قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَىٰ جَهَنَّمَ ۚ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ
Say to those who disbelieve, "You will be overcome and gathered together to Hell, and wretched is the resting place."
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(Say (O Muhammad) unto those who disbelieve: Ye shall be overcome and gathered unto Hell…) [3:12]. Al-Kalbi reported from Abu Salih that Ibn 'Abbas said: “When Allah defeated the idolaters on the day of Badr,the Jews of Medina said: 'By Allah, this is the unlettered Prophet who was announced to us by Moses andwhose attribute and description we find in our Scriptures and about whom it is also mentioned that hisbanner will not be defeated'. They wanted to believe in and follow him. But then some of them said: 'Do notbe hasty; let us wait until another of his encounters'. When the Battle of Uhud took place and theCompanions of the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, were defeated, they became sceptical.They said: 'No, by Allah, this is not him'. Their wretchedness overwhelmed them and they did not embraceIslam. Meanwhile, they had a treaty with the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, whichwas supposed to last up to a certain period. They dissolved that treaty and Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf set off, alongwith sixty riders, to meet the people of Mecca, Abu Sufyan and his companions. They struck a deal andresolved to achieve the same goal. They said: 'Our word shall be one!' When they went back to Medina,Allah, exalted is He, revealed the above verse about them”. Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar, said: “Whenthe Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, defeated the Quraysh at Badr and then wentback to Medina, he gathered the Jews and said: 'O congregation of Jews! Beware lest Allah inflicts on youthe like of that which he has inflicted on Quraysh on the day of Badr; embrace Islam before that which hasbefallen them befalls you. You know well that I was sent as a prophet. This you find it mentioned in yourScripture as well as in Allah's covenant with you'. They said: 'O Muhammad! Be not deluded because youhave defeated inexperienced people who have no knowledge of warfare. By Allah, if we were to fight, youwill realize that we are the real thing'. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (Say (O Muhammad) unto thosewho disbelieve) i.e. the Jews (Ye shall be overcome) you shall be defeated (and gathered unto Hell) in theAfterlife”; this is the narration of 'Ikrimah and Sa'id ibn Jubayr from Ibn 'Abbas.
قُلْ لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ - قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ ءَايَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ الْتَقَتَا فِئَةٌ تُقَـتِلُ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَأُخْرَى كَافِرَةٌ يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِّثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْىَ الْعَيْنِ وَاللَّهُ يُؤَيِّدُ بِنَصْرِهِ مَن يَشَآءُ إِنَّ فِى ذَلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لاوْلِى الاٌّبْصَـرِ
(12. Say to those who disbelieve: "You will be defeated and gathered together to Hell, and worst indeed is that place of rest.'')
(13. There has already been a sign for you in the two armies that met. One was fighting in the cause of Allah, and as for the other, in disbelief. They saw them with their own eyes twice their number. And Allah supports with His aid whom He wills. Verily, in this is a lesson for those who understand.)
Allah commanded the Prophet Muhammad to proclaim to the disbelievers,
(You will be defeated) in this life,
(And gathered together) on the Day of Resurrection,
إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ
(to Hell, and worst indeed is that place of rest) Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar recorded that `Asim bin `Umar bin Qatadah said that when the Messenger of Allah gained victory in the battle of Badr and went back to Al-Madinah, he gathered the Jews in the marketplace of Bani Qaynuqa`. Therefore, Allah said,
قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ ءَايَةٌ
(There has already been a sign for you) meaning, O Jews, who said what you said! You have an Ayah, meaning proof, that Allah will make His religion prevail, award victory to His Messenger, make His Word apparent and His religion the highest.
فِي فِئَتَيْنِ
(In the two armies) meaning, two camps,
(that met) in combat (in Badr),
فِئَةٌ تُقَـتِلُ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
(One was fighting in the Cause of Allah) the Muslims,
وَأُخْرَى كَافِرَةٌ
(And as for the other, in disbelief) meaning, the idolators of Quraysh at Badr. Allah's statement,
يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِّثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْىَ الْعَيْنِ
(They saw them with their own eyes twice their number) means, the idolators thought that the Muslims were twice as many as they were, for Allah made this illusion a factor in the victory that Islam had over them. It was said that the meaning of Allah's statement,
يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِّثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْىَ الْعَيْنِ
(They saw them with their own eyes twice their number) is that the Muslims saw twice as many idolators as they were, yet Allah gave them victory over the disbelievers. `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "When we looked at the disbelievers' forces, we found that they were twice as many as we were. When we looked at them again, we thought they did not have one man more than we had. So Allah's statement,
وَإِذْ يُرِيكُمُوهُمْ إِذِ الْتَقَيْتُمْ فِى أَعْيُنِكُمْ قَلِيلاً وَيُقَلِّلُكُمْ فِى أَعْيُنِهِمْ
(And (remember) when you met, He showed them to you as few in your eyes and He made you appear as few in their eyes.) 8:44''. When the two camps saw each other, the Muslims thought that the idolators were twice as many as they were, so that they would trust in Allah and seek His help. The idolators thought that the believers were twice as many as they were, so that they would feel fear, horror, fright and despair. When the two camps stood in lines and met in battle, Allah made each camp look smaller in the eyes of the other camp, so that they would be encouraged to fight each other,
لِّيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أَمْراً كَانَ مَفْعُولاً
(so that Allah might accomplish a matter already ordained.) 8:42 meaning, so that the truth and falsehood are distinguishable, and thus the word of faith prevails over disbelief and deviation, so that the believers prevail and the disbelievers are humiliated. In a similar statement, Allah said;
وَلَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِبَدْرٍ وَأَنتُمْ أَذِلَّةٌ
(And Allah has already made you victorious at Badr, when you were a weak little force) 3:123. In this Ayah 3:13 Allah said,
وَاللَّهُ يُؤَيِّدُ بِنَصْرِهِ مَن يَشَآءُ إِنَّ فِى ذَلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لاوْلِى الاٌّبْصَـرِ
(And Allah supports with His victory whom He wills. Verily, in this is a lesson for those who understand.) meaning, this should be an example for those who have intelligence and sound comprehension. They should contemplate about Allah's wisdom, decisions and decree, that He gives victory to His believing servants in this life and on the Day the witnesses stand up to testify.
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Ayat ini turun ketika Nabi Muhammad shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam memerintahkan orang-orang Yahudi masuk Islam sepulang Beliau dari peperangan Badar, lalu mereka mengatakan, "Janganlah sekali-kali membuat anda terpedaya karena berhasil membunuh beberapa orang Quraisy yang tidak ahli dan tidak mengenal taktik perang".
Baik dengan dibunuh, ditawan maupun dengan ditetapkan membayar jizyah (pajak), dan hal itu telah terjadi.
