وَلْيَحْكُمْ أَهْلُ الْإِنْجِيلِ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ ۚ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ
And let the People of the Gospel judge by what Allah has revealed therein. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the defiantly disobedient.
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(O Messenger! Let not them grieve thee who vie one with another in the race to disbelief…) [5:41-47]. AbuBakr Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us by dictation> Abu Muhammad, the chamberlain of Ibn Ahmadal-Tusi> Muhammad ibn Hammad al-Abiwardi> Abu Mu'awiyah> al-A'mash> 'Abd Allah ibn Murrah> al-Bara'ibn 'Azib who said: “One day, the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, passed by aJewish man who had just been flogged and had his face darkened with coal. He summoned the Jews andasked them: 'Is this what your Scripture decrees as punishment for the adulterer?' 'Yes!' they replied. Hethen summoned one of their doctors and asked him: 'I implore you by Allah who has sent the Torah toMoses, is this what your Scripture decrees as punishment for the adulterer'. He said: 'No! And if you had notimplored me by Allah, I would not tell you. Our Scripture rules that the punishment of the adulterer isstoning. But it became widespread among our notables. Initially, when one of the notables committedadultery, we left him unpunished while we applied stoning on the communality in cases of adultery. Then wedecided to look for a punishment that was applied on both the notables and communality of people. And sowe agreed on darkening the face with coal and flogging to replace stoning'. The Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, said: 'O Allah! I am the first to reapply your command after they hadsuspended it'. And he ordered that the Jewish man be stoned. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (OMessenger! Let not them grieve thee who vie one with another in the race to disbelief) up to His words (Ifthis be given unto you, receive it…), they said: 'Go to Muhammad; if he directs you to flog the adulterer anddarken his face with coal and apply flogging, then follow him. But do not follow him if he directs you toapply stoning on him'. Up to His words (Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such aredisbelievers) [5:44]. He said: 'This relates to the Jews'. Up to His words (Whoso judgeth not by that whichAllah hath revealed: such are wrong-doers) [5:45]. He said: 'This relates to the Christians'. Up to His words(Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are evil-livers) [5:47]. He said: 'This relates toall disbelievers'. Narrated by Muslim from Yahya ibn Yahya from Abu Mu'awiyah”. Abu 'Abd Allah ibn AbiIshaq informed us> Abu'l-Haytham Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ghawth al-Kindi> Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allahibn Sulayman al-Hadrami> Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah> Abu Mu'awiyah> al-A'mash> 'Abd Allah ibn Murrah>al-Bara' ibn 'Azib who related that the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, stoned a Jewish manand a Jewish woman and said afterwards: “(Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such aredisbelievers) [5:44], (Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are wrong-doers) [5:45],(Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are evil-livers) [5:47]. All these three verseswere revealed about the disbelievers”. This was narrated by Muslim from Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah.
وَقَفَّيْنَا عَلَى ءاثَـرِهِم بِعَيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ مُصَدِّقاً لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ التَوْرَاةِ وَءَاتَيْنَـهُ الإِنجِيلَ فِيهِ هُدًى وَنُورٌ وَمُصَدِّقاً لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَهُدًى وَمَوْعِظَةً لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ - وَلْيَحْكُمْ أَهْلُ الإِنجِيلِ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْفَـسِقُونَ
(46. And in their footsteps, We sent
Isa, son of Maryam, confirming the Tawrah that had come before him, and We gave him the Injil, in which was guidance and light and confirmation of the Tawrah that had come before it, a guidance and an admonition for those who have Taqwa.)
(47. Let the people of the Injil judge by what Allah has revealed therein. And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the rebellious.)
Allah said,
(and We sent...) meaning, We sent
عَلَى ءَاثَـرِهِمْ
(in their footsteps) meaning the Prophets of the Children of Israel,
بِعَيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ مُصَدِّقاً لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ التَوْرَاةِ
(`Isa, son of Maryam, confirming the Tawrah that had come before him,) meaning, he believed in it and ruled by it.
وَءَاتَيْنَـهُ الإِنجِيلَ فِيهِ هُدًى وَنُورٌ
(and We gave him the Injil, in which was guidance and light) a guidance that directs to the truth and a light that removes the doubts and solves disputes,
وَمُصَدِّقاً لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ
(and confirmation of the Tawrah that had come before it,) meaning, he adhered to the Tawrah, except for the few instances that clarified the truth where the Children of Israel differed. Allah states in another Ayah that `Isa said to the Children of Israel,
وَلاٌّحِلَّ لَكُم بَعْضَ الَّذِي حُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ
(. ..and to make lawful to you part of what was forbidden to you.) So the scholars say that the Injil abrogated some of the rulings of the Tawrah. Allah's statement,
وَهُدًى وَمَوْعِظَةٌ لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ
(a guidance and an admonition for those who have Taqwa.) means, We made the Injil guidance and an admonition that prohibits committing sins and errors, for those who have Taqwa of Allah and fear His warning and torment. Allah said next,
وَلْيَحْكُمْ أَهْلُ الإِنجِيلِ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ
(Let the people of the Injil judge by what Allah has revealed therein.) meaning, so that He judges the people of the Injil by it in their time. Or, the Ayah means, so that they believe in all that is in it and adhere to all its commands, including the good news about the coming of Muhammad and the command to believe in and follow him when he is sent. Allah said in other Ayat,
قُلْ يَـأَهْلَ الْكِتَـبِ لَسْتُمْ عَلَى شَىْءٍ حَتَّى تُقِيمُواْ التَّوْرَاةَ وَالإِنجِيلَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ
(Say "O People of the Scripture! You have nothing (guidance) until you act according to the Tawrah, the Injil, and what has been sent down to you from your Lord.'') and,
الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِىَّ الأُمِّىَّ الَّذِى يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِندَهُمْ فِى التَّوْرَاةِ
(Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write whom they find written with them in the Tawrah...) until,
(...successful.) Here, Allah said,
وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْفَـسِقُونَ
(And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the rebellious.) meaning, the rebellious and disobedient of Allah who prefer falsehood and abandon truth. We mentioned before that this Ayah was revealed about the Christians, and this is evident from the context of the Ayah.
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Pengikut-pengikut Injil itu diwajibkan memutuskan perkara menurut apa yang diturunkan Allah di dalam Injil itu, sampai pada masa diturunkan Al Quran.
Orang yang tidak berhukum dengan hukum Allah bisa menjadi kafir apabila ia menghina hukum Allah, menganggap halal berhukum dengan hukum selain Allah, menganggap bahwa hukum selain Allah lebih baik atau lebih cocok dipakai seperti orang-orang yang membuat undang-undang yang menyalahi syariâat Islam, di mana mereka tidaklah membuat undang-undang tersebut kecuali karena adanya anggapan bahwa hukum Allah tidak cocok lagi atau kurang tepat dsb.
