۞ أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا هُمْ مِنْكُمْ وَلَا مِنْهُمْ وَيَحْلِفُونَ عَلَى الْكَذِبِ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ
Have you not considered those who make allies of a people with whom Allah has become angry? They are neither of you nor of them, and they swear to untruth while they know [they are lying].
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(Hast thou not seen those who take for friends a folk with whom Allah is wroth?… and they will fancy thatthey have some standing. Lo! is it not they who are the liars?) [58:14-18]. Al-Suddi and Muqatil said: “Thiswas revealed about ‘Abd Allah ibn Nabtal, the hypocrite who used to keep the company of the Prophet, Allahbless him and give him peace, and then report what he heard from him to the Jews. As the Messenger ofAllah, Allah bless him and give him peace, was sitting one day in one of his rooms he said: ‘Now shall enteron you a man who has the heart of a tyrant and who looks through the eyes of the devil’. At that point ‘AbdAllah ibn Nabtal who was blue of complexion came in. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give himpeace, said to him: ‘Why do you, and your friends, insult me?’ He swore by Allah that he did not, but theMessenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said that he did. The man went and brought hisfriends who then swore by Allah that they did not insult him. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed theseverses”. Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya informed us> Muhammad ibn Ja‘far ibn Matar>Ja‘far ibn Muhammad al-Firyabi> Abu Ja‘far al-Nufayli> Zuhayr ibn Mu‘awiyah> Simak ibn Harb> Sa‘id ibnJubayr> Ibn ‘Abbas who related to him that the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, wassitting under the shade of one of his rooms with a group of Muslims from whom the shade was slowlyreceding. He said to them: “A man will come to you and look at you with the eyes of the devil. When hecomes do not speak with him!” A man of blue complexion then came. The Messenger of Allah, Allah blesshim and give him peace, called him and addressed him: “Why do you and so-and-so and so-and-so (henamed a group of people) insult me?” The man left and brought all those named and they swore by Allahand apologized. Allah, exalted is He, revealed (On the day when Allah will raise them all together, then willthey swear unto Him as they (now) swear unto you, and they will fancy that they have some standing. Lo! isit not they who are the liars?). This was narrated by al-Hakim in his Sahih> al-Asamm> Ibn ‘Affan> ‘Amr al-‘Anqari> Isra’il> Simak.
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْاْ قَوْماً غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِم مَّا هُم مِّنكُمْ وَلاَ مِنْهُمْ وَيَحْلِفُونَ عَلَى الْكَذِبِ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ - أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ عَذَاباً شَدِيداً إِنَّهُمْ سَآءَ مَا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ - اتَّخَذْواْ أَيْمَـنَهُمْ جُنَّةً فَصَدُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ - لَّن تُغْنِىَ عَنْهُمْ أَمْوَلُهُمْ وَلاَ أَوْلَـدُهُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً أُوْلَـئِكَ أَصْحَـبُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَـلِدُونَ - يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهِ جَمِيعاً فَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ كَمَا يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى شَىْءٍ أَلاَ إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْكَـذِبُونَ - اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَـنُ فَأَنسَـهُمْ ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ أُوْلَـئِكَ حِزْبُ الشَّيْطَـنِ أَلاَ إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَـنِ هُمُ الخَـسِرُونَ
(14. Have you not seen those who take as friends a people upon whom is the wrath of Allah They are neither of you nor of them, and they swear to a lie while they know.)
(15. Allah has prepared for them a severe torment. Evil indeed is that which they used to do.)
(16. They have made their oaths a screen. Thus they hinder (others) from the path of Allah, so they shall have a humiliating torment.)
(17. Their children and their wealth will avail them nothing against Allah. They will be the dwellers of the Fire to dwell therein forever.)
(18. On the Day when Allah will resurrect them all together; then they will swear to Him as they swear to you. And they think that they have something. Verily, they are liars!)
(19. The Shaytan has overpowered them. So he has made them forget the remembrance of Allah. They are the party of Shaytan. Verily, it is the party of Shaytan that will be the losers!).
Allah chastises the hypocrites for secretly aiding and supporting the disbelievers even though, in reality, they were neither with the disbelievers nor with the Muslims. Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,
مُّذَبْذَبِينَ بَيْنَ ذلِكَ لاَ إِلَى هَـؤُلاءِ وَلاَ إِلَى هَـؤُلاءِ وَمَن يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَلَن تَجِدَ لَهُ سَبِيلاً
((They are) swaying between this and that, belonging neither to these nor to those; and he whom Allah sends astray, you will not find for him a way.)(4:143) Allah said here,
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْاْ قَوْماً غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِم
(Have you not seen those who take as friends a people upon whom is the wrath of Allah) referring to the Jews with whom the hypocrites were allies in secret. Allah said,
مَّا هُم مِّنكُمْ وَلاَ مِنْهُمْ
(They are neither of you nor of them,) meaning, that these hypocrites are neither with the believers, nor with their allies the Jews,
وَيَحْلِفُونَ عَلَى الْكَذِبِ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ
(and they swear to a lie while they know.) meaning, the hypocrites lie when they vow, knowing that they are lying, which is called the vow of Al-Ghamus. We seek refuge with Allah from their ways. When the hypocrites met the believers they said that they believed and when they went to the Messenger, they swore to him by Allah that they were believers. They knew that they were lying in their vow, and they knew that they did not declare their true creed. This is why Allah witnessed here that they lie in their vows and know that they are lying, even though their statement (about the Prophet being Allah's Prophet) is true in essence. Allah the Exalted said,
أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ عَذَاباً شَدِيداً إِنَّهُمْ سَآءَ مَا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ
(Allah has prepared for them a severe torment. Evil indeed is that which they used to do.) meaning, Allah has prepared a painful torment for the hypocrites on account of their evil deeds, their aid and support of the disbelievers and their deceit and betrayal of the believers. The statement of Allah the Exalted,
اتَّخَذْواْ أَيْمَـنَهُمْ جُنَّةً فَصَدُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
(They have made their oaths a screen. Thus they hinder (others) from the path of Allah,) meaning, the hypocrites pretended to be believers and concealed disbelief under the shield of their false oaths. Many were unaware of their true stance and were thus deceived by their oaths. Because of this, some people were hindered from the Path of Allah
فَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ
(so they shall have a humiliating torment.) meaning, as recompense for belittling the significance of swearing by the Mighty Name of Allah, while lying and concealing betrayal. Allah the Exalted said,
لَن تُغْنِىَ عَنْهُمْ أَمْوَلُهُمْ وَلاَ أَوْلـدُهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا
(Their children and their wealth will avail them nothing against Allah.) meaning, none of their possessions can avert the affliction when it is sent their way,
أُولَـئِكَ أَصْحَـبُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَـلِدُونَ
(They will be the dwellers of the Fire to dwell therein forever.) Allah the Exalted said,
يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهِ جَمِيعاً
(On the Day when Allah will resurrect them all together;) referring to the Day of Resurrection when He will gather them all together and leave none of them out,
فَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ كَمَا يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى شَىْءٍ
(then they will swear to Him as they swear to you. And they think that they have something.) meaning, they will swear to Allah the Exalted and Most Honored that they were following the guidance and the correct path, just as they used to swear to the believers in this worldly life. Verily, those who live following on a certain path will most likely die while on it. Thus, they will be resurrected upon their path. The hypocrites will think that their vows will help them with Allah, just as they helped with the people, who were obliged to treat them as they pretended to be, Muslim. This is why Allah said,
وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى شَىْءٍ
(And they think that they have something) meaning, on account of swearing to their Lord (that they used to be believers). Allah rebukes this idea of theirs;
أَلاَ إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْكَـذِبُونَ
(Verily, they are liars!) stressing that they are lying, Allah then said;
اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَـنُ فَأَنسَـهُمْ ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ
(The Shaytan has overpowered them. So he has made them forget the remembrance of Allah.) meaning, Shaytan has taken over their hearts to the point that he made them forget Allah the Exalted and Most Honored. This is what the devil does to those whom he controls. Abu Dawud recorded that Abu Ad-Darda' said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say,
«مَا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ فِي قَرْيَةٍ وَلَا بَدْوٍ، لَا تُقَامُ فِيهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ إِلَّا قَدِ اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَانُ، فَعَلَيْكَ بِالْجَمَاعَةِ، فَإِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ الذِّئْبُ الْقَاصِيَة»
(Any three in a village or desert among whom the Salah is not called for, will have the Shaytan control them. Therefore, adhere to the Jama`ah, for the wolf eats from the strayed sheep.) Za'idah added that As-Sa'ib said that Jama`ah, refers to, "Praying in congregation.'' Allah the Exalted said,
أُوْلَـئِكَ حِزْبُ الشَّيْطَـنِ
(They are the party of Shaytan.) referring to those who are controlled by the devil and, as a result, forgot the remembrance of Allah,
أَلاَ إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَـنِ هُمُ الخَـسِرُونَ
(Verily, it is the party of Shaytan that will be the losers!)
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Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala memberitahukan tentang buruknya keadaan kaum munafik yang berwalaâ (memberikan sikap cinta dan setia) kepada orang-orang kafir dan menjadikan mereka sebagai sahabat, baik mereka itu orang-orang Yahudi, Nasrani dan yang lainnya yang Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala murkai. Mereka memperoleh laknat Allah dan bersikap ragu-ragu antara beriman atau kafir. Mereka bukan orang-orang mukmin baik zhahir (luar) maupun batin (dalam) karena batin mereka bersama orang-orang kafir, dan bukan pula orang-orang kafir baik zhahir maupun batin karena zhahir mereka bersama kaum mukmin. Inilah sifat mereka yang telah disebutkan Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala, mereka bersumpah dengan sumpah yang berlawanan dengan keadaan mereka, yaitu bahwa mereka adalah orang-orang mukmin, padahal mereka mengetahui bahwa mereka bukan orang-orang mukmin. Maka balasan terhadap mereka yang berkhianat itu yang fasik lagi berdusta adalah Allah siapkan untuk mereka azab yang pedih. Mereka mengerjakan perbuatan yang mendatangkan kemurkaan Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala, mendatangkan hukuman dan laknat-Nya.
Yaitu orang-orang Yahudi.
Yaitu orang-orang mukmin.
Yaitu orang-orang Yahudi.
Imam Ahmad di juz 1 hal. 240 meriwayatkan dengan sanadnya yang sampai kepada Ibnu Abbas radhiyallahu 'anhuma ia berkata: Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda, âAkan masuk menemui kamu seorang yang melihat dengan satu mata setan atau kedua mata setan.â Lalu ada seorang yang biru matanya dan berkata, âWahai Muhammad! Atas dasar apa engkau engkau memakiku atau mencelaku.â atau semisalnya. Ibnu Abbas berkata, âIa pun bersumpah, dan turunlah ayat ini yang ada di surah Al Mujaadilah, âDan mereka bersumpah atas kebohongan,â dan ayat yang lain. (Haitsami berkata dalam Majmaâuz Zawaaâid, âDiriwayatkan oleh Ahmad, Al Bazzar dan para perawi semuanya adalah para perawi hadits shahih, namun di sana disebutkan bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam yang berkata kepada orang itu, âAtas dasar apa engkau dan kawanmu memakiku.â Syaikh Muqbil menjelaskan, bahwa inilah yang disebutkan dalam Musnad di halaman 267 dan 350. Hadits tersebut diriwayatkan pula oleh Hakim dalam Mustadrak juz 2 hal. 482, ia berkata, âHadits ini shahih sesuai syarat Muslim, namun keduanya (Bukhari dan Muslim) tidak menyebutkannya.â).
Bahwa mereka beriman.
Bahwa mereka berdusta dalam ucapan itu.
