وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ وَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَاهُ ۖ فَلَمَّا قَضَىٰ زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا لِكَيْ لَا يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِي أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَائِهِمْ إِذَا قَضَوْا مِنْهُنَّ وَطَرًا ۚ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولًا
And [remember, O Muhammad], when you said to the one on whom Allah bestowed favor and you bestowed favor, "Keep your wife and fear Allah," while you concealed within yourself that which Allah is to disclose. And you feared the people, while Allah has more right that you fear Him. So when Zayd had no longer any need for her, We married her to you in order that there not be upon the believers any discomfort concerning the wives of their adopted sons when they no longer have need of them. And ever is the command of Allah accomplished.
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وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِى أَنعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ وَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَتُخْفِى فِى نِفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَـهُ فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِّنْهَا وَطَراً زَوَّجْنَـكَهَا لِكَىْ لاَ يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِى أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَآئِهِمْ إِذَا قَضَوْاْ مِنْهُنَّ وَطَراً وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولاً
(37. And (remember) when you said to him on whom Allah has bestowed grace and you have done a favor: "Keep your wife to yourself, and have Taqwa of Allah.'' But you did hide in yourself that which Allah will make manifest, you did fear the people whereas Allah had a better right that you should fear Him. So, when Zayd had completed his aim with her, We gave her to you in marriage, so that there may be no difficulty to the believers in respect of the wives of their adopted sons when the latter have no desire to keep them. And Allah's command must be fulfilled.)
Allah tells what His Prophet said to his freed slave Zayd bin Harithah, may Allah be pleased with him, who was the one on whom Allah had bestowed grace, i.e., through Islam and following the Messenger .
وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ
(and you have done a favor to him) means, by freeing him from slavery. And he was a great leader, held in high esteem and beloved by the Prophet . He was known as the beloved, and his son Usamah was known as the beloved son of the beloved. `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: "The Messenger of Allah never sent him on a campaign but he appointed him as its commander, and if he had lived after him he would have appointed him as his Khalifah.'' This was recorded by Imam Ahmad. The Messenger of Allah had given him in marriage to the daughter of his paternal aunt, Zaynab bint Jahsh Al-Asadiyyah, may Allah be pleased with her, whose mother was Umaymah bint `Abd Al-Muttalib. For her dowery he gave her ten Dinars, sixty Dirhams, a veil, a cloak and a shirt, fifty Mudds of food and ten Mudds of dates. This was stated by Muqatil bin Hayyan. She stayed with him for a year, more or less, then problems arose between them. Zayd complained about her to the Messenger of Allah , who told him, "Stay with your wife and have Taqwa of Allah.'' Allah says:
وَتُخْفِى فِى نِفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَـهُ
(But you did hide in yourself that which Allah will make manifest, you did fear the people whereas Allah had a better right that you should fear Him.) Ibn Jarir narrated that `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "If Muhammad were to have concealed anything that was revealed to him of the Book of Allah, he would have concealed this Ayah:
وَتُخْفِى فِى نِفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَـهُ
(But you did hide in yourself that which Allah will make manifest, you did fear the people whereas Allah had a better right that you should fear Him.)''
فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِّنْهَا وَطَراً زَوَّجْنَـكَهَا
(So, when Zayd had completed his aim with her, We gave her to you in marriage,) meaning, `when her marriage to Zayd was over and he had separated from her, We married her to you,' and the One Who was her Wali (guardian) in this marriage was Allah Himself, in the sense that He revealed to the Prophet that he should go in unto her without any Wali, contractual agreement, dowery or witnesses among mankind. Imam Ahmad recorded that Thabit said that Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "When Zaynab's `Iddah finished, may Allah be pleased with her, the Messenger of Allah said to Zayd bin Harithah,
«اذْهَبْ فَاذْكُرْهَا عَلَي»
(Go to her and tell her about me (that I want to marry her).) So, he went to her and found her kneading dough. He (Zayd) said, `When I saw her I felt such respect for her that I could not even look at her and tell her what the Messenger of Allah had said, so I turned my back to her and stepped aside, and said, `O Zaynab! Rejoice, for the Messenger of Allah has sent me to propose marriage to you on his behalf.' She said, `I will not do anything until I pray to my Lord, may He be glorified.' So she went to the place where she usually prayed. Then Qur'an was revealed and the Messenger of Allah came and entered without permission. We were there when she entered upon the Messenger of Allah , and for the wedding feast we offered bread and meat. Then the people left, and some men stayed behind conversing in the house after they had eaten. The Messenger of Allah went out and I followed him. He started to go around all the apartments of his wives, greeting them, and they said, `O Messenger of Allah, how did you find your (new) wife' I do not know whether I or someone else told him that those people had left, so he went and entered the house, and I went to enter after him, but he drew the curtain between himself and I. The ruling of Hijab was revealed and he exhorted the people as Allah had exhorted them:
لاَ تَدْخُلُواْ بُيُوتَ النَّبِىِّ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ
(Enter not the Prophet's houses, unless permission is given to you).'' This was also recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i. Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded that Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Zaynab bint Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with her, used to boast to the other wives of the Prophet , saying, `Your families arranged your marriages, but Allah arranged my marriage from above the seven heavens.''' In (our Tafsir of) Surat An-Nur we mentioned that Muhammad bin `Abdullah bin Jahsh said: "Zaynab and `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with them, were boasting to one another; Zaynab, may Allah be pleased with her, said, `I am the one whose marriage was revealed from above the heaven.' `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, `I am the one whose innocence was revealed from heaven.' So, Zaynab conceded that, may Allah be pleased with her.''
لِكَىْ لاَ يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِى أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَآئِهِمْ إِذَا قَضَوْاْ مِنْهُنَّ وَطَراً
(so that there may be no difficulty to the believers in respect of the wives of their adopted sons when the latter have no desire to keep them.) means, `We permitted you to marry her, and We did that so that there would no longer be any difficulty for the believers with regard to their marrying the ex-wives of their adopted sons.' Before prophethood, the Messenger of Allah had adopted Zayd bin Harithah, may Allah be pleased with him, and he was known as Zayd, the son of Muhammad. Allah put a stop to this when He said:
وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَآءَكُمْ أَبْنَآءَكُمْ
(nor has He made your adopted sons your real sons) until:
ادْعُوهُمْ لاًّبَآئِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِندَ اللَّهِ
(Call them after their fathers, that is more just with Allah) (33:4-5). Then this was confirmed and made even clearer by the marriage of the Messenger of Allah to Zaynab bint Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with her, when Zayd bin Harithah divorced her. Allah says in Ayat At-Tahrim:
وَحَلَـئِلُ أَبْنَآئِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَـبِكُمْ
(the wives of your sons from your own loins) (4:23) which specifically excludes adopted sons. This custom (of adopting sons) was widespread among them.
وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولاً
(And Allah's command must be fulfilled.) means, `this that has happened was decreed by Allah and was inevitable.' Allah knew that Zaynab, may Allah be pleased with her, would become one of the wives of the Prophet .
untuk dapat menambahkan tafsir
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Dengan menjadikannya muslim.
Dengan memerdekakannya. Orang ini adalah Zaid bin Haritsah radhiyallahu 'anhu. Dia pada awalnya adalah seorang tawanan di zaman jahiliyah, lalu Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam membelinya sebelum Beliau diangkat menjadi Nabi, kemudian Beliau memerdekakannya dan menjadikannya sebagai anak angkat yang kemudian dihapus. Suatu ketika Zaid datang kepada Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam meminta pendapat Beliau tentang sikapnya ingin menceraikan istrinya, yaitu Zainab binti Jahsy. Maka Beliau menjawab dengan jawaban seperti yang disebutkan dalam ayat di atas.
Yakni jangan engkau menceraikannya, dan bersabarlah terhadap perbuatan yang muncul darinya.
Dalam semua masalahmu dan dalam masalah istrimu, karena takwa mendorong untuk bersabar dan memerintahkannya.
Imam Bukhari meriwayatkan dengan sanadnya yang sampai kepada Anas bin Malik radhiyallahu 'anhu, bahwa ayat ini, âSedang engkau menyembunyikan di dalam hatimu apa yang akan dinyatakan oleh Allah,â turun berkenaan dengan Zainab binti Jahsy dan Zaid bin Haritsah.
Imam Qurthubi dalam tafsirnya berkata, "Orang-orang (para ulama) berselisih tentang tafsir ayat ini. Qatadah, Ibnu Zaid, dan jamaah para mufassir, di antaranya Thabari dan yang lain berpendapat, bahwa Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam terlintas dalam dirinya kecantikan Zainab binti Jahsy, sedangkan ketika itu ia istri Zaid. Beliau ingin sekali jika Zaid menalaknya, lalu Beliau menikahinyaâ¦dst.â Selanjutnya Imam Qurthubi berkata, âInilah yang disembunyikan Beliau dalam hatinya, akan tetapi Beliau wajib melakukan amr maâruf, yaitu dalam kata-kata Beliau, "Pertahankanlah terus istrimu dan bertakwalah kepada Allah,â Namun pendapat ini dibantah oleh Syaikh Asy Syinqithi, bahwa pendapat ini tidak benar dan tidak layak bagi Beliau shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam.
Nanti mereka akan mengatakan, âBeliau menikahi istri anaknya.â Padahal Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala hendak menetapkan syariat yang umum bagi kaum mukmin, bahwa anak angkat bukanlah anak hakiki dari segala sisi, dan bahwa istrinya tidak mengapa dinikahi oleh ayah angkatnya setelah ditalak dan habis masa iddahnya.
Dalam segala sesuatu, sehingga tidak perlu mempedulikan kata-kata mereka.
Ibnu Saâad di juz 8 qaf 1 hal. 73 meriwayatkan dengan sanadnya yang sampai kepada Hammad bin Zaid bin Tsabit dari Anas, ia berkata: Turun ayat berkenaan dengan Zainab binti Jahsy, âMaka ketika Zaid telah mengakhiri keperluan terhadap istrinya (menceraikannya), Kami nikahkan engkau dengan dia,â Anas juga berkata, âOleh karena itu, Zainab berbangga-bangga di hadapan istri-istri Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam dengan mengatakan, âYang menikahkan kamu semua adalah keluargamu, sedangkan yang menikahkan aku adalah Allah dari atas langit yang tujuh.â (Para perawinya adalah para perawi hadits shahih).
Maksudnya, setelah habis idahnya.
Yakni pasti terjadi dan tidak ada yang dapat menghalangi.
