وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مَسْجِدًا ضِرَارًا وَكُفْرًا وَتَفْرِيقًا بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَإِرْصَادًا لِمَنْ حَارَبَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۚ وَلَيَحْلِفُنَّ إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلَّا الْحُسْنَىٰ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ
And [there are] those [hypocrites] who took for themselves a mosque for causing harm and disbelief and division among the believers and as a station for whoever had warred against Allah and His Messenger before. And they will surely swear, "We intended only the best." And Allah testifies that indeed they are liars.
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(And as for those who chose a place of worship out of opposition and disbelief, and in order to cause dissentamong the believers, and as an outpost for those who warred against Allah and His messenger aforetime,they will surely swear: We purposed naught save good. Allah beareth witness that they verily are liars.Never stand (to pray) there…) [9:107-108]. The commentators of the Qur'an said: “The Banu 'Amr ibn 'Awfbuilt a mosque at Quba' and sent for the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, to come tothem. He went there and prayed in that mosque. Their brothers from the Banu Ghunm ibn 'Awf envied themresentfully and said: 'Let us built a mosque and send for the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and givehim peace, to pray in it as he prayed in the mosque of our brothers, and let Abu 'Amir al-Rahib (the monk)also pray in it when he comes back from Syria'. This Abu 'Amir had embraced Christianity and became amonk in the pre-Islamic period. But when the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace,moved to Medina, Abu 'Amir rejected the religion of Islam and showed enmity toward it. The Prophet, Allahbless him and give him peace, called him then Abu 'Amir al-Fasiq (the corrupt) [instead of Abu 'Amir al-Rahib (the monk)]. Abu 'Amir left to Syria and then sent a letter to the hypocrites in which he wrote:'Prepare yourselves and make ready whatever you can of force and weapons. Built a mosque for me, for Iam going to the Caesar to request him to send with me Byzantine soldiers so that I drive out Muhammadand his Companions'. And so, they built for him a mosque by the Quba' mosque. Those who built thismosque were 12 men: Khidham ibn Khalid (this mosque of opposition was an extension of his house),Tha'labah ibn Hatib, Mu'attib ibn Qushayr, Abu Habibah ibn al-Az'ar, 'Abbad ibn Hunayf, Jariyah ibn 'Amir,his two sons Majma' and Zayd, Nabtal ibn Harith, Bahzaj ibn 'Uthman, Bijad ibn 'Uthman and Wadi'ah ibnThabit. When they finished building this mosque, they went to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him andgive him peace, and said: 'We have built a mosque for the sick and the needy and also for use in rainy andwintry nights, and we would like you to come and pray in it'. He called for his gown, intending to wear it andgo with them when the Qur'an was revealed to him and Allah, glorious and majestic is He, informed himabout the mosque of opposition and what they were about to do. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless himand give him peace, called Malik ibn al-Dukhshum, Ma'n ibn 'Adiyy, 'Amir ibn al-Sakan and Wahshiyy, thekiller of Hamzah and said to them: 'Go to this mosque whose builders have transgressed, destroy it and burnit down'. Malik proceeded with enflamed palm leaves, entered the mosque while its people were inside it,burnt it down and destroyed it. Its people dispersed [to avoid being burnt]. Then the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, commanded that that place be used as a garbage spot where carrion,dirt and refuse are thrown”. Abu 'Amir died in Syria alone, a stranger. Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibnMuhammad ibn Yahya informed us> Abu'l-'Abbas ibn Isma'il ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Mikal> 'Abd Allah ibn Ahmadibn Musa al-Ahwazi> Isma'il ibn Zakariyya> Dawud ibn al-Zibriqan> Sakhr ibn Juwayriyah> 'A'ishah bintSa'd ibn Abi Waqqas> Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas who said: “The hypocrites built a mosque so that it standscomparable to the mosque of Quba' which was close to it and wanted Abu 'Amir al-Rahib to be their Imamonce he came back [from Syria]. When they finished building it, they went to the Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, we have built a mosque, so come and prayin it so that we take it as a place of prayer'. He grabbed his gown, intending to leave with them, when thisverse (Never stand (to pray) there…) was revealed”.
وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُواْ مَسْجِدًا ضِرَارًا وَكُفْرًا وَتَفْرِيقًا بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَإِرْصَادًا لِّمَنْ حَارَبَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ مِن قَبْلُ وَلَيَحْلِفَنَّ إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلاَّ الْحُسْنَى وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ - لاَ تَقُمْ فِيهِ أَبَدًا لَّمَسْجِدٌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ أَحَقُّ أَن تَقُومَ فِيهِ فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَن يَتَطَهَّرُواْ وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ
(107. And as for those who put up a Masjid by way of harm and disbelief and to disunite the believers and as an outpost for those who warred against Allah and His Messenger aforetime, they will indeed swear that their intention is nothing but good. Allah bears witness that they are certainly liars.)
(108. Never stand you therein. Verily, the Masjid whose foundation was laid from the first day on Taqwa is more worthy that you stand therein (to pray). In it are men who love to clean and purify themselves. And Allah loves those who make themselves clean and pure.)
The reason behind revealing these honorable Ayat is that before the Messenger of Allah migrated to Al-Madinah, there was a man from Al-Khazraj called "Abu `Amir Ar-Rahib (the Monk).'' This man embraced Christianity before Islam and read the Scriptures. During the time of Jahiliyyah, Abu `Amir was known for being a worshipper and being a notable person among Al-Khazraj. When the Messenger of Allah arrived at Al-Madinah after the Hijrah, the Muslims gathered around him and the word of Islam was triumphant on the day of Badr, causing Abu `Amir, the cursed one, to choke on his own saliva and announce his enmity to Islam. He fled from Al-Madinah to the idolators of Quraysh in Makkah to support them in the war against the Messenger of Allah . The Quraysh united their forces and the bedouins who joined them for the battle of Uhud, during which Allah tested the Muslims, but the good end is always for the pious and righteous people. The rebellious Abu `Amir dug many holes in the ground between the two camps, into one of which the Messenger fell, injuring his face and breaking one of his right lower teeth. He also sustained a head injury. Before the fighting started, Abu `Amir approached his people among the Ansar and tried to convince them to support and agree with him. When they recognized him, they said, "May Allah never burden an eye by seeing you, O Fasiq one, O enemy of Allah!'' They cursed him and he went back declaring, "By Allah! Evil has touched my people after I left.'' The Messenger of Allah called Abu `Amir to Allah and recited the Qur'an to him before his flight to Makkah, but he refused to embrace Islam and rebelled. The Messenger invoked Allah that Abu `Amir die as an outcast in an alien land, and his invocation came true. After the battle of Uhud was finished, Abu `Amir realized that the Messenger's call was still rising and gaining momentum, so he went to Heraclius, the emperor of Rome, asking for his aid against the Prophet . Heraclius gave him promises and Abu `Amir remained with him. He also wrote to several of his people in Al-Madinah, who embraced hypocrisy, promising and insinuating to them that he will lead an army to fight the Messenger of Allah to defeat him and his call. He ordered them to establish a stronghold where he could send his emissaries and to serve as an outpost when he joins them later on. These hypocrites built a Masjid next to the Masjid in Quba', and they finished building it before the Messenger went to Tabuk. They went to the Messenger inviting him to pray in their Masjid so that it would be a proof that the Messenger approved of their Masjid. They told him that they built the Masjid for the weak and ill persons on rainy nights. However, Allah prevented His Messenger from praying in that Masjid. He said to them,
«إِنَّا عَلَى سَفَرٍ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا رَجَعْنَا إِنْ شَاءَ الله»
(If we come back from our travel, Allah willing.)'' When the Messenger of Allah came back from Tabuk and was approximately one or two days away from Al-Madinah, Jibril came down to him with the news about Masjid Ad-Dirar and the disbelief and division between the believers, who were in Masjid Quba' (which was built on piety from the first day), that Masjid Ad-Dirar was meant to achieve. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah sent some people to Masjid Ad-Dirar to bring it down before he reached Al-Madinah. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said about this Ayah (9:107), "They are some people of the Ansar to whom Abu `Amir said, `Build a Masjid and prepare whatever you can of power and weapons, for I am headed towards Caesar, emperor of Rome, to bring Roman soldiers with whom I will expel Muhammad and his companions.' When they built their Masjid, they went to the Prophet and said to him, "We finished building our Masjid and we would like you pray in it and invoke Allah for us for His blessings.''Allah revealed this verse,
لاَ تَقُمْ فِيهِ أَبَدًا
(Never stand you therein), until,
(...wrongdoers) '' Allah said next,
(they will indeed swear), those who built it,
إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلاَّ الْحُسْنَى
(that their intention is nothing but good.) by building this Masjid we sought the good and the comfort of the people. Allah replied,
وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ
(Allah bears witness that they are certainly liars) for they only built it to harm Masjid Quba', and out of disbelief in Allah, and to divide the believers. They made it an outpost for those who warred against Allah and His Messenger , such as Abu `Amir the Fasiq who used to be called Ar-Rahib, may Allah curse him! Allah said,
لاَ تَقُمْ فِيهِ أَبَدًا
(Never stand you therein), prohibiting His Prophet and his Ummah from ever standing in it in prayer.
Allah encouraged His Prophet to pray in Masjid Quba' which, from the first day, was built on Taqwa, obedience to Allah and His Messenger , for gathering the word of the believers and as an outpost and a fort for Islam and its people. This is why Allah the Exalted said,
لَّمَسْجِدٌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ أَحَقُّ أَن تَقُومَ فِيهِ
(Verily, the Masjid whose foundation was laid from the first day on Taqwa is more worthy that you stand therein (to pray).) in reference to the Masjid of Quba'. An authentic Hadith records that the Messenger of Allah said,
«صَلَاةٌ فِي مَسْجِدِ قُبَاءٍ كَعُمْرَة»
(One prayer in Masjid Quba' is just like an `Umrah.) It is recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah used to visit Masjid Quba' while riding and walking. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Uwaym bin Sa`idah Al-Ansari said that the Prophet went to Masjid Quba' and asked,
«إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ أَحْسَنَ عَلَيْكُمُ الثَّنَاءَ فِي الطُّهُورِ فِي قِصَّةِ مَسْجِدِكُمْ، فَمَا هَذَا الطُّهُورُ الَّذِي تَطَهَّرُونَ بِهِ؟»
(In the story about your Masjid, Allah the Exalted has praised you concerning the purification that you perform. What is the purification that you perform) They said, "By Allah, O Allah's Messenger! We do not know except that we had neighbors from the Jews who used to use water to wash with after answering the call of nature, and we washed as they washed.'' Ibn Khuzaymah collected this Hadith in his Sahih. Allah's statement,
لَّمَسْجِدٌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ أَحَقُّ أَن تَقُومَ فِيهِ فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَن يَتَطَهَّرُواْ وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ
(Verily, the Masjid whose foundation was laid from the first day on Taqwa is more worthy that you stand therein (to pray). In it are men who love to clean and purify themselves. And Allah loves those who make themselves clean and pure.) This encourages praying in old Masjids that were built for the purpose of worshipping Allah alone, without partners. It is also recommended to join the prayer with the believing group and worshippers who implement their faith, those who perform Wudu' perfectly and preserve themselves from impure things. Imam Ahmad recorded that one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah said that the Messenger of Allah led them in a Dawn (Subh) prayer in which he recited Surat Ar-Rum (chapter 30) and made mistakes in the recitation. When he finished the prayer, he said,
«إِنَّهُ يَلْبِسُ عَلَيْنَا الْقُرْآنَ أَنَّ أَقْوَامًا مِنْكُمْ يُصَلُّونَ مَعَنَا لَا يُحْسِنُونَ الْوُضُوءَ، فَمَنْ شَهِدَ الصَّلَاةَ مَعَنَا فَلْيُحْسِنِ الْوُضُوء»
(We sometimes make mistakes in reciting the Qur'an, there are people among you who attend the prayer with us, but do not perform Wudu' perfectly. Therefore, whoever attends the prayer with us let him make perfect Wudu'.) This Hadith indicates that complete purification helps in the performance of acts of worship and aids in preserving and completing them.
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Jumlah mereka ada dua belas orang.
Karena mereka membangunnya atas perintah seorang pendeta Nasrani bernama Abu âAmir agar menjadi bentengnya, di mana orang-orang yang datang dari sisinya singgah di situ. Ia pergi untuk membawa tentara dari Kaisar untuk memerangi Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam. Abu âAmir di masa jahiliah adalah seorang ahli ibadah, ketika Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam hijrah ke Madinah, ia kafir kepada Beliau dan pergi menemui orang-orang musyrik guna meminta bantuan kepada mereka memerangi Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam.
Di mana sebagiannya ada yang shalat di Qubaâ, dan sebagian lagi ada yang shalat di masjid mereka, karena masjidnya berdekatan.
Yang dimaksudkan dengan orang yang telah memerangi Allah dan Rasul-Nya sejak dahulu ialah Abu 'Amir, yang mereka tunggu-tunggu kedatangannya dari Syiria untuk datang ke masjid yang mereka dirikan itu, serta membawa tentara Romawi yang akan memerangi kaum muslimin. Akan tetapi kedatangan Abu 'Amir ini tidak jadi karena ia mati di Syiria. Kemudian masjid yang didirikan kaum munafik itu diruntuhkan atas perintah Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam karena wahyu yang diterimanya setelah kembali dari perang Tabuk.
Yakni karena kasihan terhadap orang miskin agar mereka tidak kehujanan atau kepanasan, dan untuk melapangkan kaum muslimin.
Sedangkan persaksian Allah lebih benar daripada sumpah mereka.
