Allah gave them by sending His Messenger . Similarly, Allah said,
وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ لَوْ يَرُدُّونَكُم مِن بَعْدِ إِيمَـنِكُمْ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِّنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ
(Many of the People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) wish that they could turn you away as disbelievers after you have believed, out of their own envy) 2:109. In this Ayah 3:100, Allah said,
إِن تُطِيعُواْ فَرِيقاً مِّنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ يَرُدُّوكُم بَعْدَ إِيمَـنِكُمْ كَـفِرِينَ
(If you obey a group of those who were given the Scripture (Jews and Christians), they would (indeed) render you disbelievers after you have believed!), then said,
وَكَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ وَأَنْتُمْ تُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ ءَايَـتُ اللَّهِ وَفِيكُمْ رَسُولُهُ
(And how would you disbelieve, while unto you are recited the verses of Allah, and among you is His Messenger), meaning, disbelief is far from touching you, since the Ayat of Allah are being sent down on His Messenger day and night, and he recites and conveys them to you. Similarly, Allah said,
وَمَا لَكُمْ لاَ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولُ يَدْعُوكُمْ لِتُؤْمِنُواْ بِرَبِّكُمْ وَقَدْ أَخَذَ مِيثَـقَكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ مُّؤْمِنِينَ
(And what is the matter with you that you believe not in Allah! While the Messenger invites you to believe in your Lord; and He has indeed taken your covenant, if you are real believers) 57:8. A Hadith states that one day, the Prophet said to his Companions,
«أَيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَعْجَبُ إِلَيْكُمْ إِيمَانًا؟»
قالوا: الملائكة. قال:
«وَكَيْفَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ وَهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِم»
؟ وذكروا الأنبياء، قال:
«وَكَيْفَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْوَحْيُ يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِمْ؟»
قالوا: فنحن. قال:
«وَكَيْفَ لَا تُؤْمِنُونَ وَأَنَا بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ؟»
قالوا: فأي الناس أعجب إيمانًا؟ قال:
«قَوْمٌ يَجِيئُونَ مِنْ بَعْدِكُمْ يَجِدُونَ صُحُفًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا فِيهَا»
("Who among the faithful believers do you consider has the most amazing faith'' They said, "The angels.'' He said, "Why would they not believe, since they are with their Lord'' They mentioned the Prophets, and the Prophet said, "Why would they not believe while the revelation is sent down to them'' They said, "Then, we are.'' He said, "Why would not you believe when I am among you'' They asked, "Who has the most amazing faith'' The Prophet said, "A people who will come after you and who will find only books that they will believe in.'') Allah said next,
وَمَن يَعْتَصِم بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ هُدِىَ إِلَى صِرَطٍ مّسْتَقِيمٍ
(And whoever depends upon Allah, then he is indeed guided to the right path) 3:101 for trusting and relying on Allah are the basis of achieving the right guidance and staying away from the path of wickedness. They also represent the tool to acquiring guidance and truth and achieving the righteous aims.
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